§3414 — Title 15 Commerce and Trade | U.S. Code

Summary

It makes it illegal for anyone to break any rule or requirement in this chapter or any rule made under it. The Federal Trade Commission (the Commission) can sue in federal court to stop people from breaking the rules and to make them follow the law. For violations of certain presidential orders (under sections 3362 and 3363), the President can also sue in federal court. Courts can issue temporary or longer-lasting orders to stop bad acts, make people comply, and require refunds or other remedies without requiring a bond. The Commission can send evidence of possible antitrust crimes to the Attorney General for criminal charges. If a person knowingly breaks the law or its rules, civil penalties up to $1,000,000 can be assessed (the President can assess penalties for the specific orders under sections 3362 and 3363). “Knowing” means either actual knowledge or what a reasonable person in the same situation would know. Each day of a continuing violation counts as a separate violation. Civil penalties generally cannot be charged for violations that happened more than 3 years before notice of a proposed penalty, except when false statements or missing facts were involved. The Commission must give notice before assessing a penalty, and if the penalty is not paid within 60 days, the Commission can ask a court to affirm it; the court will review the case anew. Criminally, a person who knowingly and willfully breaks the chapter can be fined up to $1,000,000, imprisoned up to 5 years, or both. Violating rules or orders can also produce fines up to $50,000 per day, and violations of the specific presidential orders can carry fines up to $50,000 per violation.

Title 15, §3414

Commerce and Trade — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)It shall be unlawful for any person to violate any provision of this chapter or any rule or order under this chapter.

(b)(1)Except as provided in paragraph (2), whenever it appears to the Commission that any person is engaged or about to engage in any act or practice which constitutes or will constitute a violation of any provision of this chapter, or of any rule or order thereunder, the Commission may bring an action in the District Court of the United States for the District of Columbia or any other appropriate district court of the United States to enjoin such act or practice and to enforce compliance with this chapter, or any rule or order thereunder.

(2)Whenever it appears to the President that any person has engaged, is engaged, or is about to engage in acts or practices constituting a violation of any order under section 3362 of this title or any order or supplemental order issued under section 3363 of this title, the President may bring a civil action in any appropriate district court of the United States to enjoin such acts or practices.

(3)

(4)In any action under paragraph (1) or (2), the court shall, upon a proper showing, issue a temporary restraining order or preliminary or permanent injunction without bond. In any such action, the court may also issue a mandatory injunction commanding any person to comply with any applicable provision of law, rule, or order, or ordering such other legal or equitable relief as the court determines appropriate, including refund or restitution.

(5)The Commission may transmit such evidence as may be available concerning any acts or practices constituting any possible violations of the Federal antitrust laws to the Attorney General who may institute appropriate criminal proceedings.

(6)(A)Any person who knowingly violates any provision of this chapter, or any provision of any rule or order under this chapter, shall be subject to—

(i)except as provided in clause (ii) a civil penalty, which the Commission may assess, of not more than $1,000,000 for any one violation; and

(ii)a civil penalty, which the President may assess, of not more than $1,000,000, in the case of any violation of an order under section 3362 of this title or an order or supplemental order under section 3363 of this title.

(B)For purposes of subparagraph (A) the term “knowing” means the having of—

(i)actual knowledge; or

(ii)the constructive knowledge deemed to be possessed by a reasonable individual who acts under similar circumstances.

(C)For purposes of this paragraph, in the case of a continuing violation, each day of violation shall constitute a separate violation.

(D)No person shall be subject to any civil penalty under this paragraph with respect to any violation occurring more than 3 years before the date on which such person is provided notice of the proposed penalty under subparagraph (E). The preceding sentence shall not apply in any case in which an untrue statement of material fact was made to the Commission or a State or Federal agency by, or acquiesced to by, the violator with respect to the acts or omissions constituting such violation, or if there was omitted a material fact necessary in order to make any statement made by, or acquiesced to by, the violator with respect to such acts or omissions not misleading in light of circumstances under such statement was made.

(E)Before assessing any civil penalty under this paragraph, the Commission shall provide to such person notice of the proposed penalty. Following receipt of notice of the proposed penalty by such person, the Commission shall, by order, asssess 11 So in original. Probably should be “assess”. such penalty.

(F)If the civil penalty has not been paid within 60 calendar days after the assessment order has been made under subparagraph (E), the Commission shall institute an action in the appropriate district court of the United States for an order affirming the assessment of the civil penalty. The court shall have authority to review de novo the law and the facts involved, and shall have jurisdiction to enter a judgment enforcing, modifying, and enforcing as so modified, or setting aside in whole or in part, such assessment.

(c)(1)Except in the case of violations covered under paragraph (3), any person who knowingly and willfully violates any provision of this chapter shall be subject to—

(A)a fine of not more than $1,000,000; or

(B)imprisonment for not more than 5 years; or

(C)both such fine and such imprisonment.

(2)Except in the case of violations covered under paragraph (3), any person who knowingly and willfully violates any rule or order under this chapter (other than an order of the Commission assessing a civil penalty under subsection (b)(4)(E)), shall be subject to a fine of not more than $50,000 for each day on which the offense occurs.

(3)Any person who knowingly and willfully violates an order under section 3362 of this title or an order or supplemental order under section 3363 of this title shall be fined not more than $50,000 for each violation.

(4)For purposes of this subsection, each day of violation shall constitute a separate violation.

(5)For purposes of this subsection, the term “knowingly”, when used with respect to any act or omission by any person, means such person—

(A)had actual knowledge; or

(B)had constructive knowledge deemed to be possessed by a reasonable individual who acts under similar circumstances.

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2005—Subsec. (b)(6)(A). Pub. L. 109–58, § 314(b)(2), substituted “$1,000,000” for “$5,000” in cl. (i) and “$1,000,000” for “$25,000” in cl. (ii). Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 109–58, § 314(a)(2)(A), substituted “$1,000,000” for “$5,000” in subpar. (A) and “5 years” for “two years” in subpar. (B). Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 109–58, § 314(a)(2)(B), substituted “$50,000 for each day on which the offense occurs” for “$500 for each violation”. 1989—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–60, § 3(b)(6), struck out par. (2) designation and par. (1) making it unlawful to sell natural gas at a first sale price in excess of any applicable maximum lawful price under this chapter. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–60, § 3(a)(4), substituted “paragraph (2)” for “paragraphs (2) and (3)” in par. (1), struck out par. (3) which related to

Enforcement

of incremental pricing, and substituted “paragraph (1) or (2)” for “paragraph (1), (2), or (3)” in par. (4).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

of 1989 AmendmentAmendment by section 3(b)(6) of Pub. L. 101–60 effective Jan. 1, 1993, see section 3(b) of Pub. L. 101–60, set out as a note under section 3372 of this title.

§3414 Enforcement