§1618 — Title 43 Public Lands | U.S. Code

Summary

The law cancels most land reserves that had been set aside for Native use, unless someone else already has a valid right to the land. The Annette Island Reserve is not affected, and members of the Metlakatla Indian community on Annette Island cannot get benefits under this law. Any Village Corporation can choose, within two years, to take full title to both the surface and the underground rights in a reserve that was set aside for its members before December 18, 1971. If more than one village shares a reserve, all village members must agree. If a Village Corporation accepts the land, the government will transfer it but the village then gives up the right to other land selections under this law, to shares of Regional Corporation funds, and its enrolled residents will not get Regional Corporation stock. About Elim: Congress found that about 350,000 acres were withdrawn in 1917 for Native use and that 50,000 acres were removed from that reservation in 1929, which upset Elim people. A specific area shown on a map is withdrawn from public claim for 2 years starting May 2, 2000, so Elim can select land there. Elim may pick 50,000 acres to receive full surface and subsurface title, and it may file a selection application for up to 60,000 acres within 2 years from May 2, 2000. The selected tract must be one compact, contiguous block next to United States Survey No. 2548 and mostly whole sections, and Elim must rank its picks when filed. Selections are subject to any valid existing rights and cannot override prior state, Native, or private claims unless those claims are given up. Once land is transferred, Elim gets normal landowner rights but must follow legal limits that travel with the land: Elim can cut timber for homes, firewood, and other household needs but may not sell merchantable timber or build roads to support timber sales; Elim may select hot springs but any commercial development of hot springs and the land within 1/4 mile is limited to 15 percent and at least 85 percent must stay natural; Elim must not allow activities in the bed or within 300 feet of the Tubutulik River or Clear Creek that would cause erosion or siltation that harms water quality or fish habitat. The United States keeps certain rights: to enter with notice to enforce rules, to act against illegal timber sales, to work with Elim to reforest damaged areas, to keep public noncommercial access and research rights for hot springs, and to limit how hot springs are developed. The Secretary and Elim must make a Memorandum of Understanding to protect hot springs and review it regularly. The Bureau of Land Management will reserve public easements such as river access trails (25 feet wide), one-acre launch or short-term (up to 24 hours) camp sites, inholder access rights with limits, and possibly an Iditarod Trail easement. Money may be appropriated as needed to carry out these rules.

Title 43, §1618

Public Lands — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)Notwithstanding any other provision of law, and except where inconsistent with the provisions of this chapter, the various reserves set aside by legislation or by Executive or Secretarial Order for Native use or for administration of Native affairs, including those created under the Act of May 31, 1938 (52 Stat. 593), are hereby revoked subject to any valid existing rights of non-Natives. This section shall not apply to the Annette Island Reserve established by the Act of March 3, 1891 (26 Stat. 1101) and no person enrolled in the Metlakatla Indian community of the Annette Island Reserve shall be eligible for benefits under this chapter.

(b)Notwithstanding any other provision of law or of this chapter, any Village Corporation or Corporations may elect within two years to acquire title to the surface and subsurface estates in any reserve set aside for the use or benefit of its stockholders or members prior to December 18, 1971. If two or more villages are located on such reserve, the election must be made by all of the members or stockholders of the Village Corporations concerned. In such event, the Secretary shall convey the land to the Village Corporation or Corporations, subject to valid existing rights as provided in section 1613(g) of this title, and the Village Corporation shall not be eligible for any other land selections under this chapter or to any distribution of Regional Corporations funds pursuant to section 1606 of this title, and the enrolled residents of the Village Corporation shall not be eligible to receive Regional Corporation stock.

(c)(1)The Congress finds that—

(A)approximately 350,000 acres of land were withdrawn by Executive orders in 1917 for the use of the United States Bureau of Education and of the Natives of Indigenous Alaskan race;

(B)these lands comprised the Norton Bay Reservation (later referred to as Norton Bay Native Reserve) and were set aside for the benefit of the Native inhabitants of the Eskimo Village of Elim, Alaska;

(C)in 1929, 50,000 acres of land were deleted from the Norton Bay Reservation by Executive order;

(D)the lands were deleted from the Reservation for the benefit of others;

(E)the deleted lands were not available to the Native inhabitants of Elim under subsection (b) of this section at the time of passage of this chapter;

(F)the deletion of these lands has been and continues to be a source of deep concern to the indigenous people of Elim; and

(G)until this matter is dealt with, it will continue to be a source of great frustration and sense of loss among the shareholders of the Elim Native Corporation and their descendants.

