Title 26 — Internal Revenue CodeRelease 119-73
§4982 Excise tax on undistributed income of regulated investment companies
Title 26 › Subtitle Subtitle D— - Miscellaneous Excise Taxes › Chapter CHAPTER 44— - QUALIFIED INVESTMENT ENTITIES › § 4982
Summary
A regulated investment company must pay a tax equal to 4% of any shortfall between what it was required to distribute for a calendar year and what it actually distributed. The required distribution is 98% of the company’s ordinary income plus 98.2% of its capital gain net income for the one-year period ending October 31. That required amount is increased by any prior-year shortfall, where the prior year’s “grossed up” required amount is figured using 100% instead of 98% and 98.2%. The distributed amount is the company’s dividend deduction plus certain amounts taxed under the RIC rules for taxable years ending in that calendar year. The distributed amount can be adjusted up or down for prior-year carryovers and, if elected, for qualified estimated tax payments (which then reduce next year’s distributed amount). The tax must be paid by March 15 following the calendar year. Ordinary income and capital gain net income are calculated using the company’s usual tax rules, with special timing rules for gains, losses, mark-to-market items, and companies with non-calendar years. The tax does not apply for any year when every shareholder is a specified tax-exempt owner (for example certain retirement trusts, life-insurance separate accounts, other similar tax-exempt entities, or another regulated investment company).
Full Legal Text
Title 26, §4982
Internal Revenue Code — Source: USLM XML via OLRC
(a)There is hereby imposed a tax on every regulated investment company for each calendar year equal to 4 percent of the excess (if any) of—
(1)the required distribution for such calendar year, over
(2)the distributed amount for such calendar year.
(b)For purposes of this section—
(1)The term “required distribution” means, with respect to any calendar year, the sum of—
(A)98 percent of the regulated investment company’s ordinary income for such calendar year, plus
(B)98.2 percent of the regulated investment company’s capital gain net income for the 1-year period ending on October 31 of such calendar year.
(2)The amount determined under paragraph (1) for any calendar year shall be increased by the excess (if any) of—
(A)the grossed up required distribution for the preceding calendar year, over
(B)the distributed amount for such preceding calendar year.
(3)The grossed up required distribution for any calendar year is the required distribution for such year determined—
(A)with the application of paragraph (2) to such taxable year, and
(B)by substituting “100 percent” for each percentage set forth in paragraph (1).
(c)For purposes of this section—
(1)The term “distributed amount” means, with respect to any calendar year, the sum of—
(A)the deduction for dividends paid (as defined in section 561) during such calendar year, and
(B)any amount on which tax is imposed under subsection (b)(1) or (b)(3)(A) of section 852 for any taxable year ending in such calendar year.
(2)The amount determined under paragraph (1) for any calendar year shall be increased by the excess (if any) of—
(A)the distributed amount for the preceding calendar year (determined with the application of this paragraph to such preceding calendar year), over
(B)the grossed up required distribution for such preceding calendar year.
(3)The amount of the dividends paid during any calendar year shall be determined without regard to—
(A)the provisions of section 855, and
(B)any exempt-interest dividend as defined in section 852(b)(5).
(4)(A)In the case of a regulated investment company which elects the application of this paragraph for any calendar year—
(i)the distributed amount with respect to such company for such calendar year shall be increased by the amount on which qualified estimated tax payments are made by such company during such calendar year, and
(ii)the distributed amount with respect to such company for the following calendar year shall be reduced by the amount of such increase.
(B)For purposes of this paragraph, the term “qualified estimated tax payments” means, with respect to any calendar year, payments of estimated tax of a tax described in paragraph (1)(B) for any taxable year which begins (but does not end) in such calendar year.
(d)The tax imposed by this section for any calendar year shall be paid on or before March 15 of the following calendar year.
(e)For purposes of this section—
(1)The term “ordinary income” means the investment company taxable income (as defined in section 852(b)(2)) determined—
(A)without regard to subparagraphs (A) and (D) of section 852(b)(2),
(B)by not taking into account any gain or loss from the sale or exchange of a capital asset, and
(C)by treating the calendar year as the company’s taxable year.
