§7429 — Title 26 Internal Revenue Code | U.S. Code

Summary

Any assessment under 6851(a), 6852(a), 6861(a), or 6862, or any levy under 6331(a), cannot be made less than 30 days after notice and demand unless the Chief Counsel for the Internal Revenue Service (or that person’s delegate) personally approves the action in writing. Within 5 days after an assessment or levy is made, the Secretary must give the taxpayer a written statement of the facts used. The taxpayer has 30 days after getting that statement (or 30 days after the date it should have been given) to ask the Secretary for a review. After the taxpayer asks for a review, the Secretary must decide whether the assessment or levy was reasonable and whether the amount assessed or demanded was appropriate. A taxpayer may sue for a decision in court. The suit must start within 90 days after either the Secretary’s review decision or the 16th day after the taxpayer’s review request, whichever comes first. Except in certain cases where a timely Tax Court petition under section 6213(a) already covers the same taxes and periods, only the United States district courts may hear the case. The court must decide the issues within 20 days after the case starts. If the court finds the levy or assessment unreasonable, or the amount wrong, it can order the levy released, the assessment reduced or canceled, or take other fitting action. The court may extend the 20-day deadline up to 40 more days if the taxpayer shows good reason. Saturdays, Sundays, and District of Columbia legal holidays do not count as the last day of any time period. A district court action must be filed in the judicial district described in 28 U.S.C. 1402(a)(1) or (2). If the Tax Court lacks authority to hear the case, it may transfer the case to the proper district court and the filing date will count as the original filing date. Court decisions under these rules are final. In court, the Secretary must prove that the levy or assessment was reasonable. For disputes about the amount, the Secretary must give a written statement of the information used, but the taxpayer has the burden of proof.

Title 26, §7429

Internal Revenue Code — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)(1)(A)No assessment may be made under section 6851(a), 6852(a), 6861(a), or 6862, and no levy may be made under section 6331(a) less than 30 days after notice and demand for payment is made, unless the Chief Counsel for the Internal Revenue Service (or such Counsel’s delegate) personally approves (in writing) such assessment or levy.

(B)Within 5 days after the day on which such an assessment or levy is made, the Secretary shall provide the taxpayer with a written statement of the information upon which the Secretary relied in making such assessment or levy.

(2)Within 30 days after the day on which the taxpayer is furnished the written statement described in paragraph (1), or within 30 days after the last day of the period within which such statement is required to be furnished, the taxpayer may request the Secretary to review the action taken.

(3)After a request for review is made under paragraph (2), the Secretary shall determine—

(A)whether or not—

(i)the making of the assessment under section 6851, 6861, or 6862, as the case may be, is reasonable under the circumstances, and

(ii)the amount so assessed or demanded as a result of the action taken under section 6851, 6861, or 6862 is appropriate under the circumstances, or

(B)whether or not the levy described in subsection (a)(1) is reasonable under the circumstances.

(b)(1)Within 90 days after the earlier of—

(A)the day the Secretary notifies the taxpayer of the Secretary’s determination described in subsection (a)(3), or

(B)the 16th day after the request described in subsection (a)(2) was made,

(2)(A)Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the district courts of the United States shall have exclusive jurisdiction over any civil action for a determination under this subsection.

(B)If a petition for a redetermination of a deficiency under section 6213(a) has been timely filed with the Tax Court before the making of an assessment or levy that is subject to the review procedures of this section, and 1 or more of the taxes and taxable periods before the Tax Court because of such petition is also included in the written statement that is provided to the taxpayer under subsection (a), then the Tax Court also shall have jurisdiction over any civil action for a determination under this subsection with respect to all the taxes and taxable periods included in such written statement.

(3)Within 20 days after a proceeding is commenced under paragraph (1), the court shall determine—

(A)whether or not—

(i)the making of the assessment under section 6851, 6861, or 6862, as the case may be, is reasonable under the circumstances, and

(ii)the amount so assessed or demanded as a result of the action taken under section 6851, 6861, or 6862 is appropriate under the circumstances, or

(B)whether or not the levy described in subsection (a)(1) is reasonable under the circumstances.

(4)If the court determines that the making of such levy is unreasonable, that the making of such assessment is unreasonable, or that the amount assessed or demanded is inappropriate, then the court may order the Secretary to release such levy, to abate such assessment, to redetermine (in whole or in part) the amount assessed or demanded, or to take such other action as the court finds appropriate.

(c)If the taxpayer requests an extension of the 20-day period set forth in subsection (b)(2) and establishes reasonable grounds why such extension should be granted, the court may grant an extension of not more than 40 additional days.

(d)For purposes of this section, Saturday, Sunday, or a legal holiday in the District of Columbia shall not be counted as the last day of any period.

