Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require that the Supreme Court of the United States be composed of nine justices.
Sponsored By: Representative Johnson (SD)
Introduced
Summary
Would fix the Supreme Court at nine justices. This proposed constitutional amendment would state that the Supreme Court of the United States shall be composed of nine justices, contains no other changes to appointment, tenure, jurisdiction, or court structure, and sets a seven-year deadline for ratification. Its submission for ratification must be agreed to by two‑thirds of each House of Congress and then ratified by three‑fourths of the state legislatures to become part of the Constitution.
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Bill Overview
Analyzed Economic Effects
1 provisions identified: 0 benefits, 0 costs, 1 mixed.
Set Supreme Court at nine justices
This joint resolution would propose a constitutional amendment to set the Supreme Court at nine justices. Congress would need two-thirds of each House to send it to the states. State legislatures would have seven years to ratify. It would become part of the Constitution only if three-fourths of state legislatures ratify in that time. It would not change appointments, tenure, or the Court’s powers. If adopted, Congress could not later change the Court’s size by statute.
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Sponsors & CoSponsors
Sponsor
Johnson (SD)
SD • R
Cosponsors
Webster (FL)
FL • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rep. Fleischmann, Charles J. "Chuck" [R-TN-3]
TN • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Estes
KS • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Tenney
NY • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Hudson
NC • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Balderson
OH • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rep. Dunn, Neal P. [R-FL-2]
FL • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rep. Foxx, Virginia [R-NC-5]
NC • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rose
TN • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rep. Bacon, Don [R-NE-2]
NE • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rep. Biggs, Andy [R-AZ-5]
AZ • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Van Duyne
TX • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Feenstra
IA • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rep. Harrigan, Pat [R-NC-10]
NC • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rep. Scott, Austin [R-GA-8]
GA • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rep. Cammack, Kat [R-FL-3]
FL • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Crenshaw
TX • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rep. Finstad, Brad [R-MN-1]
MN • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Fulcher
ID • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Hageman
WY • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rouzer
NC • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rep. Zinke, Ryan K. [R-MT-1]
MT • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rep. Yakym, Rudy [R-IN-2]
IN • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rep. Guest, Michael [R-MS-3]
MS • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rep. Moolenaar, John R. [R-MI-2]
MI • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Fischbach
MN • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rutherford
FL • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rep. Moran, Nathaniel [R-TX-1]
TX • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Buchanan
FL • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rep. Letlow, Julia [R-LA-5]
LA • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rep. Thompson, Glenn [R-PA-15]
PA • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Malliotakis
NY • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rep. Houchin, Erin [R-IN-9]
IN • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rep. Fry, Russell [R-SC-7]
SC • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rep. Ezell, Mike [R-MS-4]
MS • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rep. Ogles, Andrew [R-TN-5]
TN • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Ciscomani
AZ • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rep. Weber, Randy K. Sr. [R-TX-14]
TX • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Fitzgerald
WI • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rep. Jackson, Ronny [R-TX-13]
TX • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Mann
KS • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rep. Issa, Darrell [R-CA-48]
CA • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Salazar
FL • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Amodei (NV)
NV • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rep. Harshbarger, Diana [R-TN-1]
TN • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Perry
PA • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Huizenga
MI • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rep. De La Cruz, Monica [R-TX-15]
TX • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Timmons
SC • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rep. Alford, Mark [R-MO-4]
MO • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rep. Massie, Thomas [R-KY-4]
KY • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Kelly (MS)
MS • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Franklin, Scott
FL • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Aderholt
AL • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Sessions
TX • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rogers (KY)
KY • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rep. Flood, Mike [R-NE-1]
NE • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rep. Wilson, Joe [R-SC-2]
SC • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Garbarino
NY • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Donalds
FL • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rep. Grothman, Glenn [R-WI-6]
WI • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rep. Bice, Stephanie I. [R-OK-5]
OK • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
LaLota
NY • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rep. Moore, Barry [R-AL-1]
AL • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rep. Calvert, Ken [R-CA-41]
CA • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rep. Hill, J. French [R-AR-2]
AR • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Guthrie
KY • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Miller (IL)
IL • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rep. Smith, Adrian [R-NE-3]
NE • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rep. Lawler, Michael [R-NY-17]
NY • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rep. Miller, Max L. [R-OH-7]
OH • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Schmidt
KS • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
McDowell
NC • R
Sponsored 1/23/2025
Edwards
NC • R
Sponsored 1/28/2025
Rep. James, John [R-MI-10]
MI • R
Sponsored 1/28/2025
Norman
SC • R
Sponsored 2/4/2025
Rep. Hamadeh, Abraham J. [R-AZ-8]
AZ • R
Sponsored 2/7/2025
Rep. Schweikert, David [R-AZ-1]
AZ • R
Sponsored 2/10/2025
Crane
AZ • R
Sponsored 2/10/2025
Rep. Shreve, Jefferson [R-IN-6]
IN • R
Sponsored 2/10/2025
Turner (OH)
OH • R
Sponsored 2/14/2025
Rep. Murphy, Gregory F. [R-NC-3]
NC • R
Sponsored 2/14/2025
Moore (NC)
NC • R
Sponsored 2/21/2025
Tiffany
WI • R
Sponsored 2/21/2025
Knott
NC • R
Sponsored 2/21/2025
Biggs (SC)
SC • R
Sponsored 2/25/2025
Harris (NC)
NC • R
Sponsored 3/14/2025
Rep. Palmer, Gary J. [R-AL-6]
AL • R
Sponsored 3/24/2025
Obernolte
CA • R
Sponsored 3/24/2025
Rep. Collins, Mike [R-GA-10]
GA • R
Sponsored 3/26/2025
Rep. Stefanik, Elise M. [R-NY-21]
NY • R
Sponsored 4/7/2025
Rep. Harris, Andy [R-MD-1]
MD • R
Sponsored 4/28/2025
Valadao
CA • R
Sponsored 6/3/2025
Jack
GA • R
Sponsored 6/17/2025
Loudermilk
GA • R
Sponsored 6/25/2025
Fong
CA • R
Sponsored 6/25/2025
Goldman (TX)
TX • R
Sponsored 7/15/2025
Rep. Kim, Young [R-CA-40]
CA • R
Sponsored 7/29/2025
Lee (FL)
FL • R
Sponsored 9/2/2025
Rep. Carter, Earl L. "Buddy" [R-GA-1]
GA • R
Sponsored 9/9/2025
Bilirakis
FL • R
Sponsored 9/11/2025
Rep. Hinson, Ashley [R-IA-2]
IA • R
Sponsored 10/10/2025
Rep. Barrett, Tom [R-MI-7]
MI • R
Sponsored 1/20/2026
Haridopolos
FL • R
Sponsored 3/30/2026
Roll Call Votes
No roll call votes available for this bill.
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