HR5492119th Congress

PAAF Act

Sponsored By: Representative Rep. Smith, Adam [D-WA-9]

Introduced

Summary

Creates three pathways for automatic U.S. citizenship for children internationally adopted by U.S. citizens. It would let adopted people either already living in the United States or still abroad become citizens under clear, separate rules and adds criminal screening for certain foreign cases.

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  • U.S. citizen parents: Keeps the existing naturalization route for adopted children who meet current legal definitions, and it applies that route regardless of when the adoption was finalized.
  • Adopted children living in the U.S.: People born abroad who were adopted before age 18 and were lawfully admitted and living in the legal custody of their U.S. parent would automatically become U.S. citizens if they had not already acquired citizenship before enactment.
  • Adopted children living abroad: Those who meet the same criteria except U.S. residence would become citizens when they are lawfully admitted and physically present in the United States. Grounds of inadmissibility under section 212(a) would not apply to these admission requests.
  • Background checks and coordination: For the foreign pathway a visa cannot be issued until a criminal background check is completed, and unresolved crimes must trigger coordination between the Department of Homeland Security, the Department of State, and law enforcement to address the issue.

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Bill Overview

Analyzed Economic Effects

2 provisions identified: 1 benefits, 0 costs, 1 mixed.

Automatic citizenship for international adoptees

This bill would let many internationally adopted people gain automatic U.S. citizenship. It would apply the existing child citizenship rule to adopted kids who meet federal adoption rules, no matter when the adoption was finalized. If you were born abroad and adopted by a U.S. citizen before 18, you could qualify. You must have entered lawfully and lived with that parent before 18, never had citizenship, and be lawfully living in the U.S. on enactment day. Then you would become a citizen that day. If you meet those rules but were abroad on enactment day, you would become a citizen on the day you lawfully enter.

Easier entry and background checks for adoptees

If you qualify under the foreign pathway, usual inadmissibility bars would not apply when you seek entry. You would need a criminal background check to get a visa. If the check finds an unresolved crime, Homeland Security and State would work with law enforcement to resolve it first. These rules would start on enactment; citizenship would begin on the day you lawfully enter.

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Sponsors & CoSponsors

Sponsor

Rep. Smith, Adam [D-WA-9]

WA • D

Cosponsors

  • Rep. Bacon, Don [R-NE-2]

    NE • R

    Sponsored 9/18/2025

  • Rep. Raskin, Jamie [D-MD-8]

    MD • D

    Sponsored 10/10/2025

  • Rep. Fitzpatrick, Brian K. [R-PA-1]

    PA • R

    Sponsored 10/10/2025

  • Rep. Jayapal, Pramila [D-WA-7]

    WA • D

    Sponsored 10/10/2025

  • Rep. Moore, Blake D. [R-UT-1]

    UT • R

    Sponsored 10/10/2025

  • Rep. Chu, Judy [D-CA-28]

    CA • D

    Sponsored 10/10/2025

  • Franklin, Scott

    FL • R

    Sponsored 10/10/2025

  • Rep. DelBene, Suzan K. [D-WA-1]

    WA • D

    Sponsored 2/10/2026

  • Salazar

    FL • R

    Sponsored 2/10/2026

  • Rep. Carbajal, Salud O. [D-CA-24]

    CA • D

    Sponsored 2/10/2026

  • Thompson (PA)

    PA • R

    Sponsored 2/10/2026

  • Simon

    CA • D

    Sponsored 2/10/2026

  • Stauber

    MN • R

    Sponsored 2/10/2026

  • Rep. Moore, Gwen [D-WI-4]

    WI • D

    Sponsored 2/10/2026

  • Rep. Smith, Adrian [R-NE-3]

    NE • R

    Sponsored 2/10/2026

  • Rep. Ramirez, Delia C. [D-IL-3]

    IL • D

    Sponsored 2/10/2026

  • Rep. Hill, J. French [R-AR-2]

    AR • R

    Sponsored 4/15/2026

  • Rep. Schakowsky, Janice D. [D-IL-9]

    IL • D

    Sponsored 4/15/2026

  • Rep. Hinson, Ashley [R-IA-2]

    IA • R

    Sponsored 4/15/2026

Roll Call Votes

No roll call votes available for this bill.

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