Title 18Crimes and Criminal ProcedureRelease 119-73

§39B Unsafe operation of unmanned aircraft

Title 18 › Part PART I— - CRIMES › Chapter CHAPTER 2— - AIRCRAFT AND MOTOR VEHICLES › § 39B

Last updated Apr 6, 2026|Official source

Summary

Makes it a crime to fly a drone in ways that put people on a manned aircraft in immediate danger while the aircraft is operating in the special aircraft jurisdiction of the United States. That includes knowingly interfering with or disrupting such an aircraft, or doing so recklessly. It also makes it a crime to knowingly fly a drone without permission inside a runway exclusion zone. A runway exclusion zone is a rectangle centered on an active runway at airports where the surrounding airspace is class B, C, or D at the surface under part 71 of title 14; it extends 1 statute mile beyond each end of the runway and is 1/2 statute mile wide. For most violations the penalty can be a fine, up to 1 year in jail, or both. If someone recklessly causes serious bodily injury or death while interfering, the penalty can be a fine, up to 10 years in prison, or both. If someone knowingly interferes or knowingly flies in the runway exclusion zone and causes, tries to cause, or plans to cause serious bodily injury or death, the penalty can be a fine and imprisonment for any term of years or for life.

Full Legal Text

Title 18, §39B

Crimes and Criminal Procedure — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)Any person who operates an unmanned aircraft and:
(1)Knowingly interferes with, or disrupts the operation of, an aircraft carrying 1 or more occupants operating in the special aircraft jurisdiction of the United States, in a manner that poses an imminent safety hazard to such occupants, shall be punished as provided in subsection (c).
(2)Recklessly interferes with, or disrupts the operation of, an aircraft carrying 1 or more occupants operating in the special aircraft jurisdiction of the United States, in a manner that poses an imminent safety hazard to such occupants, shall be punished as provided in subsection (c).
(b)(1)Any person who, without authorization, knowingly operates an unmanned aircraft within a runway exclusion zone shall be punished as provided in subsection (c).
(2)In this subsection, the term “runway exclusion zone” means a rectangular area—
(A)centered on the centerline of an active runway of an airport immediately around which the airspace is designated as class B, class C, or class D airspace at the surface under part 71 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations; and
(B)the length of which extends parallel to the runway’s centerline to points that are 1 statute mile from each end of the runway and the width of which is ½ statute mile.
(c)(1)Except as provided in paragraph (2), the punishment for an offense under subsection 11 So in original. Probably should be “subsection”. (a) or (b) shall be a fine under this title, imprisonment for not more than 1 year, or both.
(2)Any person who:
(A)Causes serious bodily injury or death during the commission of an offense under subsection (a)(2) shall be fined under this title, imprisoned for a term of up to 10 years, or both.
(B)Causes, or attempts or conspires to cause, serious bodily injury or death during the commission of an offense under subsections (a)(1) and (b) shall be fined under this title, imprisoned for any term of years or for life, or both.

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

18 U.S.C. § 39B

Title 18Crimes and Criminal Procedure

Last Updated

Apr 6, 2026

Release point: 119-73