Title 21Food and DrugsRelease 119-73

§387a FDA authority over tobacco products

Title 21 › Chapter CHAPTER 9— - FEDERAL FOOD, DRUG, AND COSMETIC ACT › Subchapter SUBCHAPTER IX— - TOBACCO PRODUCTS › § 387a

Last updated Apr 6, 2026|Official source

Summary

The Food and Drug Administration must regulate tobacco products under this part. That includes cigarettes, cigarette tobacco, roll-your-own tobacco, smokeless tobacco, and any other products the FDA says belong here. It also covers tobacco products that claim lower risk if the FDA has issued an order under section 387k, and any product with nicotine that is not made or taken from tobacco. These products are not covered by subchapter V. The FDA’s rulemaking must follow the normal federal rule process (chapter 5 of title 5). The law does not change how the FDA regulates non-tobacco products under other laws. Tobacco leaf and tobacco growers are not covered unless they are also tobacco product manufacturers or controlled by one; a grower who only grows under contract and does not make products is not covered. FDA staff may not enter a tobacco farm without the grower’s written consent. Within 90 days after June 22, 2009, the FDA had to set up a Center for Tobacco Products to run this program. The FDA must also have an office to help small tobacco product makers with technical, nonmoney help, and it should try to consult other federal agencies before making rules.

Full Legal Text

Title 21, §387a

Food and Drugs — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)Tobacco products, including modified risk tobacco products for which an order has been issued in accordance with section 387k of this title, shall be regulated by the Secretary under this subchapter and shall not be subject to the provisions of subchapter V.
(b)This subchapter shall apply to all cigarettes, cigarette tobacco, roll-your-own tobacco, and smokeless tobacco and to any other tobacco products that the Secretary by regulation deems to be subject to this subchapter. This subchapter shall also apply to any tobacco product containing nicotine that is not made or derived from tobacco.
(c)(1)Nothing in this subchapter, or any policy issued or regulation promulgated thereunder, or in section 101(a), 102, or 103 of title I, title II, or title III of the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act, shall be construed to affect, expand, or limit the Secretary’s authority over (including the authority to determine whether products may be regulated), or the regulation of, products under this chapter that are not tobacco products under subchapter V or any other subchapter.
(2)(A)The provisions of this subchapter shall not apply to tobacco leaf that is not in the possession of a manufacturer of tobacco products, or to the producers of tobacco leaf, including tobacco growers, tobacco warehouses, and tobacco grower cooperatives, nor shall any employee of the Food and Drug Administration have any authority to enter onto a farm owned by a producer of tobacco leaf without the written consent of such producer.
(B)Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), if a producer of tobacco leaf is also a tobacco product manufacturer or controlled by a tobacco product manufacturer, the producer shall be subject to this subchapter in the producer’s capacity as a manufacturer. The exception in this subparagraph shall not apply to a producer of tobacco leaf who grows tobacco under a contract with a tobacco product manufacturer and who is not otherwise engaged in the manufacturing process.
(C)Nothing in this subchapter shall be construed to grant the Secretary authority to promulgate regulations on any matter that involves the production of tobacco leaf or a producer thereof, other than activities by a manufacturer affecting production.
(d)Each rulemaking under this subchapter shall be in accordance with chapter 5 of title 5. This subsection shall not be construed to affect the rulemaking provisions of section 102(a) of the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act [21 U.S.C. 387a–1(a)].
(e)Not later than 90 days after June 22, 2009, the Secretary shall establish within the Food and Drug Administration the Center for Tobacco Products, which shall report to the Commissioner of Food and Drugs in the same manner as the other agency centers within the Food and Drug Administration. The Center shall be responsible for the implementation of this subchapter and related matters assigned by the Commissioner.
(f)The Secretary shall establish within the Food and Drug Administration an identifiable office to provide technical and other nonfinancial assistance to small tobacco product manufacturers to assist them in complying with the requirements of this chapter.
(g)Prior to promulgating rules under this subchapter, the Secretary shall endeavor to consult with other Federal agencies as appropriate.

Legislative History

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(1), is div. A of Pub. L. 111–31, June 22, 2009, 123 Stat. 1776. section 101(a) of title I of the Act amended section 321 of this title. section 102 of title I of the Act enacted section 387a–1 of this title. section 103 of title I of the Act amended section 331, 333, 334, 355, 360m, 372 to 374, 375, 379a, 381, 393, 399, and 679 of this title and enacted provisions set out as notes under section 331, 333, and 387c of this title. Title II of the Act amended section 1333, 1334, 4402, and 4406 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, and enacted provisions set out as notes under section 1333 and 4402 of Title 15. Title III of the Act enacted section 387t of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see

Short Title

of 2009 Amendment note set out under section 301 of this title and Tables.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 901 of act June 25, 1938, was renumbered section 1001 and is classified to section 391 of this title.

Amendments

2022—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 117–103 inserted at end “This subchapter shall also apply to any tobacco product containing nicotine that is not made or derived from tobacco.”

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

of 2022 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 117–103 effective 30 days after Mar. 15, 2022, see section 111(c) of Pub. L. 117–103, div. P, title I, Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 789, set out as a note under section 321 of this title.

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

21 U.S.C. § 387a

Title 21Food and Drugs

Last Updated

Apr 6, 2026

Release point: 119-73