§63 Taxable income defined

2025—Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 119–21, § 70201(b), added par. (5). Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 119–21, § 70202(b), added par. (6). Subsec. (b)(7). Pub. L. 119–21, § 70203(b), added par. (7). Subsec. (c)(7). Pub. L. 119–21, § 70102(a), substituted “beginning after 2017” for “2018 through 2025” in heading and struck out “, and before

January 1, 2026” after “

December 31, 2017” in introductory provisions. Subsec. (c)(7)(A)(i). Pub. L. 119–21, § 70102(b)(1), substituted “$23,625” for “$18,000”. Subsec. (c)(7)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 119–21, § 70102(b)(2), substituted “$15,750” for “$12,000”. Subsec. (c)(7)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 119–21, § 70102(b)(1)–(3), substituted “2025” for “2018”, “$23,625” for “$18,000”, and “$15,750” for “$12,000” in introductory provisions. Subsec. (c)(7)(B)(ii)(II). Pub. L. 119–21, § 70102(b)(4), substituted “2024” for “2017”. 2020—Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 116–260, § 212(b)(1), added par. (4). Subsec. (d)(2), (3). Pub. L. 116–260, § 212(b)(2), added par. (2) and struck out former pars. (2) and (3) which read as follows: “(2) the deduction for personal exemptions provided by section 151, and “(3) any deduction provided in section 199A.” 2018—Subsecs. (b)(3), (d)(3). Pub. L. 115–141 substituted “any deduction” for “the deduction”. 2017—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 115–97, § 11011(b)(2), added par. (3). Subsec. (c)(4)(B). Pub. L. 115–97, § 11002(d)(1)(K), substituted “for ‘calendar year 2016’ in subparagraph (A)(ii)” for “for ‘calendar year 1992’ in subparagraph (B)” in introductory provisions. Subsec. (c)(7). Pub. L. 115–97, § 11021(a), added par. (7). Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 115–97, § 11011(b)(3), added par. (3). 2014—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 113–295, § 221(a)(13)(A), added subpars. (A) and (B) and struck out former subpars. (A) to (E) which read as follows: “(A) the basic standard deduction, “(B) the additional standard deduction, “(C) in the case of any taxable year beginning in 2008 or 2009, the real property tax deduction, “(D) the disaster loss deduction, and “(E) the motor vehicle sales tax deduction.” Subsec. (c)(7) to (9). Pub. L. 113–295, § 221(a)(13)(B), struck out pars. (7) to (9) which related to real property tax deduction, disaster loss deduction, and motor vehicle sales tax deduction, respectively. 2009—Subsec. (c)(1)(E). Pub. L. 111–5, § 1008(c)(1), added subpar. (E). Subsec. (c)(9). Pub. L. 111–5, § 1008(c)(2), added par. (9). 2008—Subsec. (c)(1)(C). Pub. L. 110–343, § 204(a), inserted “or 2009” after “2008”. Pub. L. 110–289, § 3012(a), added subpar. (C). Subsec. (c)(1)(D). Pub. L. 110–343, § 706(b)(1), added subpar. (D). Subsec. (c)(7). Pub. L. 110–289, § 3012(b), added par. (7). Subsec. (c)(8). Pub. L. 110–343, § 706(b)(2), added par. (8). 2004—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 108–311, § 101(b)(1), reenacted heading without change and amended text generally, substituting provisions relating to a specific percentage for provisions relating to applicable percentage in subpar. (A), redesignating subpar. (D) as (C), and deleting former subpar. (C) relating to married individuals filing separately. Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 108–311, § 101(b)(2)(A), substituted “(2)(C)” for “(2)(D)” in introductory provisions and in subpar. (B)(i). Subsec. (c)(7). Pub. L. 108–311, § 101(b)(2)(B), struck out par. (7) which related to applicable percentage for purposes of par. (2). 2003—Subsec. (c)(7). Pub. L. 108–27 inserted table item relating to years 2003 and 2004. 2002—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 107–147, § 411(e)(1)(E), inserted “If any amount determined under subparagraph (A) is not a multiple of $50, such amount shall be rounded to the next lowest multiple of $50.” at end. Subsec. (c)(2)(A). Pub. L. 107–147, § 411(e)(1)(A), substituted “subparagraph (D)” for “subparagraph (C)”. Subsec. (c)(2)(B). Pub. L. 107–147, § 411(e)(1)(B), struck out “or” at end. Subsec. (c)(2)(C), (D). Pub. L. 107–147, § 411(e)(1)(C), (D), added subpar. (C) and redesignated former subpar. (C) as (D). Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 107–147, § 411(e)(2)(C), which directed amendment by striking out the flush sentence at the end added by section 301(c)(2) of Public Law 107–17, was executed by striking out “The preceding sentence shall not apply to the amount referred to in paragraph (2)(A).”, which was inserted by section 301(c)(2) of Pub. L. 107–16, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. See 2001 Amendment note below. Pub. L. 107–147, § 411(e)(2)(A), substituted “paragraph (2)(B), (2)(D), or (5)” for “paragraph (2) or (5)” in introductory provisions. Subsec. (c)(4)(B)(i). Pub. L. 107–147, § 411(e)(2)(B), substituted “paragraph (2)(B), (2)(D),” for “paragraph (2)”. 