(2)(A)Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the term “capital gain net income” has the meaning given such term by section 1222(9) (determined by treating the 1-year period ending on October 31 of any calendar year as the company’s taxable year).
(B)The amount determined under subparagraph (A) shall be reduced (but not below the net capital gain) by the amount of the company’s net ordinary loss for the calendar year.
(C)For purposes of this paragraph—
(i)The term “net capital gain” has the meaning given such term by section 1222(11) (determined by treating the 1-year period ending on October 31 of the calendar year as the company’s taxable year).
(ii)The net ordinary loss for the calendar year is the amount which would be the net operating loss of the company for the calendar year if the amount of such loss were determined in the same manner as ordinary income is determined under paragraph (1).
(3)In the case of any deficiency dividend (as defined in section 860(f))—
(A)such dividend shall be taken into account when paid without regard to section 860, and
(B)any income giving rise to the adjustment shall be treated as arising when the dividend is paid.
(4)(A)If—
(i)the taxable year of the regulated investment company ends with the month of November or December, and
(ii)such company makes an election under this paragraph,
(B)An election under this paragraph, once made, may be revoked only with the consent of the Secretary.
(5)(A)Any specified gain or specified loss which (but for this paragraph) would be properly taken into account for the portion of the calendar year after October 31 shall be treated as arising on January 1 of the following calendar year.
(B)For purposes of this paragraph—
(i)The term “specified gain” means ordinary gain from the sale, exchange, or other disposition of property (including the termination of a position with respect to such property). Such term shall include any foreign currency gain attributable to a section 988 transaction (within the meaning of section 988) and any amount includible in gross income under section 1296(a)(1).
(ii)The term “specified loss” means ordinary loss from the sale, exchange, or other disposition of property (including the termination of a position with respect to such property). Such term shall include any foreign currency loss attributable to a section 988 transaction (within the meaning of section 988) and any amount allowable as a deduction under section 1296(a)(2).
(C)In the case of any company making an election under paragraph (4), subparagraph (A) shall be applied by substituting the last day of the company’s taxable year for October 31.
(6)(A)For purposes of determining a regulated investment company’s ordinary income, notwithstanding paragraph (1)(C), each specified mark to market provision shall be applied as if such company’s taxable year ended on October 31. In the case of a company making an election under paragraph (4), the preceding sentence shall be applied by substituting the last day of the company’s taxable year for October 31.
(B)For purposes of this paragraph, the term “specified mark to market provision” means section 1256 and 1296 and any other provision of this title (or regulations thereunder) which treats property as disposed of on the last day of the taxable year or which determines income by reference to the value of an item on the last day of the taxable year.
(7)Except as provided in regulations prescribed by the Secretary, in the case of a regulated investment company which has a taxable year other than the calendar year—
(A)such company may elect to determine its ordinary income and net ordinary loss (as defined in paragraph (2)(C)(ii)) for the calendar year without regard to any portion of any net ordinary loss (determined without regard to specified gains and losses taken into account under paragraph (5)) which is attributable to the portion of such calendar year which is after the beginning of the taxable year which begins in such calendar year, and
(B)any amount of net ordinary loss not taken into account for a calendar year by reason of subparagraph (A) shall be treated as arising on the 1st day of the following calendar year.
(f)This section shall not apply to any regulated investment company for any calendar year if at all times during such calendar year each shareholder in such company was—
(1)a trust described in section 401(a) and exempt from tax under section 501(a),
(2)a segregated asset account of a life insurance company held in connection with variable contracts (as defined in section 817(d)),
(3)any other tax-exempt entity whose ownership of beneficial interests in the company would not preclude the application of section 817(h)(4), or
(4)another regulated investment company described in this subsection.
