Title 30Mineral Lands and MiningRelease 119-73

§1028 Hot dry rock geothermal energy

Title 30 › Chapter CHAPTER 23— - GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES › § 1028

Last updated Apr 6, 2026|Official source

Summary

The Secretary of the Interior must, through the U.S. Geological Survey and after talking with the Secretary of Energy, set up a joint government-private program to study and help use hot dry rock geothermal energy on public lands (as defined in 43 U.S.C. 1702(e)) and on lands managed by the Department of Agriculture, except lands withdrawn from geothermal leasing. Enhanced geothermal systems: see the meaning in 42 U.S.C. 17191. The program must find, pick, and classify areas across the country with high hot dry rock potential. It must create and share information on how to use those areas, including field test methods and ways to keep projects affordable and avoid environmental harm. The U.S. Geological Survey may make contracts or agreements with public or private groups to help carry out projects. The Secretary must also update the 2008 U.S. geothermal resource assessment to give higher-detail data for known hydrothermal and enhanced geothermal areas—improving temperature/depth resolution, estimating co-production of energy and minerals, adding data for underground thermal storage, and making high-resolution maps and induced-seismicity risk maps. To the extent possible, the work should be coordinated with state officials and universities to include Puerto Rico, Alaska, and Hawaii. Money as needed may be appropriated to do this.

Full Legal Text

Title 30, §1028

Mineral Lands and Mining — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)In this section, the term “enhanced geothermal systems” has the meaning given the term in section 17191 of title 42.
(b)The Secretary of the Interior, acting through the United States Geological Survey, and in consultation with the Secretary of Energy, shall establish a cooperative Government-private sector program with respect to hot dry rock geothermal energy resources on public lands (as such term is defined in section 1702(e) of title 43) and lands managed by the Department of Agriculture, other than any such public or other lands that are withdrawn from geothermal leasing. Such program shall include, but shall not be limited to, activities to identify, select, and classify those areas throughout the United States that have a high potential for hot dry rock geothermal energy production and activities to develop and disseminate information regarding the utilization of such areas for hot dry rock energy production. Such information may include information regarding field test processes and techniques for assuring that hot dry rock geothermal energy development projects are developed in an economically feasible manner without adverse environmental consequences. Utilizing the information developed by the Secretary, together with information developed in connection with other related programs carried out by other Federal agencies, the Secretary, acting through the United States Geological Survey, may also enter into contracts and cooperative agreements with any public or private entity to provide assistance to any such entity to enable such entity to carry out additional projects with respect to the utilization of hot dry rock geothermal energy resources which will further the purposes of this section.
(c)The Secretary of the Interior, acting through the United States Geological Survey, and in consultation with the Secretary of Energy, shall update the 2008 United States geothermal resource assessment carried out by the United States Geological Survey, including—
(1)with respect to areas previously identified by the Department of Energy or the United States Geological Survey as having significant potential for hydrothermal energy or enhanced geothermal systems energy, by focusing on—
(A)improving the resolution of resource potential at systematic temperatures and depths, including temperatures and depths appropriate for power generation and direct use applications;
(B)quantifying the total potential to coproduce geothermal energy and minerals;
(C)incorporating data relevant to underground thermal energy storage and exchange, such as aquifer and soil properties; and
(D)producing high resolution maps, including—
(i)maps that indicate key subsurface parameters for electric and direct use resources; and
(ii)risk maps for induced seismicity based on geologic, geographic, and operational parameters; and
(2)to the maximum extent practicable, by coordinating with relevant State officials and institutions of higher education to expand geothermal assessments, including enhanced geothermal systems assessments, to include assessments for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the States of Alaska and Hawaii.
(d)There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out this section.

Legislative History

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

Codification Section was enacted as part of the Energy Policy Act of 1992, and not as part of the Geothermal Steam Act of 1970 which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

2020—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 116–260, § 3002(m)(2), added subsec. (a). Former subsec. (a) redesignated (b). Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 116–260, § 3002(m)(1), redesignated subsec. (a) as (b). Former subsec. (b) redesignated (d). Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 116–260, § 3002(m)(3), added subsec. (c). Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 116–260, § 3002(m)(1), (4), redesignated subsec. (b) as (d) and substituted “necessary” for “necesary”.

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

30 U.S.C. § 1028

Title 30Mineral Lands and Mining

Last Updated

Apr 6, 2026

Release point: 119-73