Title 22Foreign Relations and IntercourseRelease 119-73

§2347c Exchange training; reciprocity agreement

Title 22 › Chapter CHAPTER 32— - FOREIGN ASSISTANCE › Subchapter SUBCHAPTER II— - MILITARY ASSISTANCE AND SALES › Part Part V— - International Military Education and Training › § 2347c

Last updated Apr 6, 2026|Official source

Summary

The President can let foreign military personnel attend U.S. professional military schools (not service academies) for free if each U.S. school has a one-for-one student exchange with a matching foreign or international school every fiscal year. The President can also let foreign military and civilian defense personnel attend U.S. flight training and test pilot schools for free, again only when there is a one-for-one exchange each fiscal year with comparable foreign flight schools. The President may set up cooperative programs in Southwest Asia for both foreign and U.S. military and civilian defense people to take post-undergraduate flying, tactical leadership, and integrated air-and-missile-defense training at no charge to the foreign participants and without using the funds set aside for this part of the program. The training must meet U.S. requirements. Each country must give a fair share of support, though the President can waive that rule if he decides it’s important for U.S. national security. U.S. costs are paid from the current budget accounts of the U.S. agencies involved, and the President must report to the right congressional committees every year on these activities.

Full Legal Text

Title 22, §2347c

Foreign Relations and Intercourse — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)In carrying out this part, the President is authorized to provide for attendance of foreign military personnel at professional military education institutions in the United States (other than service academies) without charge, and without charge to funds available to carry out this part (notwithstanding section 2392(d) of this title), if such attendance is pursuant to an agreement providing for the exchange of students on a one-for-one, reciprocal basis each fiscal year between those United States professional military education institutions and comparable institutions of foreign countries and international organizations.
(b)The President may provide for the attendance of foreign military and civilian defense personnel at flight training schools and programs (including test pilot schools) in the United States without charge, and without charge to funds available to carry out this part (notwithstanding section 2392(d) of this title), if such attendance is pursuant to an agreement providing for the exchange of students on a one-for-one basis each fiscal year between those United States flight training schools and programs (including test pilot schools) and comparable flight training schools and programs of foreign countries.
(c)(1)The President is authorized to enter into cooperative arrangements providing for the participation of foreign and United States military and civilian defense personnel in post-undergraduate flying training and tactical leadership programs and integrated air and missile defense programs at training locations in Southwest Asia without charge to participating foreign countries, and without charge to funds available to carry out this part (notwithstanding section 2392(d) of this title). Such training must satisfy common requirements with the United States for post-undergraduate flying and tactical leadership training and integrated air and missile defense training.
(2)Cooperative arrangements under this subsection shall require an equitable contribution of support and services from each participating country. The President may waive the requirement for an equitable contribution of a participating foreign country if he determines that to do so is important to the national security interests of the United States.
(3)Costs incurred by the United States shall be charged to the current applicable appropriations accounts or funds of the participating United States Government agencies.
(4)The President shall report to the appropriate congressional committees (as defined in section 2416(e) of this title) annually on the activities undertaken in the programs authorized under this subsection.

Legislative History

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2014—Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 113–276 added par. (4). 2013—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 113–66 inserted “and integrated air and missile defense programs” after “tactical leadership programs” and “and integrated air and missile defense training” after “tactical leadership training”. 2002—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 107–228 added subsec. (c). 1996—Pub. L. 104–164 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1985, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 99–83, set out as an

Effective Date

of 1985 Amendment note under section 2151–1 of this title. Authority for Exchange Training Through Specified Professional Military Education Institution Outside United States Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title IX, § 935, Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1538, provided that: “(a) Authority.—The United States Army Russian Institute in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Federal Republic of Germany, shall be treated for purposes of section 544 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2347c) as if it were located in the United States. “(b) Expiration of Authority.—Subsection (a) shall cease to be in effect upon the enactment in foreign assistance authorizing legislation of an amendment to section 544 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 that provides the same authority as is provided by subsection (a).”

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions For delegation of functions of President under this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 12163, Sept. 29, 1979, 44 F.R. 56673, as amended, set out as a note under section 2381 of this title.

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

22 U.S.C. § 2347c

Title 22Foreign Relations and Intercourse

Last Updated

Apr 6, 2026

Release point: 119-73