Legislative History
Notes & Related Subsidiaries
Editorial Notes
Amendments
2014—Subsec. (e)(6)(B). Pub. L. 113–295, § 205(d)(1), inserted “or which determines income by reference to the value of an item on the last day of the taxable year” before period at end. Subsec. (e)(7)(A). Pub. L. 113–295, § 205(d)(2), substituted “such company may elect to determine its ordinary income and net ordinary loss (as defined in paragraph (2)(C)(ii)) for the calendar year without regard to any portion of any net ordinary loss” for “such company may elect to determine its ordinary income for the calendar year without regard to any net ordinary loss”. Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 113–295, § 220(s), inserted comma at end. 2010—Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 111–325, § 404(a), substituted “98.2 percent” for “98 percent”. Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 111–325, § 403(a), added par. (4). Subsec. (e)(5) to (7). Pub. L. 111–325, § 402(a), added pars. (5) to (7) and struck out former pars. (5) and (6) which related to treatment of foreign currency gains and losses after October 31 of calendar year and treatment of gain recognized under section 1296, respectively. Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 111–325, § 401(a)(1), struck out “either” before dash at end of introductory provisions. Subsec. (f)(3), (4). Pub. L. 111–325, § 401(a)(2)–(4), added pars. (3) and (4). 1997—Subsec. (e)(6). Pub. L. 105–34 added par. (6). 1989—Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 101–239 substituted “98 percent” for “97 percent”. 1988—Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 100–647, § 1006(l)(2), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: “The term ‘capital gain net income’ has the meaning given to such term by section 1222(9) (determined by treating the 1-year period ending on October 31 of any calendar year as the company’s taxable year).” Subsec. (e)(5). Pub. L. 100–647, § 1006(l)(5), added par. (5). Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 100–647, § 1006(l)(6), added subsec. (f). 1987—Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 100–203 substituted “98 percent” for “90 percent”.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date
of 2014 AmendmentAmendment by section 205(d) of Pub. L. 113–295 effective as if included in the provision of the Regulated Investment Company Modernization Act of 2010, Pub. L. 111–325, to which such amendment relates, with
Savings Provision
in certain cases of an election by a regulated investment company under section 852(b)(8) of this title, see section 205(f) of Pub. L. 113–295, set out as a note under section 852 of this title.
Effective Date
of 2010 Amendment Pub. L. 111–325, title IV, § 401(b), Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3552, provided that: “The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to calendar years beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 22, 2010].” Pub. L. 111–325, title IV, § 402(b), Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3553, provided that: “The
Amendments
made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to calendar years beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 22, 2010].” Pub. L. 111–325, title IV, § 403(b), Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3554, provided that: “The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to calendar years beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 22, 2010].” Pub. L. 111–325, title IV, § 404(b), Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3554, provided that: “The
Amendments
made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to calendar years beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 22, 2010].”
Effective Date
of 1997 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 105–34 applicable to taxable years of United States persons beginning after Dec. 31, 1997, and to taxable years of foreign corporations ending with or within such taxable years of United States persons, see section 1124 of Pub. L. 105–34, set out as a note under section 532 of this title.
Effective Date
of 1989 Amendment Pub. L. 101–239, title VII, § 7204(a)(2), Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2334, provided that: “The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall apply to calendar years ending after July 10, 1989.”
Effective Date
of 1988 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 100–647 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provision of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, Pub. L. 99–514, to which such amendment relates, see section 1019(a) of Pub. L. 100–647, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.
Effective Date
of 1987 Amendment Pub. L. 100–203, title X, § 10104(b)(2), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–387, provided that: “The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall take effect as if included in the
Amendments
made by section 651 of the Tax Reform Act of 1986 [section 651 of Pub. L. 99–514, see
Effective Date
note below].”
Effective Date
Pub. L. 99–514, title VI, § 651(d), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2297, provided that: “The
Amendments
made by this section [enacting this section and amending section 852 and 855 of this title] shall apply to calendar years beginning after December 31, 1986.”
Reference
Citations & Metadata
Citation
26 U.S.C. § 4982
Title 26 — Internal Revenue Code
Last Updated
Apr 6, 2026
Release point: 119-73