2001—Subsec. (c)(2)(A). Pub. L. 107–16, § 301(a)(1), substituted “the applicable percentage of the dollar amount in effect under subparagraph (C) for the taxable year” for “$5,000”. Subsec. (c)(2)(B). Pub. L. 107–16, § 301(a)(2), inserted “or” at end. Subsec. (c)(2)(C). Pub. L. 107–16, § 301(a)(3), substituted “in any other case.” for “in the case of an individual who is not married and who is not a surviving spouse or head of household, or”. Subsec. (c)(2)(D). Pub. L. 107–16, § 301(a)(4), struck out subpar. (D) which read as follows: “$2,500 in the case of a married individual filing a separate return.” Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 107–16, § 301(c)(2), inserted at end “The preceding sentence shall not apply to the amount referred to in paragraph (2)(A).” Subsec. (c)(7). Pub. L. 107–16, § 301(b), added par. (7). 1997—Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 105–34, § 1201(a)(2), in introductory provisions, substituted “(5)” for “(5)(A)” and, in subpar. (B), substituted “by substituting for ‘calendar year 1992’ in subparagraph (B) thereof—” for “by substituting ‘calendar year 1987’ for ‘calendar year 1992’ in subparagraph (B) thereof” and added cls. (i) and (ii). Subsec. (c)(5)(B). Pub. L. 105–34, § 1201(a)(1), substituted “the sum of $250 and such individual’s earned income” for “such individual’s earned income”. 1993—Subsec. (c)(4)(B). Pub. L. 103–66 substituted “1992” for “1989”. 1990—Subsec. (c)(4)(B). Pub. L. 101–508, § 11101(d)(1)(D), inserted before period at end “, by substituting ‘calendar year 1987’ for ‘calendar year 1989’ in subparagraph (B) thereof”. Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 101–508, § 11801(a)(4), struck out subsec. (h) “Transitional rule for taxable years beginning in 1987” which read as follows: “In the case of any taxable year beginning in 1987, paragraph (2) of subsection (c) shall be applied— “(1) by substituting ‘$3,760’ for ‘$5,000’, “(2) by substituting ‘$2,540’ for ‘$4,400’, “(3) by substituting ‘$2,540’ for ‘$3,000’, and “(4) by substituting ‘$1,880’ for ‘$2,500’. The preceding sentence shall not apply if the taxpayer is entitled to an additional amount determined under subsection (f) (relating to additional amount for aged and blind) for the taxable year.” 1988—Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 100–647 substituted “basic standard deduction” for “standard deduction” in heading and text. 1986—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–514, § 102(a), substituted “In general” for “Corporations” in heading and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “For purposes of this subtitle, in the case of a corporation, the term ‘taxable income’ means gross income minus the deductions allowed by this chapter.” Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99–514, § 102(a), substituted “Individuals who do not itemize their deductions” for “Individuals” in heading and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “For purposes of this subtitle, in the case of an individual, the term ‘taxable income’ means adjusted gross income— “(1) reduced by the sum of— “(A) the excess itemized deductions, “(B) the deductions for personal exemptions provided by section 151, and “(C) the direct charitable deduction, and “(2) increased (in the case of an individual for whom an unused zero bracket amount computation is provided by subsection (e)) by the unused zero bracket amount (if any).” Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 99–514, § 102(a), substituted “Standard deduction” for “Excess itemized deductions” in heading and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “For purposes of this subtitle, the term ‘excess itemized deductions’ means the excess (if any) of— “(1) the itemized deductions, over “(2) the zero bracket amount.” Subsec. (c)(6)(C) to (E). Pub. L. 99–514, § 1272(d)(6), redesignated subpars. (D) and (E) as (C) and (D), respectively, and struck out former subpar. (C) which read as follows: “a citizen of the United States entitled to the benefits of section 931 (relating to income from sources within possessions of the United States),”. Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 99–514, § 102(a), substituted “Itemized deductions” for “Zero bracket amount” in heading and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (d) read as follows: “For purposes of this subtitle, the term ‘zero bracket amount’ means— “(1) in the case of an individual to whom subsection (a), (b), (c), or (d) of section 1 applies, the maximum amount of taxable income on which no tax is imposed by the applicable subsection of section 1, or “(2) zero in any other case.” Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 99–514, § 102(a), substituted “Election to itemize” for “Unused zero bracket amount” in heading. Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 99–514, § 102(a), substituted “In general” for “Individuals for whom computation must be made” in heading and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “A computation for the taxable year shall be made under this subsection for the following individuals: “(A) a married individual filing a separate return where either spouse itemized deductions, “(B) a nonresident alien individual, “(C) a citizen of the United States entitled to the benefits of section 931 (relating to income from sources within possessions of the United States), and “(D) an individual with respect to whom a deduction under section 151(e) is allowable to another taxpayer for a taxable year beginning in the calendar year in which the individual’s taxable year begins.” Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 99–514, § 102(a), substituted “Time and manner of election” for “Computation” in heading and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “For purposes of this subtitle, an individual’s unused zero bracket amount for the taxable year is an amount equal to the excess (if any) of— “(A) the zero bracket amount, over “(B) the itemized deductions. In the case of an individual referred to in paragraph (1)(D), if such individual’s earned income (as defined in section 911(d)(2)) exceeds the itemized deductions, such earned income shall be substituted for the itemized deductions in subparagraph (B).” Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 99–514, § 102(a), in amending subsec. (e) generally, added par. (3). Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 99–514, § 102(a), substituted “Aged or blind additional amounts” for “Itemized deductions” in heading and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “For purposes of this subtitle, the term ‘itemized deductions’ means the deductions allowable by this chapter other than— “(1) the deductions allowable in arriving at adjusted gross income, “(2) the deductions for personal exemptions provided by section 151, and “(3) the direct charitable deduction.” Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 99–514, § 102(a), amended subsec. (g) generally, substituting provision that marital status be determined under section 7703 for provisions relating to election to itemize. See subsec. (e). Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 99–514, § 102(a), substituted “Transitional rule for taxable years beginning in 1987” for “Marital status” in heading and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “For purposes of this section, marital status shall be determined under section 143.” Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 99–514, § 102(a), in amending section generally, struck out subsec. (i), “Direct charitable deduction”, which read as follows: “For purposes of this section, the term ‘direct charitable deduction’ means that portion of the amount allowable under section 170(a) which is taken as a direct charitable deduction for the taxable year under section 170(i).” 1981—Subsec. (b)(1)(C). Pub. L. 97–34, § 121(b)(1), added subpar. (C). Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 97–34, § 104(b), substituted a blanket reference to individuals to whom subsection (a), (b), (c), or (d) of section 1 applies and the maximum amount of taxable income on which no tax is imposed by the applicable subsection of section 1 for provisions specifically referring to amounts of $3,400 in the case of (A) a joint return under section 6013, or (B) a surviving spouse (as defined in section 2(a)), $2,300 in the case of an individual who is not married and who is not a surviving spouse (as so defined), and $1,700 in the case of a married individual filing a separate return. Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 97–34, § 111(b)(4), substituted “section 911(d)(2)” for “section 911(b)” in provisions following subpar. (B). Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 97–34, § 121(c)(2), added par. (3). Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 97–34, § 121(b)(2), added subsec. (i). 1978—Pub. L. 95–600 substituted “$3,400” for “$3,200” in par. (1), “$2,300” for “$2,200” in par. (2), and “$1,700” for “$1,600” in par. (3). 1977—Pub. L. 95–30 completely revised definition of taxable income from one using the concept of a standard deduction and consisting of subsecs. (a) and (b) entitled, respectively, “General rule” and “Individuals electing standard deduction” to definition using the concepts of zero bracket amounts and excess itemized deductions and consisting of subsecs. (a) to (h) entitled, respectively, “Corporations”, “Individuals”, “Excess itemized deductions”, “Zero bracket amount”, “Unused zero bracket amount”, “Itemized deductions”, “Election to itemize”, and “Marital status”.

made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after

December 31, 2024.” Amendment by section 70201(b) of Pub. L. 119–21 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 2024, see section 70201(j) of Pub. L. 119–21, set out as a note under section 45B of this title. Pub. L. 119–21, title VII, § 70202(g),

July 4, 2025, 139 Stat. 175, provided that: “The

of 2008 Amendment Pub. L. 110–343, div. C, title II, § 204(b), Oct. 3, 2008, 122 Stat. 3865, provided that: “The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after

December 31, 2008.” Amendment by section 706(b)(1), (2) of Pub. L. 110–343 applicable to disasters declared in taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 2007, see section 706(d)(1) of Pub. L. 110–343, set out as a note under section 56 of this title. Pub. L. 110–289, div. C, title I, § 3012(c),

July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2892, provided that: “The