Title 15Commerce and TradeRelease 119-73

§1065 Incontestability of right to use mark under certain conditions

Title 15 › Chapter CHAPTER 22— - TRADEMARKS › Subchapter SUBCHAPTER I— - THE PRINCIPAL REGISTER › § 1065

Last updated Apr 6, 2026|Official source

Summary

If a trademark owner has used a registered mark in commerce for the same goods or services without a break for five consecutive years after registration and is still using it, the owner's right to use that mark generally becomes incontestable — meaning it can’t be easily challenged. This does not stop challenges based on the grounds that can be raised anytime under paragraphs (3), (5), and (6) of section 1064, or limits claims from someone who had a valid state or territorial right from using the mark or trade name before the registration. To get incontestable status, four things must be true: there is no final court decision against the owner’s claim of ownership or right to register or keep the mark; there is no unresolved proceeding about those rights in the Patent and Trademark Office or in a court; the owner files an affidavit within one year after the five-year period ends listing the goods or services the mark has been used for and the other required information; and the mark is not the generic name for the goods or services.

Full Legal Text

Title 15, §1065

Commerce and Trade — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

Except on a ground for which application to cancel may be filed at any time under paragraphs (3), (5), and (6) of section 1064 of this title, and except to the extent, if any, to which the use of a mark registered on the principal register infringes a valid right acquired under the law of any State or Territory by use of a mark or trade name continuing from a date prior to the date of registration under this chapter of such registered mark, the right of the owner to use such registered mark in commerce for the goods or services on or in connection with which such registered mark has been in continuous use for five consecutive years subsequent to the date of such registration and is still in use in commerce, shall be incontestable: Provided, That—
(1)there has been no final decision adverse to the owner’s claim of ownership of such mark for such goods or services, or to the owner’s right to register the same or to keep the same on the register; and
(2)there is no proceeding involving said rights pending in the United States Patent and Trademark Office or in a court and not finally disposed of; and
(3)an affidavit is filed with the Director within one year after the expiration of any such five-year period setting forth those goods or services stated in the registration on or in connection with which such mark has been in continuous use for such five consecutive years and is still in use in commerce, and other matters specified in paragraphs (1) and (2) hereof; and
(4)no incontestable right shall be acquired in a mark which is the generic name for the goods or services or a portion thereof, for which it is registered.

Legislative History

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Acts
March 3, 1881 and
February 20, 1905, referred to in text, are acts Mar. 3, 1881, ch. 138, 21 Stat. 502 and Feb. 20, 1905, ch. 592, 33 Stat. 724, which were repealed insofar as inconsistent with this chapter by act
July 5, 1946, ch. 540, § 46(a), 60 Stat. 444. Act Feb. 20, 1905, was classified to sections 81 to 109 of this title.

Amendments

2020—Pub. L. 116–260 substituted “paragraphs (3), (5), and (6)” for “paragraphs (3) and (5)” in introductory provisions. 2010—Pub. L. 111–146, § 3(b)(1), substituted “right of the owner” for “right of the registrant” in introductory provisions. Par. (1). Pub. L. 111–146, § 3(b)(2), amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: “there has been no final decision adverse to registrant’s claim of ownership of such mark for such goods or services, or to registrant’s right to register the same or to keep the same on the register; and”. Par. (2). Pub. L. 111–146, § 3(b)(3), inserted “United States” before “Patent and Trademark Office”. 1999—Pub. L. 106–113 substituted “Director” for “Commissioner” in par. (3) and in two places in concluding provisions. 1988—Pub. L. 100–667, in introductory provisions, substituted “paragraphs (3) and (5)” for “subsections (c) and (e)”, in par. (3) “paragraphs” for “subsections”, and in par. (4) “the generic name for the goods or services or a portion thereof, for which it is registered” for “the common descriptive name of any article or substance, patented or otherwise”. 1982—Pub. L. 97–247 substituted “registration” for “the publication” in provision preceding par. (1). 1975—Par. (2). Pub. L. 93–596 substituted “Patent and Trademark Office” for “Patent Office”. 1962—Pub. L. 87–772 substituted “(c) and (e) of section 1064” for “(c) and (d) of section 1064” in provision preceding par. (1), and struck out “or trade name” after “in a mark” in par. (4).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

of 2020 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 116–260 effective upon the expiration of the 1-year period beginning on Dec. 27, 2020, and applicable to any mark registered before, on, or after that

Effective Date

, see section 225(g) of div. Q of Pub. L. 116–260, set out as a note under section 1064 of this title.

Effective Date

of 1999 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 106–113 effective 4 months after Nov. 29, 1999, see section 1000(a)(9) [title IV, § 4731] of Pub. L. 106–113, set out as a note under section 1 of Title 35, Patents.

Effective Date

of 1988 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 100–667 effective one year after Nov. 16, 1988, see section 136 of Pub. L. 100–667, set out as a note under section 1051 of this title.

Effective Date

of 1982 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 97–247 effective six months after Aug. 27, 1982, see section 17(c) of Pub. L. 97–247, set out as a note under section 294 of Title 35, Patents.

Effective Date

of 1975 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 93–596 effective Jan. 2, 1975, see section 4 of Pub. L. 93–596, set out as a note under section 1111 of this title. Repeal and Effect on Existing RightsRepeal of inconsistent provisions, effect of this chapter on pending proceedings and existing registrations and rights under prior acts, see notes set out under section 1051 of this title.

Executive Documents

Transfer of Functions

For

Transfer of Functions

of other officers, employees, and agencies of Department of Commerce, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of Commerce, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan No. 5 of 1950, §§ 1, 2, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1263, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

15 U.S.C. § 1065

Title 15Commerce and Trade

Last Updated

Apr 6, 2026

Release point: 119-73