# 119-hr-9925: FRONTIER Act 119-hr-9925, FRONTIER Act, is a 119th Congress bill sponsored by Rep. Obernolte, Jay [R-CA-23] (R-CA); status introduced; PRIA reads it as touching household money (as of 2026-10-03). - Canonical: https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-hr-9925 - As of: 2026-10-03 - Plain-text twin of the page above; the HTML and this file carry the same facts. ## Facts - Bill: 119-hr-9925 - Congress: 119 - Title: FRONTIER Act - Status: introduced - Introduced: 2026-07-23 - Sponsor: Rep. Obernolte, Jay [R-CA-23] (R-CA) - Cosponsors: 11 - Policy area: Science, Technology, Communications - Touches household money: yes - Last recorded action: 2026-10-03 ## Summary **Federal oversight of the most powerful AI models** sets rules to reduce catastrophic risks by forcing transparency, independent checks, and a fast emergency stop for models that could cause mass harm or major damage. It centers on required disclosures, licensed independent verifiers, audits, and strong enforcement for high-risk "frontier" models. - Communities and public safety: The bill defines a "catastrophic risk" as harms that could kill or seriously injure more than 50 people or cause over $1.0 billion in property damage. It gives the Commerce Secretary emergency authority to suspend or limit models that pose imminent catastrophic risk. - Developers and operators: Firms that meet the Act's "frontier" thresholds must register, publish a public Frontier AI Framework, submit to annual third-party audits, and follow strict incident-reporting windows for safety events. The law targets developers above $50.0 million and very large firms above $5.0 billion in revenue. - Independent verification and enforcement: The Under Secretary will license independent verification organizations with conflict-of-interest rules and GAO will monitor market capacity. Violations of emergency orders carry civil penalties up to $10.0 million and criminal exposure including imprisonment up to 10 years. ## Cosponsors (11) - Rep. Gallagher, James [R-CA-1] (R-CA), 2026-10-01T00:00:00.000Z - Rep. Quigley, Mike [D-IL-5] (D-IL), 2026-10-01T00:00:00.000Z - Rep. Trahan, Lori [D-MA-3] (D-MA), 2026-07-23T00:00:00.000Z - Rep. Houchin, Erin [R-IN-9] (R-IN), 2026-07-23T00:00:00.000Z - Rep. Peters, Scott H. [D-CA-50] (D-CA), 2026-07-23T00:00:00.000Z - Rep. Franklin, Scott [R-FL-18] (R-FL), 2026-07-23T00:00:00.000Z - Rep. Subramanyam, Suhas [D-VA-10] (D-VA), 2026-07-23T00:00:00.000Z - Rep. Wilson, Joe [R-SC-2] (R-SC), 2026-09-16T00:00:00.000Z - Rep. Vasquez, Gabe [D-NM-2] (D-NM), 2026-09-16T00:00:00.000Z - Rep. Malliotakis, Nicole [R-NY-11] (R-NY), 2026-09-21T00:00:00.000Z - Rep. Correa, J. Luis [D-CA-46] (D-CA), 2026-09-21T00:00:00.000Z ## Provisions PRIA read - What counts as catastrophic or critical: benefit, medium. The bill would define "catastrophic risk" as a foreseeable risk that a frontier model could cause over 50 deaths or over $1 billion in property damage in a single incident. It would also define "critical safety incident," including stolen model weights, loss of control, or harms from a catastrophic… - Confidential safety reports and FOIA limits: benefit, low. The bill would require the Under Secretary to set up a confidential way to report critical safety incidents within 180 days of enactment. It would also exempt assessment reports and supporting materials given to the Under Secretary from disclosure under the Freedom of Information Act. Reporters cou… - New transparency and audit rules: cost, medium. The bill would require large frontier developers to publish a public "frontier AI framework" within one year of enactment or 90 days after qualifying. Large developers would need annual independent audits (starting within a year or 90 days after qualifying) and must publish a high-level summary and… - Federal preemption and state powers: mixed, high. The bill would stop States and localities from creating new substantive obligations on AI developers in three covered areas: risk transparency, third-party auditing/verification, and incident reporting for catastrophic risks. At the same time, States would keep power to enforce general laws that do… - Emergency orders, fines, and review: mixed, high. This bill would let the Secretary of Commerce quickly suspend or limit development, deployment, or internal use of a frontier model when there is an imminent catastrophic risk. Provisional orders could lapse after about 45 days and final orders generally last up to 90 days and can be renewed. The A… - Who counts as a regulated developer: mixed, medium. This bill would define which AI models and companies the rules cover. A "frontier model" would be one trained with more than 10^26 operations, counting original training and major updates. A "large frontier developer" would be a company (with affiliates) that in the prior 36 months had more than $5… - Rules for independent verifiers (IVOs): mixed, medium. The bill would require any company that acts as a licensed independent verification organization (IVO) to get a license under rules issued within 180 days. Licenses must show independence from the AI industry and technical qualifications, and licenses can be revoked for material misrepresentation o… ## Related bills - 119-hr-1262: Mikaela Naylon Give Kids a Chance Act - 119-hr-842: Nancy Gardner Sewell Medicare Multi-Cancer Early Detection Screening Coverage Act - 119-hr-3514: Improving Seniors’ Timely Access to Care Act of 2025 - 119-hr-1993: 25th Anniversary of 9/11 Commemorative Coin Act - 119-hr-4206: CONNECT for Health Act of 2025 - 119-hr-2853: Combating Organized Retail Crime Act of 2025 ## Sources - [119-hr-9925 on Congress.gov](https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/9925) ## Related - [119-hr-1262: Mikaela Naylon Give Kids a Chance Act](https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-hr-1262) - [119-hr-842: Nancy Gardner Sewell Medicare Multi-Cancer Early Detection Screening Coverage A…](https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-hr-842) - [119-hr-3514: Improving Seniors’ Timely Access to Care Act of 2025](https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-hr-3514) - [119-hr-1993: 25th Anniversary of 9/11 Commemorative Coin Act](https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-hr-1993) - [119-hr-4206: CONNECT for Health Act of 2025](https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-hr-4206) - [119-hr-2853: Combating Organized Retail Crime Act of 2025](https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-hr-2853) - [All bills in Congress](https://policyrisk.com/legislation) Source: PRIA, https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-hr-9925 (as of 2026-10-03).