§824 — Title 16 Conservation | U.S. Code

Summary

Federal regulators must oversee the transmission of electric power across state lines and the sale of power at wholesale because delivering electricity to the public is a matter of public interest. That federal oversight covers only things states do not already regulate. The federal commission has authority over facilities that move electricity in interstate commerce and wholesale power sales, but it normally does not control power plants, local distribution systems, transmission that stays inside one state, or facilities that use all the power they make. Specific listed provisions — sections 824b(a)(2), 824e(e), 824i, 824j, 824j-1, 824k, 824o, 824o-1, 824p, 824q, 824r, 824s, 824t, 824u, and 824v — apply to the entities named in those parts, and the commission can enforce those parts against them. Following an order under those parts does not give the commission wider control beyond enforcing those parts. Electric energy counts as sent in interstate commerce if it goes from one state and is used in another, as long as it happens inside the United States. A wholesale sale means selling power to someone who will resell it. “Public utility” means a person who owns or runs facilities the commission can regulate under this part. The United States, states, local governments, certain rural electric co-ops (those that get Rural Electrification Act financing or sell less than 4,000,000 megawatt hours a year), and wholly owned agencies or their employees are not covered unless a rule names them. A state utility commission can order inspections of records for utilities and certain related sellers, must protect trade secrets, and can ask a federal district court in that state to enforce the order. The usual terms like “affiliate” and “holding company” have the same meanings as in the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 2005.

Title 16, §824

Conservation — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)It is declared that the business of transmitting and selling electric energy for ultimate distribution to the public is affected with a public interest, and that Federal regulation of matters relating to generation to the extent provided in this subchapter and subchapter III of this chapter and of that part of such business which consists of the transmission of electric energy in interstate commerce and the sale of such energy at wholesale in interstate commerce is necessary in the public interest, such Federal regulation, however, to extend only to those matters which are not subject to regulation by the States.

(b)(1)The provisions of this subchapter shall apply to the transmission of electric energy in interstate commerce and to the sale of electric energy at wholesale in interstate commerce, but except as provided in paragraph (2) shall not apply to any other sale of electric energy or deprive a State or State commission of its lawful authority now exercised over the exportation of hydroelectric energy which is transmitted across a State line. The Commission shall have jurisdiction over all facilities for such transmission or sale of electric energy, but shall not have jurisdiction, except as specifically provided in this subchapter and subchapter III of this chapter, over facilities used for the generation of electric energy or over facilities used in local distribution or only for the transmission of electric energy in intrastate commerce, or over facilities for the transmission of electric energy consumed wholly by the transmitter.

(2)Notwithstanding subsection (f), the provisions of section 824b(a)(2), 824e(e), 824i, 824j, 824j–1, 824k, 824o, 824o–1, 824p, 824q, 824r, 824s, 824t, 824u, and 824v of this title shall apply to the entities described in such provisions, and such entities shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the Commission for purposes of carrying out such provisions and for purposes of applying the enforcement authorities of this chapter with respect to such provisions. Compliance with any order or rule of the Commission under the provisions of section 824b(a)(2), 824e(e), 824i, 824j, 824j–1, 824k, 824o, 824o–1, 824p, 824q, 824r, 824s, 824t, 824u, or 824v of this title, shall not make an electric utility or other entity subject to the jurisdiction of the Commission for any purposes other than the purposes specified in the preceding sentence.

(c)For the purpose of this subchapter, electric energy shall be held to be transmitted in interstate commerce if transmitted from a State and consumed at any point outside thereof; but only insofar as such transmission takes place within the United States.

(d)The term “sale of electric energy at wholesale” when used in this subchapter, means a sale of electric energy to any person for resale.

(e)The term “public utility” when used in this subchapter and subchapter III of this chapter means any person who owns or operates facilities subject to the jurisdiction of the Commission under this subchapter (other than facilities subject to such jurisdiction solely by reason of section 824e(e), 824e(f),11 So in original. section 824e of this title does not contain a subsec. (f). 824i, 824j, 824j–1, 824k, 824o, 824o–1, 824p, 824q, 824r, 824s, 824t, 824u, or 824v of this title).

(f)No provision in this subchapter shall apply to, or be deemed to include, the United States, a State or any political subdivision of a State, an electric cooperative that receives financing under the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C. 901 et seq.) or that sells less than 4,000,000 megawatt hours of electricity per year, or any agency, authority, or instrumentality of any one or more of the foregoing, or any corporation which is wholly owned, directly or indirectly, by any one or more of the foregoing, or any officer, agent, or employee of any of the foregoing acting as such in the course of his official duty, unless such provision makes specific reference thereto.

(g)(1)Upon written order of a State commission, a State commission may examine the books, accounts, memoranda, contracts, and records of—

(A)an electric utility company subject to its regulatory authority under State law,

(B)any exempt wholesale generator selling energy at wholesale to such electric utility, and

(C)any electric utility company, or holding company thereof, which is an associate company or affiliate of an exempt wholesale generator which sells electric energy to an electric utility company referred to in subparagraph (A),

(2)Where a State commission issues an order pursuant to paragraph (1), the State commission shall not publicly disclose trade secrets or sensitive commercial information.

