# 2025-23845: US Pushes for 2028 Moon Landing and 2030 Lunar Base 2025-23845, Ensuring American Space Superiority, is a Federal Register presidential document from Executive Office of the President published 2025-12-23, effective 2025-12-18 (as of 2026-11-03). - Canonical: https://policyrisk.com/federal-register/2025-23845 - As of: 2026-11-03 - Plain-text twin of the page above; the HTML and this file carry the same facts. ## Facts - Document number: 2025-23845 - Title: Ensuring American Space Superiority - Type: Presidential Document - Agencies: Executive Office of the President - Citation: 90 FR 60537 - Published: 2025-12-23 - Effective: 2025-12-18 - Comments close: not stated - Significant: no - Touches household money: no - Regulation identifier numbers: none - Last updated: 2026-11-03 ## In one line US Pushes for 2028 Moon Landing and 2030 Lunar Base ## Summary The U.S. is stepping up its game to lead in space by sending astronauts back to the Moon by 2028 and building a permanent lunar base by 2030. This plan boosts national security with new missile defenses and stronger partnerships, while also opening doors for commercial space businesses. These moves will happen over the next few years and involve big investments to keep America ahead in the space race. ## Effects PRIA read - Big private investment target: $50B by 2028: benefit, high. The order directs a goal to attract at least $50 billion of additional investment in American space markets by 2028. This is meant to spur economic growth and increase launch and reentry activity through new and upgraded facilities and policy reforms. - Procurement shift toward commercial suppliers: benefit, medium. The order requires agency acquisition reforms that give a first preference to commercial solutions and a general preference for Other Transactions Authority or Space Act Agreements, to improve efficiency and speed space acquisitions. Agencies must align procurement processes to favor customary comm… - Commercial pathway to replace the ISS by 2030: benefit, medium. The order calls for a commercial pathway to replace the International Space Station by 2030, spurring private sector initiative to take over low-Earth-orbit human spaceflight infrastructure. This signals a government push to enable private platforms to succeed the ISS on a commercial basis by 2030. - Lunar nuclear power target: reactor ready by 2030: benefit, medium. The order directs enabling near-term utilization of space nuclear power, including deploying nuclear reactors on the Moon and in orbit, and specifically calls for a lunar surface reactor ready for launch by 2030. This creates directed demand for firms that design, build, or support space nuclear sy… - Shift in space traffic policy language (user fees phrase changed): mixed, low. The order revises Space Policy Directive 3 by replacing the phrase "free of direct user fees" with wording that services be "for commercial and other relevant use," and similarly replaces another instance of "provided free of direct user fees" with "available for commercial and other relevant use."… - Prototype next‑generation missile defense by 2028: mixed, medium. The order directs development and demonstration of prototype next-generation missile defense technologies by 2028 to progressively and materially enhance U.S. air and missile defenses. 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