# 119-hjres-28: Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require that the Supreme Court of the United States be composed of nine justices.

119-hjres-28, Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require that the Supreme Court of the United States be composed of nine justices., is a 119th Congress bill sponsored by Rep. Johnson, Dusty [R-SD-At Large] (R-SD); status introduced (as of 2026-07-25).

- Canonical: https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-hjres-28
- As of: 2026-07-25
- Plain-text twin of the page above; the HTML and this file carry the same facts.

## Facts
- Bill: 119-hjres-28
- Congress: 119
- Title: Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require that the Supreme Court of the United States be composed of nine justices.
- Status: introduced
- Introduced: 2025-01-22
- Sponsor: Rep. Johnson, Dusty [R-SD-At Large] (R-SD)
- Cosponsors: 108
- Policy area: Law
- Touches household money: no
- Last recorded action: 2026-07-25

## Summary

**Locks the Supreme Court at nine justices.** This proposed constitutional amendment would add an article stating the Supreme Court shall be composed of nine justices. It sets a seven-year deadline for ratification by the legislatures of three-fourths of the states. The amendment's text specifies court size and does not include rules on appointments, vacancies, or other court governance.

## Cosponsors (108)

- Rep. Webster, Daniel [R-FL-11] (R-FL), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Fleischmann, Charles J. "Chuck" [R-TN-3] (R-TN), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Estes, Ron [R-KS-4] (R-KS), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Tenney, Claudia [R-NY-24] (R-NY), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Hudson, Richard [R-NC-9] (R-NC), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Balderson, Troy [R-OH-12] (R-OH), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Dunn, Neal P. [R-FL-2] (R-FL), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Foxx, Virginia [R-NC-5] (R-NC), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Rose, John W. [R-TN-6] (R-TN), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Bacon, Don [R-NE-2] (R-NE), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Biggs, Andy [R-AZ-5] (R-AZ), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Van Duyne, Beth [R-TX-24] (R-TX), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Feenstra, Randy [R-IA-4] (R-IA), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Harrigan, Pat [R-NC-10] (R-NC), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Scott, Austin [R-GA-8] (R-GA), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Cammack, Kat [R-FL-3] (R-FL), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Crenshaw, Dan [R-TX-2] (R-TX), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Finstad, Brad [R-MN-1] (R-MN), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Fulcher, Russ [R-ID-1] (R-ID), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Hageman, Harriet M. [R-WY-At Large] (R-WY), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Rouzer, David [R-NC-7] (R-NC), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Zinke, Ryan K. [R-MT-1] (R-MT), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Yakym, Rudy [R-IN-2] (R-IN), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Guest, Michael [R-MS-3] (R-MS), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Moolenaar, John R. [R-MI-2] (R-MI), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Fischbach, Michelle [R-MN-7] (R-MN), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Rutherford, John H. [R-FL-5] (R-FL), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Moran, Nathaniel [R-TX-1] (R-TX), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Buchanan, Vern [R-FL-16] (R-FL), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Letlow, Julia [R-LA-5] (R-LA), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Thompson, Glenn [R-PA-15] (R-PA), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Malliotakis, Nicole [R-NY-11] (R-NY), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Houchin, Erin [R-IN-9] (R-IN), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Fry, Russell [R-SC-7] (R-SC), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Ezell, Mike [R-MS-4] (R-MS), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Ogles, Andrew [R-TN-5] (R-TN), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Ciscomani, Juan [R-AZ-6] (R-AZ), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Weber, Randy K. Sr. [R-TX-14] (R-TX), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5] (R-WI), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Jackson, Ronny [R-TX-13] (R-TX), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Mann, Tracey [R-KS-1] (R-KS), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Issa, Darrell [R-CA-48] (R-CA), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Salazar, Maria Elvira [R-FL-27] (R-FL), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Amodei, Mark E. [R-NV-2] (R-NV), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Harshbarger, Diana [R-TN-1] (R-TN), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Perry, Scott [R-PA-10] (R-PA), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Huizenga, Bill [R-MI-4] (R-MI), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. De La Cruz, Monica [R-TX-15] (R-TX), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Timmons, William R. [R-SC-4] (R-SC), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Alford, Mark [R-MO-4] (R-MO), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Massie, Thomas [R-KY-4] (R-KY), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Kelly, Trent [R-MS-1] (R-MS), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Franklin, Scott [R-FL-18] (R-FL), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Aderholt, Robert B. [R-AL-4] (R-AL), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Sessions, Pete [R-TX-17] (R-TX), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Rogers, Harold [R-KY-5] (R-KY), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Flood, Mike [R-NE-1] (R-NE), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Wilson, Joe [R-SC-2] (R-SC), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Garbarino, Andrew R. [R-NY-2] (R-NY), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Donalds, Byron [R-FL-19] (R-FL), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Grothman, Glenn [R-WI-6] (R-WI), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Bice, Stephanie I. [R-OK-5] (R-OK), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. LaLota, Nick [R-NY-1] (R-NY), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Moore, Barry [R-AL-1] (R-AL), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Calvert, Ken [R-CA-41] (R-CA), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Hill, J. French [R-AR-2] (R-AR), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Guthrie, Brett [R-KY-2] (R-KY), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Miller, Mary E. [R-IL-15] (R-IL), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Smith, Adrian [R-NE-3] (R-NE), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Lawler, Michael [R-NY-17] (R-NY), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Miller, Max L. [R-OH-7] (R-OH), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Schmidt, Derek [R-KS-2] (R-KS), 2025-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. McDowell, Addison P. [R-NC-6] (R-NC), 2025-01-23T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Edwards, Chuck [R-NC-11] (R-NC), 2025-01-28T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. James, John [R-MI-10] (R-MI), 2025-01-28T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Norman, Ralph [R-SC-5] (R-SC), 2025-02-04T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Hamadeh, Abraham J. [R-AZ-8] (R-AZ), 2025-02-07T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Schweikert, David [R-AZ-1] (R-AZ), 2025-02-10T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Crane, Elijah [R-AZ-2] (R-AZ), 2025-02-10T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Shreve, Jefferson [R-IN-6] (R-IN), 2025-02-10T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Turner, Michael R. [R-OH-10] (R-OH), 2025-02-14T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Murphy, Gregory F. [R-NC-3] (R-NC), 2025-02-14T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Moore, Tim [R-NC-14] (R-NC), 2025-02-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Tiffany, Thomas P. [R-WI-7] (R-WI), 2025-02-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Knott, Brad [R-NC-13] (R-NC), 2025-02-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Biggs, Sheri [R-SC-3] (R-SC), 2025-02-25T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Harris, Mark [R-NC-8] (R-NC), 2025-03-14T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Palmer, Gary J. [R-AL-6] (R-AL), 2025-03-24T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Obernolte, Jay [R-CA-23] (R-CA), 2025-03-24T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Collins, Mike [R-GA-10] (R-GA), 2025-03-26T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Stefanik, Elise M. [R-NY-21] (R-NY), 2025-04-07T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Harris, Andy [R-MD-1] (R-MD), 2025-04-28T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Valadao, David G. [R-CA-22] (R-CA), 2025-06-03T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Jack, Brian [R-GA-3] (R-GA), 2025-06-17T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Loudermilk, Barry [R-GA-11] (R-GA), 2025-06-25T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Fong, Vince [R-CA-20] (R-CA), 2025-06-25T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Goldman, Craig A. [R-TX-12] (R-TX), 2025-07-15T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Kim, Young [R-CA-40] (R-CA), 2025-07-29T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Lee, Laurel M. [R-FL-15] (R-FL), 2025-09-02T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Carter, Earl L. "Buddy" [R-GA-1] (R-GA), 2025-09-09T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Bilirakis, Gus M. [R-FL-12] (R-FL), 2025-09-11T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Hinson, Ashley [R-IA-2] (R-IA), 2025-10-10T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Barrett, Tom [R-MI-7] (R-MI), 2026-01-20T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Haridopolos, Mike [R-FL-8] (R-FL), 2026-03-30T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Baumgartner, Michael [R-WA-5] (R-WA), 2026-05-29T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. McGuire, John J. [R-VA-5] (R-VA), 2026-05-29T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Strong, Dale W. [R-AL-5] (R-AL), 2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Miller-Meeks, Mariannette [R-IA-1] (R-IA), 2026-06-15T00:00:00.000Z