(3)Any United States district court located in the State in which the State commission referred to in paragraph (1) is located shall have jurisdiction to enforce compliance with this subsection.

(4)Nothing in this section shall—

(A)preempt applicable State law concerning the provision of records and other information; or

(B)in any way limit rights to obtain records and other information under Federal law, contracts, or otherwise.

(5)As used in this subsection the terms “affiliate”, “associate company”, “electric utility company”, “holding company”, “subsidiary company”, and “exempt wholesale generator” shall have the same meaning as when used in the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 2005 [42 U.S.C. 16451 et seq.].

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Rural Electrification Act of 1936, referred to in subsec. (f), is act May 20, 1936, ch. 432, 49 Stat. 1363, which is classified generally to chapter 31 (§ 901 et seq.) of Title 7, Agriculture. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 901 of Title 7 and Tables. The Public Utility Holding Company Act of 2005, referred to in subsec. (g)(5), is subtitle F of title XII of Pub. L. 109–58, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 972, which is classified principally to part D (§ 16451 et seq.) of subchapter XII of chapter 149 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see

Short Title

note set out under section 15801 of Title 42 and Tables.

Amendments

2015—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 114–94, § 61003(b)(1), inserted “824o–1,” after “824o,” in two places. Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 114–94, § 61003(b)(2), inserted “824o–1,” after “824o,”. 2005—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 109–58, § 1295(a)(1), substituted “Notwithstanding subsection (f), the provisions of section 824b(a)(2), 824e(e), 824i, 824j, 824j–1, 824k, 824o, 824p, 824q, 824r, 824s, 824t, 824u, and 824v of this title” for “The provisions of section 824i, 824j, and 824k of this title” and “Compliance with any order or rule of the Commission under the provisions of section 824b(a)(2), 824e(e), 824i, 824j, 824j–1, 824k, 824o, 824p, 824q, 824r, 824s, 824t, 824u, or 824v of this title” for “Compliance with any order of the Commission under the provisions of section 824i or 824j of this title”. Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–58, § 1295(a)(2), substituted “section 824e(e), 824e(f), 824i, 824j, 824j–1, 824k, 824o, 824p, 824q, 824r, 824s, 824t, 824u, or 824v of this title” for “section 824i, 824j, or 824k of this title”. Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 109–58, § 1291(c), which directed amendment of subsec. (f) by substituting “political subdivision of a State, an electric cooperative that receives financing under the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C. 901 et seq.) or that sells less than 4,000,000 megawatt hours of electricity per year,” for “political subdivision of a state,”, was executed by making the substitution for “political subdivision of a State,” to reflect the probable intent of Congress. Subsec. (g)(5). Pub. L. 109–58, § 1277(b)(1), substituted “2005” for “1935”. 1992—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 102–486 added subsec. (g). 1978—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–617, § 204(b)(1), designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted “except as provided in paragraph (2)” after “in interstate commerce, but”, and added par. (2). Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 95–617, § 204(b)(2), inserted “(other than facilities subject to such jurisdiction solely by reason of section 824i, 824j, or 824k of this title)” after “under this subchapter”.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

of 2005 AmendmentAmendment by section 1277(b)(1) of Pub. L. 109–58 effective 6 months after Aug. 8, 2005, with provisions relating to effect of compliance with certain

Regulations

approved and made effective prior to such date, see section 1274 of Pub. L. 109–58, set out as an

Effective Date

note under section 16451 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. State Authorities;

Construction

Nothing in amendment by Pub. L. 102–486 to be construed as affecting or intending to affect, or in any way to interfere with, authority of any State or local government relating to environmental protection or siting of facilities, see section 731 of Pub. L. 102–486, set out as a note under section 796 of this title. Prior Actions; Effect On Other Authorities Pub. L. 95–617, title II, § 214, Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3149, provided that: “(a) Prior Actions.—No provision of this title [enacting section 823a, 824i to 824k, 824a–1 to 824a–3 and 825q–1 of this title, amending section 796, 824, 824a, 824d, and 825d of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 824a, 824d, and 825d of this title] or of any amendment made by this title shall apply to, or affect, any action taken by the Commission [Federal Energy Regulatory Commission] before the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 9, 1978]. “(b) Other Authorities.—No provision of this title [enacting section 823a, 824i to 824k, 824a–1 to 824a–3 and 825q–1 of this title, amending section 796, 824, 824a, 824d, and 825d of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 824a, 824d, and 825d of this title] or of any amendment made by this title shall limit, impair or otherwise affect any authority of the Commission or any other agency or instrumentality of the United States under any other provision of law except as specifically provided in this title.”

§824 Declaration of policy; application of subchapter

Summary

Title 16, §824

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Short Title

Amendments

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Regulations

Effective Date

Construction

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