(e)(1)A civil action in a district court under subsection (b) shall be commenced only in the judicial district described in section 1402(a)(1) or (2) of title 28, United States Code.

(2)If a civil action is filed under subsection (b) with the Tax Court and such court finds that there is want of jurisdiction because of the jurisdiction provisions of subsection (b)(2), then the Tax Court shall, if such court determines it is in the interest of justice, transfer the civil action to the district court in which the action could have been brought at the time such action was filed. Any civil action so transferred shall proceed as if such action had been filed in the district court to which such action is transferred on the date on which such action was actually filed in the Tax Court from which such action is transferred.

(f)Any determination made by a court under this section shall be final and conclusive and shall not be reviewed by any other court.

(g)(1)In a proceeding under subsection (b) involving the issue of whether the making of a levy described in subsection (a)(1) or the making of an assessment under section 6851, 6852, 6861, or 6862 is reasonable under the circumstances, the burden of proof in respect to such issue shall be upon the Secretary.

(2)In a proceeding under subsection (b) involving the issue of whether an amount assessed or demanded as a result of action taken under section 6851, 6852, 6861, or 6862 is appropriate under the circumstances, the Secretary shall provide a written statement which contains any information with respect to which his determination of the amount assessed was based, but the burden of proof in respect of such issue shall be upon the taxpayer.

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1998—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 105–206 substituted “Administrative review” for “Information to taxpayer” in heading and amended text of par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “Within 5 days after the day on which an assessment is made under section 6851(a), 6852(a), 6861(a), or 6862, or levy is made under section 6331(a) less than 30 days after notice and demand for payment is made under section 6331(a), the Secretary shall provide the taxpayer with a written statement of the information upon which the Secretary relies in making such assessment or levy.” 1988—Pub. L. 100–647, § 6237(e)(3), inserted “levy or” after “jeopardy” in section catchline. Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 100–647, § 6237(a), inserted “or levy is made under section 6331(a) less than 30 days after notice and demand for payment is made under section 6331(a),” after “6862,” and “or levy” after “such assessment”. Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 100–647, § 6237(b), amended par. (3) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (3) read as follows: “After a request for review is made under paragraph (2), the Secretary shall determine whether or not— “(A) the making of the assessment under section 6851, 6852, 6861, or 6862, as the case may be, is reasonable under the circumstances, and “(B) the amount so assessed or demanded as a result of the action taken under section 6851, 6852, 6861, or 6862 is appropriate under the circumstances.” Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100–647, § 6237(c), amended subsec. (b) generally, substituting provisions of pars. (1) to (4) for provisions of former pars. (1) to (3) relating to actions permitted, determination by district court, and order of district court. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100–647, § 6237(e)(1), struck out “district” before “court”. Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 100–647, § 6237(d), amended subsec. (e) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (e) read as follows: “A civil action under subsection (b) shall be commenced only in the judicial district described in section 1402(a)(1) or (2) of title 28, United States Code.” Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 100–647, § 6237(e)(1), struck out “district” after “made by a”. Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 100–647, § 6237(e)(2), in heading substituted “levy, termination,” for “termination” and in text substituted “a proceeding” for “an action” and inserted “the making of a levy described in subsection (a)(1) or” after “whether”. Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 100–647, § 6237(e)(2)(C), substituted “a proceeding” for “an action”. 1987—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 100–203, § 10713(b)(2)(F)(i), substituted “6851(a), 6852(a)” for “6851(a),”. Subsecs. (a)(3)(A), (B), (b)(2)(A), (B), (g)(1), (2). Pub. L. 100–203, § 10713(b)(2)(F)(ii), substituted “6851, 6852,” for “6851,” wherever appearing. 1984—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 98–369 inserted provision that if the court determines that proper service was not made on the United States within 5 days after the date of the commencement of the action, the running of the 20-day period shall not begin before the day on which proper service was made on the United States.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

of 1998 Amendment Pub. L. 105–206, title III, § 3434(b),

July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 760, provided that: “The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to taxes assessed and levies made after the date of the enactment of this Act [

July 22, 1998].”

Effective Date

of 1988 Amendment Pub. L. 100–647, title VI, § 6237(f), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3743, provided that: “The

Amendments

made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to jeopardy levies issued and assessments made on or after July 1, 1989.”

Effective Date

of 1984 Amendment Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title IV, § 446(b),

July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 817, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to actions commenced after the date of the enactment of this Act [

July 18, 1984].”

Effective Date

Section applicable with respect to action taken under section 6851, 6861, or 6862 of this title where notice and demand takes place after Feb. 28, 1977, see section 1204(d) of Pub. L. 94–455, as amended, set out as a note under section 6851 of this title.

§7429 Review of jeopardy levy or assessment procedures

Summary

Title 26, §7429

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

Amendments

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

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Amendments

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