# 2024-31223: National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: National Perchloroethylene Air Emission Standards for Dry Cleaning Facilities Technology Review 2024-31223, National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: National Perchloroethylene Air Emission Standards for Dry Cleaning Facilities Technology Review, is a Federal Register rule from an unnamed agency published 2025-01-07, effective 2024-01-07 (as of 2026-06-11). - Canonical: https://policyrisk.com/federal-register/2024-31223 - As of: 2026-06-11 - Plain-text twin of the page above; the HTML and this file carry the same facts. ## Facts - Document number: 2024-31223 - Title: National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: National Perchloroethylene Air Emission Standards for Dry Cleaning Facilities Technology Review - Type: Rule - Agencies: unknown - Citation: unknown - Published: 2025-01-07 - Effective: 2024-01-07 - Comments close: not stated - Significant: no - Touches household money: no - Regulation identifier numbers: none - Last updated: 2026-06-11 ## Summary The EPA reviewed the rules for dry cleaners using perchloroethylene (PCE), a chemical that can harm the air. They decided not to change the current rules because PCE is being phased out over 10 years under a different law. Dry cleaning businesses using PCE should keep following existing rules while preparing for the phaseout, which could affect their costs and operations. ## Abstract This action finalizes the Clean Air Act (CAA) technology review (TR) conducted for the commercial and industrial dry cleaning facilities using perchloroethylene (PCE) as the cleaning solvent (PCE Dry Cleaning) source categories regulated under National Emission Standards for Hazardous air Pollutants (NESHAP). This final rule does not finalize the changes made at proposal and makes no amendments to the current NESHAP given the recently finalized action under the Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA) which has instituted a 10-year phaseout of the use of PCE for dry cleaning. ## Effects PRIA read - No Changes to PCE NESHAP Today: benefit, low. If you run a dry cleaning business that uses perchloroethylene (PCE), the EPA is not changing the current NESHAP and you must continue following the existing PCE dry cleaning rules. This final determination is effective January 7, 2024, and owners/operators should keep complying with current requir… - 10-Year TSCA Phaseout Timeline: cost, high. A separate TSCA final rule published December 18, 2024 phases out PCE in dry cleaning over 10 years. It prohibits acquiring any dry-cleaning machine that uses PCE 180 days after publication, prohibits use of PCE in third-generation machines three years after publication, and fully prohibits PCE use… - Existing Equipment and Work-Practice Rules Stay: cost, medium. The current NESHAP requires specific controls and work practices: new major sources must operate with a refrigerated condenser and carbon adsorber and use enhanced LDAR; existing major sources must use a refrigerated condenser or carbon adsorber and enhanced LDAR; existing area sources must use a h… - How Facilities Are Classified (Major vs Area): cost, medium. Under the current NESHAP, a dry cleaning facility is a "major source" if it emits or could emit more than 10 tons per year (tpy) of PCE, or if it uses only dry-to-dry machines and consumes more than 2,100 gallons of PCE per year, or if it includes transfer machines (or both) and consumes more than… - Scope Estimate and No New NESHAP Costs: benefit, low. The EPA notes the TSCA rule estimated about 6,000 dry cleaners still use PCE. Because the EPA is not changing the NESHAP in this action, the agency states this final determination will not cause new air quality, cost, or economic impacts and certifies under the Regulatory Flexibility Act that it wi… ## Related documents - [2026-20736](https://policyrisk.com/federal-register/2026-20736): Air Plan Approval; Michigan; Clean Data Determination for the Berrien, MI and Muskegon, MI Areas for the 2015 Ozone Standards, 2026-10-09 - [2026-20757](https://policyrisk.com/federal-register/2026-20757): Schedules of Controlled Substances; Removal of Exemption Status for Inactive Butalbital Products, 2026-10-09 - [2026-20727](https://policyrisk.com/federal-register/2026-20727): Medical Devices; Immunology and Microbiology Devices; Classification of the System for Detection of Nucleic Acid From Non-Viral Microorgani…, 2026-10-09 - [2026-20792](https://policyrisk.com/federal-register/2026-20792): Raisins Produced From Grapes Grown in California; Order Amending Marketing Order No. 989, 2026-10-09 - [C1-2026-20019](https://policyrisk.com/federal-register/C1-2026-20019): Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Groundfish Reserves in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area, 2026-10-09 - [2026-20748](https://policyrisk.com/federal-register/2026-20748): Schedules of Controlled Substances: Placement of O-Desmethyltramadol in Schedule I; Correction, 2026-10-09 ## Sources - [2024-31223 on federalregister.gov](https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/01/07/2024-31223/national-emission-standards-for-hazardous-air-pollutants-national-perchloroethylene-air-emission) - [2024-31223 as published (PDF)](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2025-01-07/pdf/2024-31223.pdf) ## Related - [Previous: 2024-31142, Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards; Child Restraint Systems, Child Restrain…](https://policyrisk.com/federal-register/2024-31142) - [Next: 2024-31226, Review of Final Rule Reclassification of Major Sources as Area Sources Under Se…](https://policyrisk.com/federal-register/2024-31226) - [All Federal Register documents](https://policyrisk.com/federal-register) Source: PRIA, https://policyrisk.com/federal-register/2024-31223 (as of 2026-06-11).