PRIA Logo™
Take the PRIA Score
Title 16 — ConservationRelease 119-73

§1435 Application of regulations; international negotiations and cooperation

Title 16 › Chapter CHAPTER 32— - MARINE SANCTUARIES › § 1435

Last updated Apr 6, 2026|Official source

Summary

The chapter and its rules must be used according to accepted international law and any treaties or agreements the United States has joined. Rules cannot be applied to someone who is not a U.S. citizen, national, or resident alien unless doing so follows accepted international law or an agreement with that person’s country, or an agreement with the flag state of a foreign ship if the person is a crew member. The Secretary of State must work with the Secretary to negotiate with other governments to protect national marine sanctuaries and support their goals. The Secretary must also work with the Secretary of State and other federal agencies to cooperate with other countries and international groups, following regional and multilateral arrangements, to protect and manage special marine areas.

Full Legal Text

Title 16, §1435

Conservation — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)This chapter and the regulations issued under section 1434 of this title shall be applied in accordance with generally recognized principles of international law, and in accordance with treaties, conventions, and other agreements to which the United States is a party. No regulation shall apply to or be enforced against a person who is not a citizen, national, or resident alien of the United States, unless in accordance with—
(1)generally recognized principles of international law;
(2)an agreement between the United States and the foreign state of which the person is a citizen; or
(3)an agreement between the United States and the flag state of a foreign vessel, if the person is a crewmember of the vessel.
(b)The Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary, shall take appropriate action to enter into negotiations with other governments to make necessary arrangements for the protection of any national marine sanctuary and to promote the purposes for which the sanctuary is established.
(c)The Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of State and other appropriate Federal agencies, shall cooperate with other governments and international organizations in furtherance of the purposes and policies of this chapter and consistent with applicable regional and mutilateral 11 So in original. Probably should be “multilateral”. arrangements for the protection and management of special marine areas.

Legislative History

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1992—Pub. L. 102–587, § 2105(b), substituted “; international negotiations and cooperation” for “and international negotiations” in section catchline. Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–587, § 2105(a)(1), substituted “This chapter and the

Regulations

” for “The

Regulations

” and inserted “or be enforced against” after “apply to”. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–587, § 2105(a)(2), added subsec. (c).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

International CooperationFor direction that the Secretary of State seek effective international action and cooperation through the development of appropriate international

Rules and Regulations

in support of the policy of this chapter and chapter 27 of Title 33, Navigation and Navigable Waters, see section 1419 of Title 33.

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

16 U.S.C. § 1435

Title 16 — Conservation

Last Updated

Apr 6, 2026

Release point: 119-73