Title 34NavyRelease 119-73

§20331 Findings and purpose

Title 34 › Subtitle Subtitle II— - Protection of Children and Other Persons › Chapter CHAPTER 203— - VICTIMS OF CHILD ABUSE › Subchapter SUBCHAPTER III— - CHILD ABUSE TRAINING PROGRAMS FOR JUDICIAL PERSONNEL AND PRACTITIONERS › § 20331

Last updated Apr 6, 2026|Official source

Summary

Provides extra training and technical help for judges, court administrators, and lawyers who work in juvenile and family courts. Many of these courts are getting more abuse and neglect cases because of more reports, more drug-related harm, and too few resources. The Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980 puts new duties on courts — including checking whether agencies tried to prevent foster care, approving certain voluntary placements without court action, and protecting parents when their relationship with a child is affected — but it gives no help to train judges. Agencies often push courts to follow the rules, but lack of resources can lead to only formal, not meaningful, review. A main goal is to improve how courts handle child abuse and neglect cases by training top court leaders and judges with administrative roles. The focus is on helping courts look at steps that can safely avoid unnecessary or overly long foster care stays.

Full Legal Text

Title 34, §20331

Navy — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)The Congress finds that—
(1)a large number of juvenile and family courts are inundated with increasing numbers of cases due to increased reports of abuse and neglect, increasing drug-related maltreatment, and insufficient court resources;
(2)the amendments made to the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 301 et seq.] by the Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980 make substantial demands on the courts handling abuse and neglect cases, but provide no assistance to the courts to meet those demands;
(3)the Adoption 11 So in original. Probably should be “Adoption Assistance”. and Child Welfare Act of 1980 requires courts to—
(A)determine whether the agency made reasonable efforts to prevent foster care placement;
(B)approve voluntary nonjudicial placement; and
(C)provide procedural safeguards for parents when their parent-child relationship is affected;
(4)social welfare agencies press the courts to meet such requirements, yet scarce resources often dictate that courts comply pro forma without undertaking the meaningful judicial inquiry contemplated by Congress in the Adoption 1 and Child Welfare Act of 1980;
(5)compliance with the Adoption 1 and Child Welfare Act of 1980 and overall improvements in the judicial response to abuse and neglect cases can best come about through action by top level court administrators and judges with administrative functions who understand the unique aspects of decisions required in child abuse and neglect cases; and
(6)the Adoption 1 and Child Welfare Act of 1980 provides financial incentives to train welfare agency staff to meet the requirements, but provides no resources to train judges.
(b)The purpose of this subchapter is to provide expanded technical assistance and training to judicial personnel and attorneys, particularly personnel and practitioners in juvenile and family courts, to improve the judicial system’s handling of child abuse and neglect cases with specific emphasis on the role of the courts in addressing reasonable efforts that can safely avoid unnecessary and unnecessarily prolonged foster care placement.

Legislative History

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Social Security Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620, which is classified generally to chapter 7 (§ 301 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of Title 42 and Tables. The Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980, referred to in subsec. (a), is Pub. L. 96–272, June 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 500. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see

Short Title

of 1980

Amendments

note set out under section 1305 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and Tables. Codification Section was formerly classified to section 13021 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Amendments

1994—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–322 made technical amendment to reference to this subchapter to correct reference to corresponding provision of original act.

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

34 U.S.C. § 20331

Title 34Navy

Last Updated

Apr 6, 2026

Release point: 119-73