Title 12Banks and BankingRelease 119-73

§4404 Clearing organization netting

Title 12 › Chapter CHAPTER 45— - PAYMENT SYSTEM RISK REDUCTION › Subchapter SUBCHAPTER I— - BILATERAL AND CLEARING ORGANIZATION NETTING › § 4404

Last updated Apr 6, 2026|Official source

Summary

All covered contractual payment obligations (payments a member owes) and covered contractual payment entitlements (payments a member is due) between members of a clearing organization must be ended, settled, sped up, and combined (netted) under the netting contract that applies. That rule stands over other state or federal laws except section 1821(e) of this title, section 1787(c) of this title, any order under section 78eee(b)(2) of title 15, and except as provided in section 561(b)(2) of title 11. For each single netting contract, a member only has to pay its net amount and only has the right to receive its net amount; if there is no net amount, there is no payment or right. If a member has failed, its net due is paid and its net owed is set by the netting contract, and the failed member cannot claim more than its net due. Security or credit arrangements tied to such netting contracts between two members can be enforced as written and cannot be stayed, avoided, or limited except as noted above.

Full Legal Text

Title 12, §4404

Banks and Banking — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)Notwithstanding any other provision of State or Federal law (other than section 1821(e) of this title, section 1787(c) of this title, and any order authorized under section 78eee(b)(2) of title 15), the covered contractual payment obligations and the covered contractual payment entitlements of a member of a clearing organization to and from all other members of a clearing organization shall be terminated, liquidated, accelerated, and netted in accordance with and subject to the conditions of any applicable netting contract (except as provided in section 561(b)(2) of title 11).
(b)The only obligation, if any, of a member of a clearing organization to make payment with respect to covered contractual payment obligations arising under a single netting contract to any other member of a clearing organization shall be equal to its net obligation arising under that netting contract, and no such obligation shall exist if there is no net obligation.
(c)The only right, if any, of a member of a clearing organization to receive payment with respect to a covered contractual payment entitlement arising under a single netting contract from other members of a clearing organization shall be equal to its net entitlement arising under that netting contract, and no such right shall exist if there is no net entitlement.
(d)The net entitlement, if any, of any failed member of a clearing organization shall be paid to the failed member in accordance with, and subject to the conditions of, the applicable netting contract.
(e)The net obligation, if any, of any failed member of a clearing organization shall be determined in accordance with, and subject to the conditions of, the applicable netting contract.
(f)A failed member of a clearing organization shall have no recognizable claim against any member of a clearing organization for any amount based on such covered contractual payment entitlements other than its net entitlement.
(g)This section shall be given effect notwithstanding that a member is a failed member.
(h)The provisions of any security agreement or arrangement or other credit enhancement related to one or more netting contracts between any 2 members of a clearing organization shall be enforceable in accordance with their terms (except as provided in section 561(b)(2) of title 11), and shall not be stayed, avoided, or otherwise limited by any State or Federal law (other than section 1821(e) of this title, section 1787(c) of this title, and section 78eee(b)(2) of title 15).

Legislative History

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2006—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–390 struck out “paragraphs (8)(E), (8)(F), and (10)(B) of” before “section 1821(e)” and “section 1787(c)” and inserted “terminated, liquidated, accelerated, and” after “organization shall be”. Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 109–390, § 4(b)(1), struck out “paragraphs (8)(E), (8)(F), and (10)(B) of” before “section 1821(e)” and “section 1787(c)”. 2005—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–8, § 906(c)(1), added subsec. (a) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (a). Text read as follows: “Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the covered contractual payment obligations and covered contractual payment entitlements of a member of a clearing organization to and from all other members of a clearing organization shall be netted in accordance with and subject to the conditions of any applicable netting contract.” Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 109–8, § 906(c)(2), added subsec. (h).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

of 2006 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 109–390 not applicable to any cases commenced under Title 11, Bankruptcy, or to appointments made under any Federal or State law, before Dec. 12, 2006, see section 7 of Pub. L. 109–390, set out as a note under section 101 of Title 11, Bankruptcy.

Effective Date

of 2005 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 109–8 effective 180 days after Apr. 20, 2005, and not applicable with respect to cases commenced under Title 11, Bankruptcy, before such

Effective Date

, except as otherwise provided, see section 1501 of Pub. L. 109–8, set out as a note under section 101 of Title 11.

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

12 U.S.C. § 4404

Title 12Banks and Banking

Last Updated

Apr 6, 2026

Release point: 119-73