Restoring American Mineral Security Act of 2025
Sponsored By: Representative Panetta
Introduced
Summary
secure U.S. critical minerals supply chains. The bill would create a Critical Minerals Security Alliance that the United States Trade Representative (USTR) would negotiate to lock in minerals and select derivative products through coordinated duties, trade rules, and a funding trust.
Show full summary
- U.S. manufacturers and domestic miners would get dedicated financing for mining, processing, and selected manufacturing via a new Trust Fund funded by duty receipts. Funds are allocated 60% to the Department of Energy Loan Programs Office, 20% to the Department of Defense, and 20% to the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation.
- Trade partners and imports would change. Eligible members must raise duties on minerals from foreign countries of concern or adopt comparable trade remedies. Once an admittance agreement is in force, covered imports from Alliance members would be duty-free and exempt from certain U.S. tariff actions.
- National security and supply goals would be tightened. The USTR would certify members, run triennial reviews, and pursue supply coverage goals of at least 90% of the Energy Act of 2020 critical minerals list and 100% of selected derivative products.
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Bill Overview
Analyzed Economic Effects
7 provisions identified: 2 benefits, 1 costs, 4 mixed.
Trust fund to finance mineral projects
If enacted, the bill would create a Critical Minerals Trust Fund. Each fiscal year the Treasury would transfer into the fund the duties received that are attributable to mined and processed critical minerals, with transfers at least quarterly. The fund could be invested in U.S. obligations. Without further appropriation, 60% would go to the Department of Energy loan office, 20% to the Defense Department, and 20% to the International Development Finance Corporation.
Duty-free minerals from alliance members
If enacted, mined and processed critical minerals and certain derivative products imported from admitted Alliance countries would enter the United States free of most duties after an admittance agreement takes effect. Those imports would also be exempt from section 301 and section 232 actions on or after the agreement date. Some "excluded duties," like antidumping and countervailing duties, could still apply.
Higher tariffs on minerals from risky countries
If enacted, when the first Alliance admittance takes effect, mined and processed critical minerals and certain derivative products from designated "foreign countries of concern" would face the same section 301 tariff rates that applied to products from China on January 1, 2026. That change would raise import duties on those goods.
New trade rules for alliance partners
If enacted, countries that want to join the Alliance would need to raise duties on minerals from "countries of concern" to at least the U.S. section 301 rates in effect on January 1, 2026, or reach those rates within five years. They could instead adopt trade remedies comparable to U.S. law. Members must also share extraction and processing capacity, remove most duties for other members, screen investment like U.S. national-security reviews, and act against illicit shipments and forced labor.
DFC can fund higher-income partners
If enacted, the bill would let the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation support projects in upper‑middle and high‑income countries in some cases. The President must certify the project furthers U.S. economic or foreign policy, yields significant development benefits or counters a strategic competitor, and includes a U.S. participant or offers at least 50% of output first to the Defense Department and U.S. buyers.
Congress review for alliance deals
If enacted, the U.S. Trade Representative would negotiate admittance agreements and consult Commerce, Treasury, State, and Congress. The USTR must certify eligible countries and send reports to the Senate Finance and House Ways and Means Committees. An admittance would take effect only after Congress approves it in law or if 90 days pass and no disapproval law is enacted.
Definitions for covered minerals and goods
If enacted, the bill would define key terms that decide which goods and countries are covered. "Critical mineral" uses the Energy Act of 2020 list. "Derivative product" explicitly includes items like semiconductor wafers, anodes, cathodes, magnets, motors, EVs, batteries, and smartphones. It would also define "processed," "excluded duties," and what counts as a "country or entity of concern."
Sponsors & CoSponsors
Sponsor
Panetta
CA • D
Cosponsors
Kustoff
TN • R
Sponsored 12/12/2025
Bera
CA • D
Sponsored 12/18/2025
Fitzpatrick
PA • R
Sponsored 12/19/2025
Roll Call Votes
No roll call votes available for this bill.
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