# Azerbaijan: Tariffs, Trade & U.S. Exposure

Azerbaijan: America imported $101M in goods from Azerbaijan in 2025 (-36% in one year) and sold it $394M; the latest U.S. tariff action toward it (2026-04-06) is "Section 232 metals coverage expanded", in effect; it ships 1 essential good finished to American shelves (as of 2026-11-04).

- Canonical: https://policyrisk.com/countries/az
- As of: 2026-11-04
- Plain-text twin of the page above; the HTML and this file carry the same facts.

## Facts
- Country code: AZ
- Region: Middle East
- Capital: Baku (Baki, Baky)
- Government: presidential republic
- Population: 11M
- GDP: $74.3B
- U.S. imports from Azerbaijan, 2025: $101M
- Change in imports in one year: -36%
- U.S. imports 2026 through August: $79M
- U.S. exports to Azerbaijan, 2025: $394M
- Trade data source: U.S. Census Bureau, International Trade in Goods (customs basis)
- Tariff treatment: universal baseline, no country-specific action
- Reciprocal tariff (universal baseline): 10%
- Section 301: no
- Tariff status verified: 2026-06-13
- Latest tariff action: 2026-04-06: Section 232 metals coverage expanded (in effect)
- Essential goods shipped finished to the U.S.: 1
- Supply-map inputs and goods: 2 inputs feeding 2 essential American goods
- Coverage: data

## What you buy that Azerbaijan makes: U.S. imports, 2025

| Category | What it is | Value | Share |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Bauxite and aluminum | aluminum for cans and autos | $63M | 62.5% |
| Steelmaking materials |   | $18M | 17.4% |
| U.s. goods returned, and reimports |   | $5M | 4.5% |
| Other military equipment |   | $4M | 3.8% |
| Tobacco, waxes, etc. |   | $2M | 1.8% |
| Other precious metals |   | $1M | 1.3% |
| Household appliances | household appliances | $1M | 1.1% |
| Fruits, frozen juices | fruit and frozen juices | $885K | 0.9% |
| Artwork, antiques, stamps, etc. |   | $840K | 0.8% |
| Furniture, household goods, etc. | furniture, mattresses, lamps | $611K | 0.6% |

2026 so far (through August): $79M in imports. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, International Trade in Goods (customs basis).

## What America sells to Azerbaijan: U.S. exports, 2025

| Category | What it is | Value | Share |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Civilian aircraft, engines, equipment, and parts |   | $237M | 60.1% |
| Industrial machines, other |   | $31M | 7.9% |
| Drilling & oilfield equipment |   | $15M | 3.9% |
| Measuring, testing, control instruments |   | $12M | 3% |
| Industrial engines |   | $8M | 1.9% |
| Passenger cars, new and used | new and used cars | $7M | 1.8% |
| Electric apparatus |   | $7M | 1.7% |
| Telecommunications equipment | phones, routers, networking gear | $7M | 1.7% |
| Metalworking machine tools |   | $6M | 1.4% |

## U.S. tariff posture toward Azerbaijan

No U.S. tariff action singles this country out. Its goods face the universal 10% temporary import surcharge under Section 122 of the Trade Act (which replaced the IEEPA reciprocal baseline in February 2026) plus the sectoral Section 232 duties — steel and aluminum at 50% — that apply to all countries. The Section 122 surcharge is statutorily temporary — scheduled to lapse on or about July 23, 2026 (a 150-day cap) unless extended or replaced.

- Reciprocal tariff (universal baseline): 10%. The universal 10% floor, a Section 122 import surcharge since February 2026, previously the EO 14257 reciprocal baseline, applies to nearly all U.S. imports; this country has no higher assigned rate of its own.

