Title 28 — Judiciary and Judicial ProcedureRelease 119-73

§4103 Removal

Title 28 › Part PART VI— - PARTICULAR PROCEEDINGS › Chapter CHAPTER 181— - FOREIGN JUDGMENTS › § 4103

Last updated Apr 6, 2026|Official source

Summary

Besides the normal rules for moving cases, a state court case that tries to enforce a defamation judgment from another country can be moved to federal court if the parties are from different U.S. states or if one side is foreign and the other is American.

Full Legal Text

Title 28, §4103

Judiciary and Judicial Procedure — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

In addition to removal allowed under section 1441, any action brought in a State domestic court to enforce a foreign judgment for defamation in which—

(1)any plaintiff is a citizen of a State different from any defendant;

(2)any plaintiff is a foreign state or a citizen or subject of a foreign state and any defendant is a citizen of a State; or

(3)any plaintiff is a citizen of a State and any defendant is a foreign state or citizen or subject of a foreign state,

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

28 U.S.C. § 4103

Title 28 — Judiciary and Judicial Procedure

Last Updated

Apr 6, 2026

Release point: 119-73