(2)The lands depicted and designated “Withdrawal Area” on the map dated October 19, 1999, along with their legal descriptions, on file with the Bureau of Land Management, and entitled “Land Withdrawal Elim Native Corporation”, are hereby withdrawn, subject to valid existing rights, from all forms of appropriation or disposition under the public land laws, including the mining and mineral leasing laws, for a period of 2 years from May 2, 2000, for selection by the Elim Native Corporation (hereinafter referred to as “Elim”).

(3)Elim is authorized to select in accordance with the rules set out in this paragraph, 50,000 acres of land (hereinafter referred to as “Conveyance Lands”) within the boundary of the Withdrawal Area described in paragraph (2). The Secretary is authorized and directed to convey to Elim in fee the surface and subsurface estates to 50,000 acres of valid selections in the Withdrawal Area, subject to the covenants, reservations, terms and conditions and other provisions of this subsection.

(A)Elim shall have 2 years from May 2, 2000, in which to file its selection of no more than 60,000 acres of land from the area described in paragraph (2). The selection application shall be filed with the Bureau of Land Management, Alaska State Office, shall describe a single tract adjacent to United States Survey No. 2548, Alaska, and shall be reasonably compact, contiguous, and in whole sections except when separated by unavailable land or when the remaining entitlement is less than a whole section. Elim shall prioritize its selections made pursuant to this subsection at the time such selections are filed, and such prioritization shall be irrevocable. Any lands selected shall remain withdrawn until conveyed or full entitlement has been achieved.

(B)The selection filed by Elim pursuant to this subsection shall be subject to valid existing rights and may not supercede prior selections of the State of Alaska, any Native corporation, or valid entries of any private individual unless such selection or entry is relinquished, rejected, or abandoned prior to conveyance to Elim.

(C)Upon receipt of the Conveyance Lands, Elim shall have all legal rights and privileges as landowner, subject only to the covenants, reservations, terms and conditions specified in this subsection.

(D)Selection by Elim of lands under this subsection and final conveyance of those lands to Elim shall constitute full satisfaction of any claim of entitlement of Elim with respect to its land entitlement.

(4)The covenants, reservations, terms and conditions set forth in this paragraph and in paragraphs (5) and (6) with respect to the Conveyance Lands shall run with the land and shall be incorporated into the interim conveyance, if any, and patent conveying the lands to Elim.

(A)Consistent with paragraph (3)(C) and subject to the applicable covenants, reservations, terms and conditions contained in this paragraph and paragraphs (5) and (6), Elim shall have all rights to the timber resources of the Conveyance Lands for any use including, but not limited to, construction of homes, cabins, for firewood and other domestic uses on any Elim lands: Provided, That cutting and removal of Merchantable Timber from the Conveyance Lands for sale shall not be permitted: Provided further, That Elim shall not construct roads and related infrastructure for the support of such cutting and removal of timber for sale or permit others to do so. “Merchantable Timber” means timber that can be harvested and marketed by a prudent operator.

(B)Public Land Order 5563 of December 16, 1975, which made hot or medicinal springs available to other Native Corporations for selection and conveyance, is hereby modified to the extent necessary to permit the selection by Elim of the lands heretofore encompassed in any withdrawal of hot or medicinal springs and is withdrawn pursuant to this subsection. The Secretary is authorized and directed to convey such selections of hot or medicinal springs (hereinafter referred to as “hot springs”) subject to applicable covenants, reservations, terms and conditions contained in paragraphs (5) and (6).

(C)Should Elim select and have conveyed to it lands encompassing portions of the Tubutulik River or Clear Creek, or both, Elim shall not permit surface occupancy or knowingly permit any other activity on those portions of land lying within the bed of or within 300 feet of the ordinary high waterline of either or both of these water courses for purposes associated with mineral or other development or activity if they would cause or are likely to cause erosion or siltation of either water course to an extent that would significantly adversely impact water quality or fish habitat.

