Title 22Foreign Relations and IntercourseRelease 119-73

§3616 Joint Commission on the Environment

Title 22 › Chapter CHAPTER 51— - PANAMA CANAL › Subchapter SUBCHAPTER I— - ADMINISTRATION AND REGULATIONS › Part Part 1— - Panama Canal Commission › § 3616

Last updated Apr 6, 2026|Official source

Summary

The United States and the Republic of Panama must set up a Joint Commission on the Environment under the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977. It will have no more than three U.S. members and three Panamanian members, unless the two governments agree to different numbers. The U.S. members must review how the Treaty affects the environment and, together with Panama’s members, recommend ways for both governments to avoid or lessen harmful environmental effects from actions under the Treaty. U.S. members are appointed by the President and serve at the President’s pleasure. They get no salary but may receive travel and per diem under section 3617. Federal employees detailed to the Commission keep their pay and benefits. U.S. members may hire staff and set pay if money is provided in advance by Congress. The Commission may make rules of procedure with Panama’s members, but both governments must approve those rules.

Full Legal Text

Title 22, §3616

Foreign Relations and Intercourse — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)The United States and the Republic of Panama, in accordance with the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977, shall establish a Joint Commission on the Environment (hereinafter in this section referred to as the “Joint Commission”) to be composed of not more than three representatives of the United States and three representatives of the Republic of Panama, or such other equivalent numbers of representatives as may be agreed upon by the Governments of the two countries. The United States members of the Joint Commission shall periodically review the implementation of the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977 with respect to its impact on the environment and shall, jointly with the representatives of the Government of Panama, make recommendations to the United States Government and the Government of the Republic of Panama with respect to ways to avoid or mitigate adverse environmental impacts resulting from actions taken pursuant to such Treaty.
(b)Representatives of the United States on the Joint Commission shall be appointed by the President and shall serve at the pleasure of the President. Such representatives shall serve without compensation but shall be allowed travel or transportation expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, in accordance with section 3617 of this title.
(c)Any Federal employee subject to the civil service laws and regulations who is detailed to serve with, or appointed by, the United States representatives on the Joint Commission shall not lose any pay, seniority, or other rights or benefits by reason of such detail or appointment.
(d)The United States representatives on the Joint Commission may, to such extent or in such amounts as are provided in advance in appropriation Acts, appoint and fix the compensation of such personnel as the representatives of the United States on the Joint Commission may consider necessary for the participation of the United States on the Joint Commission.
(e)The United States representatives on the Joint Commission may, in cooperation with the representatives of the Republic of Panama on the Joint Commission, establish rules of procedure to be used by the Joint Commission in conducting its affairs, subject to the approval of such rules by the Governments of the United States and the Republic of Panama.

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

22 U.S.C. § 3616

Title 22Foreign Relations and Intercourse

Last Updated

Apr 6, 2026

Release point: 119-73