## Provisions PRIA read

- Fix the Supreme Court at Nine: mixed, high. This bill would propose a constitutional amendment to require the Supreme Court to have nine justices. It would become part of the Constitution only if three-fourths of state legislatures ratified it within seven years. State legislatures, not Congress, would be the bodies to ratify the amendment.…

## Related bills

- 119-hr-703: Main Street Tax Certainty Act
- 119-hr-425: Repealing Big Brother Overreach Act
- 119-hr-38: Constitutional Concealed Carry Reciprocity Act of 2025
- 119-hr-452: Miracle on Ice Congressional Gold Medal Act
- 119-hr-1628: 761st Tank Battalion Congressional Gold Medal Act
- 119-hres-719: Honoring the life and legacy of Charles Charlie James Kirk.

## Sources
- [119-hjres-28 on Congress.gov](https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-joint-resolution/28)

## Related
- [119-hr-703: Main Street Tax Certainty Act](https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-hr-703)
- [119-hr-425: Repealing Big Brother Overreach Act](https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-hr-425)
- [119-hr-38: Constitutional Concealed Carry Reciprocity Act of 2025](https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-hr-38)
- [119-hr-452: Miracle on Ice Congressional Gold Medal Act](https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-hr-452)
- [119-hr-1628: 761st Tank Battalion Congressional Gold Medal Act](https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-hr-1628)
- [119-hres-719: Honoring the life and legacy of Charles Charlie James Kirk.](https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-hres-719)
- [All bills in Congress](https://policyrisk.com/legislation)

Source: PRIA, https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-hjres-28 (as of 2026-07-25).