§7524 — Title 42 The Public Health and Welfare | U.S. Code

Summary

Imposes money fines on people or companies that break certain vehicle and engine rules. A violation of some listed rules can bring a fine up to $25,000. If a manufacturer or dealer breaks a specific equipment rule, the fine can be up to $25,000. If someone who is not a manufacturer or dealer breaks that equipment rule, or anyone breaks a different parts rule, the fine can be up to $2,500. Some violations are counted for each motor vehicle or engine. Some are counted for each part or component. One kind of violation can bring a penalty of up to $25,000 for each day it continues. The head administrator can sue in federal court to get these fines. The court decides the amount and must consider things like how serious the violation was, any money saved by breaking the rule, the size of the business, past compliance, steps taken to fix the problem, and whether the penalty would stop the business from continuing. Instead of suing, the administrator can also impose fines by an administrative order. That process normally limits a case to $200,000 per violator unless the administrator and the Attorney General agree to a larger amount. The person must get written notice and has 30 days to ask for a hearing. An administrative order becomes final in 30 days unless the person asks a court for review. A court can only overturn the order if the record lacks substantial evidence or the penalty was an abuse of discretion.

Title 42, §7524

The Public Health and Welfare — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)Any person who violates section 11 So in original. Probably should be “section”. 7522(a)(1), 7522(a)(4), or 7522(a)(5) of this title or any manufacturer or dealer who violates section 7522(a)(3)(A) of this title shall be subject to a civil penalty of not more than $25,000. Any person other than a manufacturer or dealer who violates section 7522(a)(3)(A) of this title or any person who violates section 7522(a)(3)(B) of this title shall be subject to a civil penalty of not more than $2,500. Any such violation with respect to paragraph (1), (3)(A), or (4) of section 7522(a) of this title shall constitute a separate offense with respect to each motor vehicle or motor vehicle engine. Any such violation with respect to section 7522(a)(3)(B) of this title shall constitute a separate offense with respect to each part or component. Any person who violates section 7522(a)(2) of this title shall be subject to a civil penalty of not more than $25,000 per day of violation.

(b)The Administrator may commence a civil action to assess and recover any civil penalty under subsection (a) of this section, section 7545(d) of this title, or section 7547(d) of this title. Any action under this subsection may be brought in the district court of the United States for the district in which the violation is alleged to have occurred or in which the defendant resides or has the Administrator’s principal place of business, and the court shall have jurisdiction to assess a civil penalty. In determining the amount of any civil penalty to be assessed under this subsection, the court shall take into account the gravity of the violation, the economic benefit or savings (if any) resulting from the violation, the size of the violator’s business, the violator’s history of compliance with this subchapter, action taken to remedy the violation, the effect of the penalty on the violator’s ability to continue in business, and such other matters as justice may require. In any such action, subpoenas for witnesses who are required to attend a district court in any district may run into any other district.

(c)(1)In lieu of commencing a civil action under subsection (b), the Administrator may assess any civil penalty prescribed in subsection (a) of this section, section 7545(d) of this title, or section 7547(d) of this title, except that the maximum amount of penalty sought against each violator in a penalty assessment proceeding shall not exceed $200,000, unless the Administrator and the Attorney General jointly determine that a matter involving a larger penalty amount is appropriate for administrative penalty assessment. Any such determination by the Administrator and the Attorney General shall not be subject to judicial review. Assessment of a civil penalty under this subsection shall be by an order made on the record after opportunity for a hearing in accordance with section 554 and 556 of title 5. The Administrator shall issue reasonable rules for discovery and other procedures for hearings under this paragraph. Before issuing such an order, the Administrator shall give written notice to the person to be assessed an administrative penalty of the Administrator’s proposal to issue such order and provide such person an opportunity to request such a hearing on the order, within 30 days of the date the notice is received by such person. The Administrator may compromise, or remit, with or without conditions, any administrative penalty which may be imposed under this section.

(2)In determining the amount of any civil penalty assessed under this subsection, the Administrator shall take into account the gravity of the violation, the economic benefit or savings (if any) resulting from the violation, the size of the violator’s business, the violator’s history of compliance with this subchapter, action taken to remedy the violation, the effect of the penalty on the violator’s ability to continue in business, and such other matters as justice may require.

(3)(A)Action by the Administrator under this subsection shall not affect or limit the Administrator’s authority to enforce any provision of this chapter; except that any violation,

(i)with respect to which the Administrator has commenced and is diligently prosecuting an action under this subsection, or

(ii)for which the Administrator has issued a final order not subject to further judicial review and the violator has paid a penalty assessment under this subsection,

(B)No action by the Administrator under this subsection shall affect any person’s obligation to comply with any section of this chapter.

(4)An order issued under this subsection shall become final 30 days after its issuance unless a petition for judicial review is filed under paragraph (5).

(5)Any person against whom a civil penalty is assessed in accordance with this subsection may seek review of the assessment in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, or for the district in which the violation is alleged to have occurred, in which such person resides, or where such person’s principal place of business is located, within the 30-day period beginning on the date a civil penalty order is issued. Such person shall simultaneously send a copy of the filing by certified mail to the Administrator and the Attorney General. The Administrator shall file in the court a certified copy, or certified index, as appropriate, of the record on which the order was issued within 30 days. The court shall not set aside or remand any order issued in accordance with the requirements of this subsection unless there is not substantial evidence in the record, taken as a whole, to support the finding of a violation or unless the Administrator’s assessment of the penalty constitutes an abuse of discretion, and the court shall not impose additional civil penalties unless the Administrator’s assessment of the penalty constitutes an abuse of discretion. In any proceedings, the United States may seek to recover civil penalties assessed under this section.

(6)If any person fails to pay an assessment of a civil penalty imposed by the Administrator as provided in this subsection—

(A)after the order making the assessment has become final, or

(B)after a court in an action brought under paragraph (5) has entered a final judgment in favor of the Administrator,

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

Codification Section was formerly classified to section 1857f–4 of this title.

Amendments

1990—Pub. L. 101–549 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows: “Any person who violates paragraph (1), (2), or (4) of section 7522(a) of this title or any manufacturer, dealer, or other person who violates paragraph (3)(A) of section 7522(a) of this title shall be subject to a civil penalty of not more than $10,000. Any person who violates paragraph (3)(B) of such section 7522(a) shall be subject to a civil penalty of not more than $2,500. Any such violation with respect to paragraph (1), (3), or (4) of section 7522(a) of this title shall constitute a separate offense with respect to each motor vehicle or motor vehicle engine.” 1977—Pub. L. 95–95 substituted “Any person who violates paragraph (1), (2), or (4) of section 7522(a) of this title, or any manufacturer, dealer, or other person who violates paragraph (3)(A) of section 7522(a) of this title” for “Any person who violates paragraph (1), (2), (3), or (4) of section 7522(a) of this title” in provisions covering the civil penalty of $10,000, and inserted provisions for a civil penalty of not more than $2,500 for violations of par. (3)(B) of section 7522(a) of this title. 1970—Pub. L. 91–604 increased the upper limit of the allowable fine from “$1,000” to “$10,000”. 1967—Pub. L. 90–148 reenacted section without change.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

of 1977 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 95–95 effective Aug. 7, 1977, except as otherwise expressly provided, see section 406(d) of Pub. L. 95–95, set out as a note under section 7401 of this title.

§7524 Civil penalties