Title 22Foreign Relations and IntercourseRelease 119-73

§5414 Debt-for-equity swaps and other special techniques

Title 22 › Chapter CHAPTER 63— - SUPPORT FOR EAST EUROPEAN DEMOCRACY (SEED) › Subchapter SUBCHAPTER I— - STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT › § 5414

Last updated Apr 6, 2026|Official source

Summary

The President must look for and support new ways to reduce the debts owed to governments and businesses by East European countries that have made real progress toward democracy and a more open economy. Even if other laws say otherwise, the President may sell U.S. government-held debt of those countries to private buyers at a discount, but only if the sale helps create debt-for-equity or debt-for-development swaps. In those swaps, the buyer gives the debt back in exchange for local money, policy promises, other assets for development, or ownership shares in a company the government used to own.

Full Legal Text

Title 22, §5414

Foreign Relations and Intercourse — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)The President shall take all appropriate actions to explore and encourage innovative approaches to the reduction of the government-to-government and commercial debt burden of East European countries which have taken substantive steps toward political democracy and economic pluralism.
(b)Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the President may undertake the discounted sale, to private purchasers, of United States Government debt obligations of an East European country which has taken substantive steps toward political democracy and economic pluralism, subject to subsection (c).
(c)An obligation may be sold under subsection (b) only if the sale will facilitate so-called debt-for-equity or debt-for-development swaps wherein such newly privatized debt is exchanged by the new holder of the obligation for—
(1)local currencies, policy commitments, or other assets needed for development or other economic activities, or
(2)for an equity interest in an enterprise theretofore owned by the particular East European government.

Legislative History

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions Functions of President under this section delegated to Secretary of the Treasury by section 4 of Ex. Ord. No. 12703, Feb. 20, 1990, 55 F.R. 6351, set out as a note under section 5401 of this title.

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

22 U.S.C. § 5414

Title 22Foreign Relations and Intercourse

Last Updated

Apr 6, 2026

Release point: 119-73