# 119-hr-3544: Supreme Court Tenure Establishment and Retirement Modernization Act of 2025

119-hr-3544, Supreme Court Tenure Establishment and Retirement Modernization Act of 2025, is a 119th Congress bill sponsored by Rep. Johnson, Henry C. "Hank" [D-GA-4] (D-GA); status introduced (as of 2026-11-03).

- Canonical: https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-hr-3544
- As of: 2026-11-03
- Plain-text twin of the page above; the HTML and this file carry the same facts.

## Facts
- Bill: 119-hr-3544
- Congress: 119
- Title: Supreme Court Tenure Establishment and Retirement Modernization Act of 2025
- Status: introduced
- Introduced: 2025-05-21
- Sponsor: Rep. Johnson, Henry C. "Hank" [D-GA-4] (D-GA)
- Cosponsors: 91
- Policy area: Law
- Touches household money: no
- Last recorded action: 2026-11-03

## Summary

**Fixed 18-year terms** for Supreme Court justices and a timed appointment regime would rewrite who serves, how long they serve, and how vacancies get filled. It would also let retired justices be chosen by a public, randomized process to temporarily restore the Court’s active membership. - New appointees would serve a regular active-service term of 18 years from their swearing in and then be deemed retired. Current justices on the enactment date would be moved to retired status in order of longest service as new justices are commissioned. - The President would nominate one justice in the first and third years after a presidential election. The Senate would be required to act on a nomination within 90 days and on a replacement nomination within 120 days if the initial nominee is withdrawn or disapproved. - If the number of non-retired active justices falls below the statutory baseline, the Chief Justice would run a public, randomized process to pick a retired justice to serve until the Court returns to that baseline number.

