§9609 — Title 42 The Public Health and Welfare | U.S. Code

Summary

The President can fine a person or company up to $25,000 for each violation of certain rules. Those rules cover things like required notices, destroying records, failing to meet financial-responsibility rules, breaking settlement or enforcement orders, or refusing to follow administrative orders or consent decrees. Before a fine is imposed, the person must get notice and a chance for a hearing. When deciding the amount, the President must consider how serious the violation was, how long and wide it was, the violator’s ability to pay, past violations, how blameworthy the person was, any money saved by the violation, and other things needed for justice. A person can ask a U.S. district court to review the fine by filing an appeal within 30 days and sending a certified copy to the President. The President must file the record with the court. If a final fine is not paid, the President can ask the Attorney General to sue to collect it. The President can issue subpoenas for hearings, and federal courts where the person lives, works, or is found can enforce those subpoenas and punish contempt. The President can also assess or ask a court to collect fines up to $25,000 for each day a violation continues, for the same types of violations listed above. The President may pay up to $10,000 to someone who gives information that leads to an arrest and conviction for crimes under this law, using rules the President sets and money from the designated Fund. Federal agencies may hire expert consultants for civil or criminal cases under this law without using competitive procedures or publishing a notice, and they do not have to give a written justification for using non-competitive hiring. Actions under these rules do not limit other enforcement powers the President already has.

Title 42, §9609

The Public Health and Welfare — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)(1)A civil penalty of not more than $25,000 per violation may be assessed by the President in the case of any of the following—

(A)A violation of the requirements of section 9603(a) or (b) of this title (relating to notice).

(B)A violation of the requirements of section 9603(d)(2) of this title (relating to destruction of records, etc.).

(C)A violation of the requirements of section 9608 of this title (relating to financial responsibility, etc.), the regulations issued under section 9608 of this title, or with any denial or detention order under section 9608 of this title.

(D)A violation of an order under section 9622(d)(3) of this title (relating to settlement agreements for action under section 9604(b) of this title).

(E)Any failure or refusal referred to in section 9622(l) of this title (relating to violations of administrative orders, consent decrees, or agreements under section 9620 of this title).

(2)No civil penalty may be assessed under this subsection unless the person accused of the violation is given notice and opportunity for a hearing with respect to the violation.

(3)In determining the amount of any penalty assessed pursuant to this subsection, the President shall take into account the nature, circumstances, extent and gravity of the violation or violations and, with respect to the violator, ability to pay, any prior history of such violations, the degree of culpability, economic benefit or savings (if any) resulting from the violation, and such other matters as justice may require.

(4)Any person against whom a civil penalty is assessed under this subsection may obtain review thereof in the appropriate district court of the United States by filing a notice of appeal in such court within 30 days from the date of such order and by simultaneously sending a copy of such notice by certified mail to the President. The President shall promptly file in such court a certified copy of the record upon which such violation was found or such penalty imposed. If any person fails to pay an assessment of a civil penalty after it has become a final and unappealable order or after the appropriate court has entered final judgment in favor of the United States, the President may request the Attorney General of the United States to institute a civil action in an appropriate district court of the United States to collect the penalty, and such court shall have jurisdiction to hear and decide any such action. In hearing such action, the court shall have authority to review the violation and the assessment of the civil penalty on the record.

(5)The President may issue subpoenas for the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of relevant papers, books, or documents in connection with hearings under this subsection. In case of contumacy or refusal to obey a subpoena issued pursuant to this paragraph and served upon any person, the district court of the United States for any district in which such person is found, resides, or transacts business, upon application by the United States and after notice to such person, shall have jurisdiction to issue an order requiring such person to appear and give testimony before the administrative law judge or to appear and produce documents before the administrative law judge, or both, and any failure to obey such order of the court may be punished by such court as a contempt thereof.

(b)A civil penalty of not more than $25,000 per day for each day during which the violation continues may be assessed by the President in the case of any of the following—

(1)A violation of the notice requirements of section 9603(a) or (b) of this title.

(2)A violation of section 9603(d)(2) of this title (relating to destruction of records, etc.).

(3)A violation of the requirements of section 9608 of this title (relating to financial responsibility, etc.), the regulations issued under section 9608 of this title, or with any denial or detention order under section 9608 of this title.

(4)A violation of an order under section 9622(d)(3) of this title (relating to settlement agreements for action under section 9604(b) of this title).

(5)Any failure or refusal referred to in section 9622(l) of this title (relating to violations of administrative orders, consent decrees, or agreements under section 9620 of this title).

(c)The President may bring an action in the United States district court for the appropriate district to assess and collect a penalty of not more than $25,000 per day for each day during which the violation (or failure or refusal) continues in the case of any of the following—

(1)A violation of the notice requirements of section 9603(a) or (b) of this title.

(2)A violation of section 9603(d)(2) of this title (relating to destruction of records, etc.).

(4)A violation of an order under section 9622(d)(3) of this title (relating to settlement agreements for action under section 9604(b) of this title).

(5)Any failure or refusal referred to in section 9622(l) of this title (relating to violations of administrative orders, consent decrees, or agreements under section 9620 of this title).

(d)The President may pay an award of up to $10,000 to any individual who provides information leading to the arrest and conviction of any person for a violation subject to a criminal penalty under this chapter, including any violation of section 9603 of this title and any other violation referred to in this section. The President shall, by regulation, prescribe criteria for such an award and may pay any award under this subsection from the Fund, as provided in section 9611 of this title.

(e)Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any executive agency may use competitive procedures or procedures other than competitive procedures to procure the services of experts for use in preparing or prosecuting a civil or criminal action under this chapter, whether or not the expert is expected to testify at trial. The executive agency need not provide any written justification for the use of procedures other than competitive procedures when procuring such expert services under this chapter and need not furnish for publication in the Commerce Business Daily or otherwise any notice of solicitation or synopsis with respect to such procurement.

(f)Action taken by the President pursuant to this section shall not affect or limit the President’s authority to enforce any provisions of this chapter.

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (d) to (f), was in the original “this Act”, meaning Pub. L. 96–510, Dec. 11, 1980, 94 Stat. 2767, known as the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see

Short Title

note set out under section 9601 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

1986—Pub. L. 99–499 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows: “Any person who, after notice and an opportunity for a hearing, is found to have failed to comply with the requirements of section 9608 of this title, the

Regulations

issued thereunder, or with any denial or detention order shall be liable to the United States for a civil penalty, not to exceed $10,000 for each day of violation.”

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Coordination of Titles I to IV of Pub. L. 99–499Any provision of titles I to IV of Pub. L. 99–499, imposing any tax, premium, or fee; establishing any trust fund; or authorizing expenditures from any trust fund, to have no force or effect, see section 531 of Pub. L. 99–499, set out as a note under section 1 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

§9609 Civil penalties and awards