Combating Illicit Xylazine Act
Sponsored By: Senator Catherine Cortez Masto
Introduced
Summary
Adds xylazine to Schedule III of the Controlled Substances Act to limit unauthorized possession and tighten tracking and penalties for illicit trafficking. The bill would tie lawful possession mostly to veterinary dispensing and specific animal-care uses while giving regulated parties time to adjust.
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Bill Overview
Analyzed Economic Effects
4 provisions identified: 2 benefits, 0 costs, 2 mixed.
Xylazine placed on Schedule III
If enacted, the bill would add xylazine to Schedule III of the Controlled Substances Act. Any material, compound, mixture, or preparation containing any amount of xylazine would be treated as a Schedule III drug unless excepted. That would make xylazine subject to Schedule III controls, licensing, recordkeeping, and criminal penalties. This change affects manufacturers, distributors, veterinarians, pharmacies, and law enforcement nationwide.
Extra time and help for manufacturers
If enacted, the bill would delay several Schedule III requirements for xylazine to ease the transition. Practitioner registration, inventory, and recordkeeping rules would be delayed 60 days, and practitioners who apply within that time could continue activities while their application is pending. Labeling, packaging, and distribution rules would be delayed one year. Existing manufacturers would not have to make immediate capital-security upgrades, and FDA and DEA would be asked to expedite required submissions.
Who may legally possess xylazine
If enacted, the bill would narrow who counts as an "ultimate user" for xylazine. Only people who get xylazine dispensed by a registered veterinarian or a pharmacy under a veterinarian's prescription could lawfully possess it, and only for specified animal uses (owned animals, animals under care, authorized animal-control or wildlife programs). The bill says those ultimate users would not have to register as controlled-substance practitioners. The rule excludes certain FDA-approved drug products.
More tracking and tougher penalties
If enacted, the bill would add xylazine to the DEA's ARCOS reporting system so manufacturers and distributors must report xylazine transactions. It would also direct the U.S. Sentencing Commission to review and, if appropriate, change federal sentencing guidance for xylazine offenses. These steps aim to improve tracking and enforcement but add reporting work and could lead to stronger penalties for unlawful distribution or possession.
Sponsors & CoSponsors
Sponsor
Catherine Cortez Masto
NV • D
Cosponsors
Maria Cantwell
WA • D
Sponsored 2/12/2025
Jeanne Shaheen
NH • D
Sponsored 2/12/2025
Amy Klobuchar
MN • D
Sponsored 2/12/2025
Katie Britt
AL • R
Sponsored 2/12/2025
Shelley Capito
WV • R
Sponsored 2/12/2025
Todd Young
IN • R
Sponsored 2/12/2025
Mark Kelly
AZ • D
Sponsored 2/12/2025
Timothy Kaine
VA • D
Sponsored 2/12/2025
James Risch
ID • R
Sponsored 2/12/2025
Chuck Grassley
IA • R
Sponsored 2/12/2025
Maggie Hassan
NH • D
Sponsored 2/12/2025
Kirsten Gillibrand
NY • D
Sponsored 2/12/2025
Cindy Hyde-Smith
MS • R
Sponsored 2/12/2025
Rick Scott
FL • R
Sponsored 2/12/2025
Jacky Rosen
NV • D
Sponsored 2/12/2025
Richard Blumenthal
CT • D
Sponsored 2/12/2025
Sen. Luján, Ben Ray [D-NM]
NM • D
Sponsored 2/12/2025
Roger Wicker
MS • R
Sponsored 2/12/2025
Ruben Gallego
AZ • D
Sponsored 2/18/2025
Thomas Tillis
NC • R
Sponsored 2/24/2025
John Fetterman
PA • D
Sponsored 7/16/2025
Michael Bennet
CO • D
Sponsored 7/22/2025
Cynthia Lummis
WY • R
Sponsored 7/23/2025
Ted Budd
NC • R
Sponsored 7/23/2025
Angus King
ME • I
Sponsored 7/24/2025
James Justice
WV • R
Sponsored 9/10/2025
Mike Crapo
ID • R
Sponsored 9/29/2025
David McCormick
PA • R
Sponsored 2/10/2026
James Lankford
OK • R
Sponsored 2/24/2026
Ashley Moody
FL • R
Sponsored 3/17/2026
Marsha Blackburn
TN • R
Sponsored 3/19/2026
John Cornyn
TX • R
Sponsored 3/19/2026
Richard Durbin
IL • D
Sponsored 3/26/2026
Ted Cruz
TX • R
Sponsored 3/26/2026
Roll Call Votes
No roll call votes available for this bill.
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