## Cosponsors (91)

- Rep. Mannion, John W. [D-NY-22] (D-NY), 2026-09-28T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Simon, Lateefah [D-CA-12] (D-CA), 2026-09-28T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Hoyle, Val T. [D-OR-4] (D-OR), 2026-11-02T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Raskin, Jamie [D-MD-8] (D-MD), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Auchincloss, Jake [D-MA-4] (D-MA), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Balint, Becca [D-VT-At Large] (D-VT), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Barragán, Nanette Diaz [D-CA-44] (D-CA), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Carson, André [D-IN-7] (D-IN), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Casar, Greg [D-TX-35] (D-TX), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Chu, Judy [D-CA-28] (D-CA), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Clarke, Yvette D. [D-NY-9] (D-NY), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Cleaver, Emanuel [D-MO-5] (D-MO), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Crockett, Jasmine [D-TX-30] (D-TX), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Davis, Danny K. [D-IL-7] (D-IL), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Dean, Madeleine [D-PA-4] (D-PA), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. DeLauro, Rosa L. [D-CT-3] (D-CT), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. DelBene, Suzan K. [D-WA-1] (D-WA), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Deluzio, Christopher R. [D-PA-17] (D-PA), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Evans, Dwight [D-PA-3] (D-PA), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Foushee, Valerie P. [D-NC-4] (D-NC), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Frost, Maxwell [D-FL-10] (D-FL), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. García, Jesús G. "Chuy" [D-IL-4] (D-IL), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Goldman, Daniel S. [D-NY-10] (D-NY), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Himes, James A. [D-CT-4] (D-CT), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Huffman, Jared [D-CA-2] (D-CA), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Jayapal, Pramila [D-WA-7] (D-WA), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Khanna, Ro [D-CA-17] (D-CA), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Krishnamoorthi, Raja [D-IL-8] (D-IL), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Landsman, Greg [D-OH-1] (D-OH), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Lee, Summer L. [D-PA-12] (D-PA), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Levin, Mike [D-CA-49] (D-CA), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Lieu, Ted [D-CA-36] (D-CA), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Mfume, Kweisi [D-MD-7] (D-MD), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Mullin, Kevin [D-CA-15] (D-CA), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Nadler, Jerrold [D-NY-12] (D-NY), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Del. Norton, Eleanor Holmes [D-DC-At Large] (D-DC), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Ocasio-Cortez, Alexandria [D-NY-14] (D-NY), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Omar, Ilhan [D-MN-5] (D-MN), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Pingree, Chellie [D-ME-1] (D-ME), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Pressley, Ayanna [D-MA-7] (D-MA), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Ramirez, Delia C. [D-IL-3] (D-IL), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Ryan, Patrick [D-NY-18] (D-NY), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Salinas, Andrea [D-OR-6] (D-OR), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Scanlon, Mary Gay [D-PA-5] (D-PA), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Schakowsky, Janice D. [D-IL-9] (D-IL), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Smith, Adam [D-WA-9] (D-WA), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Stansbury, Melanie A. [D-NM-1] (D-NM), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Takano, Mark [D-CA-39] (D-CA), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Thanedar, Shri [D-MI-13] (D-MI), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Tlaib, Rashida [D-MI-12] (D-MI), 2025-05-21T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Sorensen, Eric [D-IL-17] (D-IL), 2025-07-25T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Friedman, Laura [D-CA-30] (D-CA), 2025-07-25T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. DeSaulnier, Mark [D-CA-10] (D-CA), 2025-09-30T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Dexter, Maxine [D-OR-3] (D-OR), 2025-09-30T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Leger Fernandez, Teresa [D-NM-3] (D-NM), 2025-09-30T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Amo, Gabe [D-RI-1] (D-RI), 2026-10-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Blair, Everton [D-GA-13] (D-GA), 2026-10-26T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Morelle, Joseph D. [D-NY-25] (D-NY), 2025-12-09T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Dingell, Debbie [D-MI-6] (D-MI), 2025-12-09T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Min, Dave [D-CA-47] (D-CA), 2026-01-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Espaillat, Adriano [D-NY-13] (D-NY), 2026-02-20T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Kamlager-Dove, Sydney [D-CA-37] (D-CA), 2026-02-25T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Vargas, Juan [D-CA-52] (D-CA), 2026-04-09T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Gottheimer, Josh [D-NJ-5] (D-NJ), 2026-04-09T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Cohen, Steve [D-TN-9] (D-TN), 2026-04-23T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Gomez, Jimmy [D-CA-34] (D-CA), 2026-04-23T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Craig, Angie [D-MN-2] (D-MN), 2026-04-23T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Mejia, Analilia [D-NJ-11] (D-NJ), 2026-04-27T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Tonko, Paul [D-NY-20] (D-NY), 2026-04-28T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. McBride, Sarah [D-DE-At Large] (D-DE), 2026-04-28T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. McGovern, James P. [D-MA-2] (D-MA), 2026-05-13T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Meng, Grace [D-NY-6] (D-NY), 2026-05-13T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Castor, Kathy [D-FL-14] (D-FL), 2026-05-13T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Torres, Ritchie [D-NY-15] (D-NY), 2026-05-13T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Randall, Emily [D-WA-6] (D-WA), 2026-05-15T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Sherman, Brad [D-CA-32] (D-CA), 2026-05-19T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Ansari, Yassamin [D-AZ-3] (D-AZ), 2026-05-19T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Adams, Alma S. [D-NC-12] (D-NC), 2026-05-19T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Casten, Sean [D-IL-6] (D-IL), 2026-05-26T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Watson Coleman, Bonnie [D-NJ-12] (D-NJ), 2026-06-15T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Latimer, George [D-NY-16] (D-NY), 2026-06-15T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Garcia, Robert [D-CA-42] (D-CA), 2026-06-15T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Green, Al [D-TX-9] (D-TX), 2026-06-29T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Magaziner, Seth [D-RI-2] (D-RI), 2026-06-29T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Waters, Maxine [D-CA-43] (D-CA), 2026-07-13T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Larsen, Rick [D-WA-2] (D-WA), 2026-07-13T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Menefee, Christian D. [D-TX-18] (D-TX), 2026-07-13T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Goodlander, Maggie [D-NH-2] (D-NH), 2026-07-27T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Lofgren, Zoe [D-CA-18] (D-CA), 2026-08-10T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Lynch, Stephen F. [D-MA-8] (D-MA), 2026-08-10T00:00:00.000Z
- Rep. Wilson, Frederica S. [D-FL-24] (D-FL), 2026-08-31T00:00:00.000Z

## Provisions PRIA read

- New Supreme Court appointment rules: mixed, high. If enacted, the President would have to make a Supreme Court nomination in the first and third years after a Presidential election. The Senate would have to act on each nomination within 90 days. If a nomination is withdrawn or rejected, the President would send another name and the Senate would ac…

## Related bills

- 119-hr-51: Washington, D.C. Admission Act
- 119-hr-7973: Momnibus Act
- 119-hr-15: Equality Act
- 119-hr-1589: American Dream and Promise Act of 2025
- 119-hr-2763: American Family Act
- 119-hr-17: Paycheck Fairness Act

## Sources
- [119-hr-3544 on Congress.gov](https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/3544)

## Related
- [119-hr-51: Washington, D.C. Admission Act](https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-hr-51)
- [119-hr-7973: Momnibus Act](https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-hr-7973)
- [119-hr-15: Equality Act](https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-hr-15)
- [119-hr-1589: American Dream and Promise Act of 2025](https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-hr-1589)
- [119-hr-2763: American Family Act](https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-hr-2763)
- [119-hr-17: Paycheck Fairness Act](https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-hr-17)
- [All bills in Congress](https://policyrisk.com/legislation)

Source: PRIA, https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-hr-3544 (as of 2026-11-03).