Title 25IndiansRelease 119-73

§3056 Prohibition on disclosure

Title 25 › Chapter CHAPTER 32A— - CULTURAL AND HERITAGE COOPERATION AUTHORITY › § 3056

Last updated Apr 6, 2026|Official source

Summary

The Secretary must not release, under the Freedom of Information Act, details about human remains or cultural objects that were reburied on National Forest land. The Secretary also must keep private information about resources, cultural items, uses, or activities that have a traditional cultural purpose and were given to the Forest Service by an Indian or Indian tribe with a clear promise they would be kept confidential. The Secretary also does not have to give out the identity, use, or exact location of traditional tribal sites or other cultural items not covered by the reburial rule. The Secretary can disclose reburial information only after talking with the affected Indian tribe or a lineal descendant, deciding that sharing it will further the law’s purposes and is needed to protect the remains or items from harm, theft, or destruction, and trying to reduce any harm the tribe or descendant warns about. For other traditional sites or cultural items, the Secretary may disclose only after consulting tribes and only if the disclosure will further the law’s purposes, will not create an unreasonable risk of harm, theft, or destruction (including for individual specimens), and is allowed under other laws.

Full Legal Text

Title 25, §3056

Indians — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)(1)The Secretary shall not disclose under section 552 of title 5 (commonly known as the “Freedom of Information Act”), information relating to—
(A)subject to subsection (b)(l),11 So in original. Probably should be “(b)(1),”. human remains or cultural items reburied on National Forest System land under section 3053 of this title; or
(B)subject to subsection (b)(2), resources, cultural items, uses, or activities that—
(i)have a traditional and cultural purpose; and
(ii)are provided to the Secretary by an Indian or Indian tribe under an express expectation of confidentiality in the context of forest and rangeland research activities carried out under the authority of the Forest Service.
(2)Subject to subsection (b)(2), the Secretary shall not be required to disclose information under section 552 of title 5 (commonly known as the “Freedom of Information Act”), concerning the identity, use, or specific location in the National Forest System of—
(A)a site or resource used for traditional and cultural purposes by an Indian tribe; or
(B)any cultural items not covered under section 3053 of this title.
(b)(1)The Secretary may disclose information described in subsection (a)(l)(A) 22 So in original. Probably should be “(a)(1)(A)”. if, before the disclosure, the Secretary—
(A)consults with an affected Indian tribe or lineal descendent;
(B)determines that disclosure of the information—
(i)would advance the purposes of this chapter; and
(ii)is necessary to protect the human remains or cultural items from harm, theft, or destruction; and
(C)attempts to mitigate any adverse impacts identified by an Indian tribe or lineal descendant that reasonably could be expected to result from disclosure of the information.
(2)The Secretary, in consultation with appropriate Indian tribes, may disclose information described under paragraph (1)(B) or (2) of subsection (a) if the Secretary determines that disclosure of the information to the public—
(A)would advance the purposes of this chapter;
(B)would not create an unreasonable risk of harm, theft, or destruction of the resource, site, or object, including individual organic or inorganic specimens; and
(C)would be consistent with other applicable laws.

Legislative History

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

Codification Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 enacted identical sections. Pub. L. 110–234 was repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 8701 of Title 7, Agriculture. Definition of “Secretary”“Secretary” as meaning the Secretary of Agriculture, see section 8701 of Title 7, Agriculture.

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

25 U.S.C. § 3056

Title 25Indians

Last Updated

Apr 6, 2026

Release point: 119-73