## Tariff status, 6 changes since 2025

- 2026-04-06: Section 232 metals coverage expanded (in effect). The April 2026 proclamation strengthening Section 232 actions on aluminum, steel, and copper expanded derivative-product coverage for all countries, keeping the general metals rate at 50%. [91 FR 18201](https://policyrisk.com/federal-register/2026-06960)
- 2026-02-24: IEEPA reciprocal tariffs terminated — replaced by 10% Section 122 surcharge (in effect, 10%). Executive Order 14389 (Ending Certain Tariff Actions) terminated the IEEPA tariff duties — including the EO 14257 reciprocal baseline — effective February 24, 2026. A flat 10% Section 122 temporary import surcharge (Proclamation 11012 of February 20, 2026) replaced them, leaving the universal rate unchanged at 10% on a different statutory basis. Section 122 caps such surcharges at 150 days, so this 10% surcharge is scheduled to lapse on or about July 23, 2026 absent further action (the administration has signaled it could raise the rate toward the 15% statutory maximum). [91 FR 9437](https://policyrisk.com/federal-register/2026-03832)
- 2025-11-13: Agricultural products exempted from reciprocal tariffs (in effect). Executive Order 14360 of November 14, 2025 removed reciprocal duties from certain agricultural products listed in its annexes (coffee, cocoa, bananas, and other goods the U.S. does not produce in sufficient quantity), retroactive to November 13, 2025 — for all countries subject to the reciprocal tariff. [90 FR 54091](https://policyrisk.com/federal-register/2025-21203)
- 2025-06-04: Section 232 steel and aluminum duties doubled to 50% (in effect). The June 3, 2025 proclamation raised Section 232 duties on steel and aluminum articles and derivatives from 25% to 50% for all countries, effective June 4, 2025. [90 FR 24199](https://policyrisk.com/federal-register/2025-10524)
- 2025-04-05: Universal 10% reciprocal baseline takes effect (in effect, 10%). Executive Order 14257 (signed April 2, 2025) imposed a 10% ad valorem reciprocal duty on imports from all trading partners, effective April 5, 2025. Countries without a higher Annex I rate remain at this baseline. [Federal Register 2025-06063](https://policyrisk.com/federal-register/2025-06063)
- 2025-03-12: Section 232 steel and aluminum duties set at 25% for all countries (in effect). Proclamations of February 10, 2025 terminated all country exemptions and quota arrangements and applied 25% Section 232 duties to steel and aluminum imports from every country, effective March 12, 2025. [90 FR 9817](https://policyrisk.com/federal-register/2025-02833)

## What Azerbaijan makes for America

- [Aluminum and aluminum products](https://policyrisk.com/supplymap/aluminum-products) (materials): $63M to the U.S., 1% of U.S. imports of it

## The supply chain view

Azerbaijan sits upstream of 2 essential American goods through 2 tracked inputs.

- [Colorado River irrigation water allocation](https://policyrisk.com/supplymap/input/colorado-river-irrigation-water) (agricultural): 20% share
- [Natural gas wellhead production](https://policyrisk.com/supplymap/input/natural-gas-wellhead-production) (energy): 4% share

## The country itself

Azerbaijan -- a secular nation with a majority-Turkic and majority-Shia Muslim population -- was briefly independent (from 1918 to 1920) following the collapse of the Russian Empire; it was subsequently incorporated into the Soviet Union for seven decades. Beginning in 1988, Azerbaijan and Armenia fought over the Nagorno-Karabakh region, which was populated largely by ethnic Armenians but incorporated into Soviet Azerbaijan as an autonomous oblast in the early 1920s. In the late Soviet period, an ethnic-Armenian separatist movement sought to end Azerbaijani control over the region. Fighting over Nagorno-Karabakh escalated after Armenia and Azerbaijan gained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. By the time a ceasefire took effect in 1994, separatists with Armenian support controlled Nagorno‑Karabakh and seven surrounding Azerbaijani territories. After decades of cease-fire violations and sporadic flare-ups, a second sustained conflict began in 2020 when Azerbaijan tried to win back the territories it had lost in the 1990s. After significant Azerbaijani gains, Armenia returned the southern part of Nagorno-Karabakh and the surrounding territories to Azerbaijan. In September 2023, Azerbaijan took military action to regain the rest of Nagorno-Karabakh; after a conflict that lasted only one day, nearly the entire ethnic Armenian population of Nagorno-Karabakh fled to Armenia. Since gaining its independence in 1991, Azerbaijan has significantly reduced the poverty rate and has directed some revenue from its oil and gas production to develop the country’s infrastructure. However, corruption remains a burden on the economy, and Western observers and members of the country’s political opposition have accused the government of authoritarianism. The country’s leadership has remained in the ALIYEV family since Heydar ALIYEV, the most highly ranked Azerbaijani member of the Communist Party during the Soviet period, became president during the first Nagorno-Karabakh War in 1993.

