# 119-s-485: Regulations from the Executive in Need of Scrutiny Act of 2025

119-s-485, Regulations from the Executive in Need of Scrutiny Act of 2025, is a 119th Congress bill sponsored by Sen. Paul, Rand [R-KY] (R-KY); status introduced; PRIA reads it as touching household money (as of 2026-05-03).

- Canonical: https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-s-485
- As of: 2026-05-03
- Plain-text twin of the page above; the HTML and this file carry the same facts.

## Facts
- Bill: 119-s-485
- Congress: 119
- Title: Regulations from the Executive in Need of Scrutiny Act of 2025
- Status: introduced
- Introduced: 2025-02-06
- Sponsor: Sen. Paul, Rand [R-KY] (R-KY)
- Cosponsors: 23
- Policy area: Government Operations and Politics
- Touches household money: yes
- Last recorded action: 2026-05-03

## Summary

**This bill would create a new system centered on congressional approval and budgeting of major federal rules** and would bring significant guidance documents and existing major rules into a stricter oversight, planning, and publication regime. - It would require Congress to pass a joint resolution of approval before a "major rule" could take effect, and a "major rule" would include any action with an annual economic effect of $100 million or large effects on families, workers, employment, or competition. - Agencies would have to send Congress and the Comptroller General a full rule package with cost–benefit analyses and related materials, and the Office of Management and Budget Director would set incremental regulatory cost allowances (defaulting to zero) while the Comptroller General must report on major-rule submissions within 15 days. - Major rules would automatically expire after 10 years unless reapproved, and the Director would review at least 10 percent of eligible rules each year; the bill also creates a private right of action to challenge agency compliance and limited judicial review and agency affirmative defenses.

## Cosponsors (23)

- Sen. Blackburn, Marsha [R-TN] (R-TN), 2025-02-06T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Britt, Katie Boyd [R-AL] (R-AL), 2025-02-06T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Budd, Ted [R-NC] (R-NC), 2025-02-06T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Cramer, Kevin [R-ND] (R-ND), 2025-02-06T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Crapo, Mike [R-ID] (R-ID), 2025-02-06T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Lankford, James [R-OK] (R-OK), 2025-02-06T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Lee, Mike [R-UT] (R-UT), 2025-02-06T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Lummis, Cynthia M. [R-WY] (R-WY), 2025-02-06T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Marshall, Roger [R-KS] (R-KS), 2025-02-06T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Moreno, Bernie [R-OH] (R-OH), 2025-02-06T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Risch, James E. [R-ID] (R-ID), 2025-02-06T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Scott, Rick [R-FL] (R-FL), 2025-02-06T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Rounds, Mike [R-SD] (R-SD), 2025-02-06T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Schmitt, Eric [R-MO] (R-MO), 2025-02-06T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Sheehy, Tim [R-MT] (R-MT), 2025-02-06T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Tuberville, Tommy [R-AL] (R-AL), 2025-02-06T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Grassley, Chuck [R-IA] (R-IA), 2025-02-06T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Daines, Steve [R-MT] (R-MT), 2025-02-06T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Curtis, John R. [R-UT] (R-UT), 2025-02-12T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Young, Todd [R-IN] (R-IN), 2025-02-12T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Husted, Jon [R-OH] (R-OH), 2025-03-26T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Barrasso, John [R-WY] (R-WY), 2025-07-15T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Sullivan, Dan [R-AK] (R-AK), 2026-04-15T00:00:00.000Z

## Provisions PRIA read

- Central regulatory agenda and guidance site: benefit, medium. This bill would require OMB to publish a unified regulatory agenda every April and October. Agencies would send their agendas at least 60 days beforehand and include estimated costs, benefits, deregulatory actions, and job effects or a statement that the data were not considered. OMB would set up a…
- GAO study on rule costs: benefit, low. This bill would require the Comptroller General to count how many rules are in effect, how many are "major," and estimate the total economic cost of those rules as of the date of enactment. GAO must send a report to Congress within one year.
- Major rules expire after ten years: mixed, high. This bill would make each major rule stop having effect 10 years after Congress approved it unless Congress reauthorizes it. Agencies must send a report at least 180 days before a rule's expiration. The President could delay the expiration of one rule per Congress for up to 30 days for certain emer…
- More rules counted as major: mixed, high. This bill would make many agency actions count as "major rules." A rule or guidance that likely affects the economy by $100,000,000 or more per year could be treated as a major rule. Significant guidance would be treated like a rule unless specifically excluded. Some guidance categories, like inter…
- Stronger congressional review for major rules: mixed, high. This bill would require Congress to pass a joint resolution to approve any major rule before it can take effect. If Congress does not approve within 70 session or legislative days, the rule could not take effect. Agencies would have to submit full rule text, cost‑benefit analyses including job effe…
- Federal regulatory budget and offsets: mixed, high. This bill would require OMB to set a yearly Federal Regulatory Budget that limits net incremental regulatory costs for the government and each agency. If OMB sets no allowance for an agency, that agency's default allowed net regulatory cost would be zero. Agencies could not issue a significant rule…
- Budget scoring assumes rules are effective: mixed, medium. This bill would change budget scoring so that any rule subject to the congressional approval process that affects budget authority, outlays, or receipts is assumed to be effective for scorekeepers unless Congress disapproves it. This would change how rule costs or savings appear in budget estimates.

## Related bills

- 119-s-3752: SAVE America Act
- 119-s-128: SAVE Act
- 119-sres-913: A resolution relating to the death of the Honorable Nancy Kassebaum, former United States Senator for the State of Kansas.
- 119-sres-897: A resolution honoring the life, service, and legacy of the Honorable Jon Llewellyn Kyl, former Senator for the State of Arizona.
- 119-sres-801: A resolution honoring the life and legacy of the Honorable Lindsey Olin Graham, a Senator from the State of South Carolina.
- 119-sres-755: A resolution honoring the life of the Honorable Donald W. Riegle, Jr., former Senator for the State of Michigan.

## Sources
- [119-s-485 on Congress.gov](https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/485)

## Related
- [119-s-3752: SAVE America Act](https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-s-3752)
- [119-s-128: SAVE Act](https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-s-128)
- [119-sres-913: A resolution relating to the death of the Honorable Nancy Kassebaum, former Uni…](https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-sres-913)
- [119-sres-897: A resolution honoring the life, service, and legacy of the Honorable Jon Llewel…](https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-sres-897)
- [119-sres-801: A resolution honoring the life and legacy of the Honorable Lindsey Olin Graham,…](https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-sres-801)
- [119-sres-755: A resolution honoring the life of the Honorable Donald W. Riegle, Jr., former S…](https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-sres-755)
- [All bills in Congress](https://policyrisk.com/legislation)

Source: PRIA, https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-s-485 (as of 2026-05-03).