# 119-hr-2184: Firearm Due Process Protection Act of 2025

119-hr-2184, Firearm Due Process Protection Act of 2025, is a 119th Congress bill sponsored by Rep. Emmer, Tom [R-MN-6] (R-MN); status in_committee (as of 2026-04-21).

- Canonical: https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-hr-2184
- As of: 2026-04-21
- Plain-text twin of the page above; the HTML and this file carry the same facts.

## Facts
- Bill: 119-hr-2184
- Congress: 119
- Title: Firearm Due Process Protection Act of 2025
- Status: in_committee
- Introduced: 2025-03-18
- Sponsor: Rep. Emmer, Tom [R-MN-6] (R-MN)
- Cosponsors: 24
- Policy area: Crime and Law Enforcement
- Touches household money: no
- Last recorded action: 2026-04-21

## Summary

**Creates a faster federal remedy that *strengthens due process for people challenging errors in the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS)***. The bill expands who can sue over certain Brady Act procedural violations and authorizes fee awards for prevailing complainants. - People flagged by NICS or denied a firearm can bring a new civil action under §925A and must receive an expedited hearing within 30 days. At that hearing the government bears the burden of proving ineligibility by clear and convincing evidence. - Complainants who "substantially prevail" can recover reasonable attorney fees and other litigation costs. "Substantially prevailed" covers a judicial order, an enforceable agreement or consent decree, or a voluntary or unilateral change in position by the United States when the claim is not insubstantial. - The FBI must send an annual report to the House and Senate Judiciary Committees with totals of challenges received, challenges processed to final disposition, reversals and reasons, non-reversals and reasons, and the average time to process challenges.

## Cosponsors (24)

- Rep. Bean, Aaron [R-FL-4] (R-FL), 2025-03-18T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Biggs, Andy [R-AZ-5] (R-AZ), 2025-03-18T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Bost, Mike [R-IL-12] (R-IL), 2025-03-18T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Carter, Earl L. "Buddy" [R-GA-1] (R-GA), 2025-03-18T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Collins, Mike [R-GA-10] (R-GA), 2025-03-18T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Donalds, Byron [R-FL-19] (R-FL), 2025-03-18T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Estes, Ron [R-KS-4] (R-KS), 2025-03-18T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Finstad, Brad [R-MN-1] (R-MN), 2025-03-18T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Fleischmann, Charles J. "Chuck" [R-TN-3] (R-TN), 2025-03-18T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Gosar, Paul A. [R-AZ-9] (R-AZ), 2025-03-18T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Norman, Ralph [R-SC-5] (R-SC), 2025-03-18T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Tenney, Claudia [R-NY-24] (R-NY), 2025-03-18T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Timmons, William R. [R-SC-4] (R-SC), 2025-03-18T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Reschenthaler, Guy [R-PA-14] (R-PA), 2025-03-18T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Van Drew, Jefferson [R-NJ-2] (R-NJ), 2025-03-25T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Newhouse, Dan [R-WA-4] (R-WA), 2025-03-25T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Grothman, Glenn [R-WI-6] (R-WI), 2025-03-25T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Mann, Tracey [R-KS-1] (R-KS), 2025-03-25T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Barr, Andy [R-KY-6] (R-KY), 2025-04-08T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Rogers, Mike D. [R-AL-3] (R-AL), 2025-04-08T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Calvert, Ken [R-CA-41] (R-CA), 2025-04-08T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Stefanik, Elise M. [R-NY-21] (R-NY), 2025-04-08T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Fischbach, Michelle [R-MN-7] (R-MN), 2025-04-08T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Hamadeh, Abraham J. [R-AZ-8] (R-AZ), 2025-07-10T00:00:00.000Z

## Provisions PRIA read

- Faster court reviews for gun background errors: benefit, medium. If enacted, people with a wrong gun background check—or a missed final decision deadline—could sue under faster rules. The court would have to hold a hearing within 30 days after you file. At the hearing, the government would need to prove, by clear and convincing evidence, that you are not allowed…

## Related bills

- 119-hr-8800: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2027
- 119-hr-987: Fair Access to Banking Act
- 119-hr-452: Miracle on Ice Congressional Gold Medal Act
- 119-hr-979: AM Radio for Every Vehicle Act of 2025
- 119-hr-703: Main Street Tax Certainty Act
- 119-hr-38: Constitutional Concealed Carry Reciprocity Act of 2025

## Sources
- [119-hr-2184 on Congress.gov](https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/2184)

## Related
- [119-hr-8800: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2027](https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-hr-8800)
- [119-hr-987: Fair Access to Banking Act](https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-hr-987)
- [119-hr-452: Miracle on Ice Congressional Gold Medal Act](https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-hr-452)
- [119-hr-979: AM Radio for Every Vehicle Act of 2025](https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-hr-979)
- [119-hr-703: Main Street Tax Certainty Act](https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-hr-703)
- [119-hr-38: Constitutional Concealed Carry Reciprocity Act of 2025](https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-hr-38)
- [All bills in Congress](https://policyrisk.com/legislation)

Source: PRIA, https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-hr-2184 (as of 2026-04-21).