Geography
- Location: Southwestern Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Russia, with a small European portion north of the Caucasus range
- Area: 86,600 sq km
- Climate: dry, semiarid steppe
- Terrain: large, flat Kur-Araz Ovaligi (Kura-Araks Lowland, much of it below sea level) with Great Caucasus Mountains to the north, Qarabag Yaylasi (Karabakh Upland) to the west; Baku lies on Abseron Yasaqligi (Apsheron Peninsula) that juts into Caspian Sea
- Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, nonferrous metals, bauxite
- Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
- Natural hazards: droughts

People and society
- Population: 10,694,370 (2025 est.)
- Nationality: Azerbaijani(s)
- Ethnic groups: Azerbaijani 94.8%, other 1.8%; less than 1%: Talish, Russian, Avar, Sakhur, Tartar, Georgian, Jewish, Kurd (2019 est.)
- Languages: Azerbaijani 96.1%, other 1.4%; less than 1%: Russian, Avar, Talyshi, Turkish, Tatar, Sakhur, Tat, Ukrainian, Georgian, Hebrew (2019 est.)
- Religions: Muslim 97.3% (predominantly Shia), Christian 2.6%, other <0.1, unaffiliated <0.1 (2020 est.)
- Median age: 34.8 years (2025 est.)
- Life expectancy at birth: 75.9 years (2024 est.)
- Literacy: 99.8% (2023 est.)

Economy
- Economic overview: upper-middle income, oil-dependent Caucasus economy; minimal economic diversification and dominance of state-owned enterprises; growth and fiscal consolidation supported by oil revenues, but risks remain from demand shocks; potential economic gains from Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire; education investments to diversify and retain human capital
- Industries: petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, oilfield equipment; steel, iron ore; cement; chemicals and petrochemicals; textiles
- Agricultural products: milk, wheat, barley, potatoes, tomatoes, watermelons, onions, apples, maize, cotton (2023)
- Exports - partners: Italy 37%, Turkey 19%, Israel 5%, Greece 4%, Russia 4% (2023)
- Imports - partners: Russia 17%, China 16%, Turkey 14%, Georgia 4%, Germany 4% (2023)

Government
- Government type: presidential republic
- Capital: Baku (Baki, Baky)
- Independence: 30 August 1991 (declared from the Soviet Union); 18 October 1991 (adopted by the Supreme Council of Azerbaijan)
- Constitution: several previous; latest adopted 12 November 1995
- Executive branch: President Ilham ALIYEV (since 31 October 2003)
- Legislative branch: National Assembly (Milli Majlis)

## Sources
- [91 FR 18201](https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/04/09/2026-06960/strengthening-actions-taken-to-adjust-imports-of-aluminum-steel-and-copper-into-the-united-states)
- [91 FR 9437](https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/02/25/2026-03832/ending-certain-tariff-actions)
- [90 FR 54091](https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/11/25/2025-21203/modifying-the-scope-of-the-reciprocal-tariffs-with-respect-to-certain-agricultural-products)
- [90 FR 24199](https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/06/09/2025-10524/adjusting-imports-of-aluminum-and-steel-into-the-united-states)
- [Universal 10% reciprocal baseline takes effect](https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/04/07/2025-06063/regulating-imports-with-a-reciprocal-tariff-to-rectify-trade-practices-that-contribute-to-large-and)
- [90 FR 9817](https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/02/18/2025-02833/adjusting-imports-of-steel-into-the-united-states)
- [CIA World Factbook, Azerbaijan](https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/)

## Related
- [U.S. tariffs by country](https://policyrisk.com/tariffs)
- [All countries](https://policyrisk.com/countries)
- [Azerbaijan on the supply map](https://policyrisk.com/supplymap/country/AZ)

Source: PRIA, https://policyrisk.com/countries/az (as of 2026-11-04).