# 119-s-545: Combating Illicit Xylazine Act

119-s-545, Combating Illicit Xylazine Act, is a 119th Congress bill sponsored by Sen. Cortez Masto, Catherine [D-NV] (D-NV); status in_committee; PRIA reads it as touching household money (as of 2026-09-17).

- Canonical: https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-s-545
- As of: 2026-09-17
- Plain-text twin of the page above; the HTML and this file carry the same facts.

## Facts
- Bill: 119-s-545
- Congress: 119
- Title: Combating Illicit Xylazine Act
- Status: in_committee
- Introduced: 2025-02-12
- Sponsor: Sen. Cortez Masto, Catherine [D-NV] (D-NV)
- Cosponsors: 35
- Policy area: Crime and Law Enforcement
- Touches household money: yes
- Last recorded action: 2026-09-17

## Summary

**This bill would add xylazine to Schedule III of the Controlled Substances Act** and create federal tracking, sentencing review, and reporting requirements to address illicit use and trafficking. - Veterinarians and animal programs: Redefines who counts as an "ultimate user" for xylazine so certain veterinarians, pharmacies filling veterinary prescriptions, animal-control and wildlife programs, and related entities can possess it for animal care. - Manufacturers and practitioners: Creates transitional exemptions and delays on new rules. It allows a one-year delay for labeling and packaging requirements and a 60-day delay for practitioner registration with an option to continue activity if registration is filed within that 60-day window. - Monitoring and penalties: Adds xylazine to the Automation of Reports and Consolidated Orders System reporting and directs the United States Sentencing Commission to review penalties considering xylazine's form and co-use with other drugs. It requires a control assessment within 30 days, an initial prevalence report in 18 months, and a follow-up in 4 years, with full evaluations posted on HHS and DOJ websites.

## Cosponsors (35)

- Sen. Cantwell, Maria [D-WA] (D-WA), 2025-02-12T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Shaheen, Jeanne [D-NH] (D-NH), 2025-02-12T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Klobuchar, Amy [D-MN] (D-MN), 2025-02-12T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Britt, Katie Boyd [R-AL] (R-AL), 2025-02-12T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Capito, Shelley Moore [R-WV] (R-WV), 2025-02-12T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Young, Todd [R-IN] (R-IN), 2025-02-12T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Kelly, Mark [D-AZ] (D-AZ), 2025-02-12T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Kaine, Tim [D-VA] (D-VA), 2025-02-12T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Risch, James E. [R-ID] (R-ID), 2025-02-12T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Grassley, Chuck [R-IA] (R-IA), 2025-02-12T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Hassan, Margaret Wood [D-NH] (D-NH), 2025-02-12T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Gillibrand, Kirsten E. [D-NY] (D-NY), 2025-02-12T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Hyde-Smith, Cindy [R-MS] (R-MS), 2025-02-12T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Scott, Rick [R-FL] (R-FL), 2025-02-12T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Rosen, Jacky [D-NV] (D-NV), 2025-02-12T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Blumenthal, Richard [D-CT] (D-CT), 2025-02-12T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Luján, Ben Ray [D-NM] (D-NM), 2025-02-12T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Wicker, Roger F. [R-MS] (R-MS), 2025-02-12T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Gallego, Ruben [D-AZ] (D-AZ), 2025-02-18T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Tillis, Thomas [R-NC] (R-NC), 2025-02-24T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Fetterman, John [D-PA] (D-PA), 2025-07-16T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Bennet, Michael F. [D-CO] (D-CO), 2025-07-22T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Lummis, Cynthia M. [R-WY] (R-WY), 2025-07-23T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Budd, Ted [R-NC] (R-NC), 2025-07-23T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. King, Angus S., Jr. [I-ME] (I-ME), 2025-07-24T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Justice, James C. [R-WV] (R-WV), 2025-09-10T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Crapo, Mike [R-ID] (R-ID), 2025-09-29T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. McCormick, David [R-PA] (R-PA), 2026-02-10T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Lankford, James [R-OK] (R-OK), 2026-02-24T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Moody, Ashley [R-FL] (R-FL), 2026-03-17T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Blackburn, Marsha [R-TN] (R-TN), 2026-03-19T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Cornyn, John [R-TX] (R-TX), 2026-03-19T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Durbin, Richard J. [D-IL] (D-IL), 2026-03-26T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Cruz, Ted [R-TX] (R-TX), 2026-03-26T00:00:00.000Z
- Sen. Merkley, Jeff [D-OR] (D-OR), 2026-06-09T00:00:00.000Z

## Provisions PRIA read

- Transition delays and help for makers: benefit, medium. This bill would delay some Schedule III rules for xylazine and speed manufacturer filings. Labeling, packaging, and distribution rules would be delayed for 1 year. Practitioner registration, inventory, and recordkeeping rules would be delayed for 60 days, and practitioners who apply within that 60-…
- Who may hold xylazine without registering: benefit, low. This bill would change who counts as an "ultimate user" for xylazine. You would not need CSA registration if a registered veterinarian or a pharmacy filling a vet prescription gave you xylazine to use on an animal you own or care for, or for an authorized government animal-control or wildlife progr…
- Required reports to Congress on xylazine: benefit, low. This bill would require several reports about xylazine. Within 30 days the Attorney General, with HHS, would submit a control assessment including the full HHS scientific review by December 31, 2025, and publish it on HHS and DOJ websites. An initial report would be due within 18 months on prevalen…
- New federal controls on xylazine: mixed, medium. This bill would add xylazine to Schedule III of the Controlled Substances Act. It would define xylazine to include salts and isomers so the rule is clear. The bill would also add xylazine to ARCOS reporting so shipments must be tracked. These steps would increase law-enforcement and public-health c…
- Sentencing review for xylazine crimes: mixed, medium. This bill would direct the U.S. Sentencing Commission to review and, if appropriate, update federal sentencing guidelines for offenses involving xylazine. The Commission would consider common forms of xylazine and when it is used with other scheduled drugs. Changes could make penalties fit xylazine…

## Related bills

- 119-s-1071: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026
- 119-s-2296: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026
- 119-sres-913: A resolution relating to the death of the Honorable Nancy Kassebaum, former United States Senator for the State of Kansas.
- 119-sres-897: A resolution honoring the life, service, and legacy of the Honorable Jon Llewellyn Kyl, former Senator for the State of Arizona.
- 119-sres-801: A resolution honoring the life and legacy of the Honorable Lindsey Olin Graham, a Senator from the State of South Carolina.
- 119-sres-755: A resolution honoring the life of the Honorable Donald W. Riegle, Jr., former Senator for the State of Michigan.

## Sources
- [119-s-545 on Congress.gov](https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/545)

## Related
- [119-s-1071: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026](https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-s-1071)
- [119-s-2296: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026](https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-s-2296)
- [119-sres-913: A resolution relating to the death of the Honorable Nancy Kassebaum, former Uni…](https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-sres-913)
- [119-sres-897: A resolution honoring the life, service, and legacy of the Honorable Jon Llewel…](https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-sres-897)
- [119-sres-801: A resolution honoring the life and legacy of the Honorable Lindsey Olin Graham,…](https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-sres-801)
- [119-sres-755: A resolution honoring the life of the Honorable Donald W. Riegle, Jr., former S…](https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-sres-755)
- [All bills in Congress](https://policyrisk.com/legislation)

Source: PRIA, https://policyrisk.com/legislation/119-s-545 (as of 2026-09-17).