(5)With respect to conveyances authorized in paragraph (3), the following rights are retained by the United States:

(A)To enter upon the conveyance lands, after providing reasonable advance notice in writing to Elim and after providing Elim with an opportunity to have a representative present upon such entry, in order to achieve the purpose and enforce the terms of this paragraph and paragraphs (4) and (6).

(B)To have, in addition to such rights held by Elim, all rights and remedies available against persons, jointly or severally, who cut or remove Merchantable Timber for sale.

(C)In cooperation with Elim, the right, but not the obligation, to reforest in the event previously existing Merchantable Timber is destroyed by fire, wind, insects, disease, or other similar manmade or natural occurrence (excluding manmade occurrences resulting from the exercise by Elim of its lawful rights to use the Conveyance Lands).

(D)The right of ingress and egress over easements under section 1616(b) of this title for the public to visit, for noncommercial purposes, hot springs located on the Conveyance Lands and to use any part of the hot springs that is not commercially developed.

(E)The right to enter upon the lands containing hot springs for the purpose of conducting scientific research on such hot springs and to use the results of such research without compensation to Elim. Elim shall have an equal right to conduct research on the hot springs and to use the results of such research without compensation to the United States.

(F)A covenant that commercial development of the hot springs by Elim or its successors, assigns, or grantees shall include the right to develop only a maximum of 15 percent of the hot springs and any land within ¼ mile of the hot springs. Such commercial development shall not alter the natural hydrologic or thermal system associated with the hot springs. Not less than 85 percent of the lands within ¼ mile of the hot springs shall be left in their natural state.

(G)The right to exercise prosecutorial discretion in the enforcement of any covenant, reservation, term or condition shall not waive the right to enforce any covenant, reservation, term or condition.

(6)(A)The Secretary and Elim shall, acting in good faith, enter into a Memorandum of Understanding (hereinafter referred to as the “MOU”) to implement the provisions of this subsection. The MOU shall include among its provisions reasonable measures to protect plants and animals in the hot springs on the Conveyance Lands and on the land within ¼ mile of the hot springs. The parties shall agree to meet periodically to review the matters contained in the MOU and to exercise their right to amend, replace, or extend the MOU. Such reviews shall include the authority to relocate any of the easements set forth in subparagraph (D) if the parties deem it advisable.

(B)Elim shall incorporate the covenants, reservations, terms and conditions, in this subsection in any deed or other legal instrument by which it divests itself of any interest in all or a portion of the Conveyance Lands, including without limitation, a leasehold interest.

(C)The Bureau of Land Management, in consultation with Elim, shall reserve in the conveyance to Elim easements to the United States pursuant to subsection 11 So in original. Probably should be “section”. 1616(b) of this title that are not in conflict with other easements specified in this paragraph.

(D)The Bureau of Land Management, in consultation with Elim, shall reserve easements which shall include the right of the public to enter upon and travel along the Tubutulik River and Clear Creek within the Conveyance Lands. Such easements shall also include easements for trails confined to foot travel along, and which may be established along each bank of, the Tubutulik River and Clear Creek. Such trails shall be 25 feet wide and upland of the ordinary high waterline of the water courses. The trails may deviate from the banks as necessary to go around man-made or natural obstructions or to portage around hazardous stretches of water. The easements shall also include one-acre sites along the water courses at reasonable intervals, selected in consultation with Elim, which may be used to launch or take out water craft from the water courses and to camp in non-permanent structures for a period not to exceed 24 hours without the consent of Elim.

(E)The owners of lands held within the exterior boundaries of lands conveyed to Elim shall have all rights of ingress and egress to be vested in the inholder and the inholder’s agents, employees, co-venturers, licensees, subsequent grantees, or invitees, and such easements shall be reserved in the conveyance to Elim. The inholder may not exercise the right of ingress and egress in a manner that may result in substantial damage to the surface of the lands or make any permanent improvements on Conveyance Lands without the prior consent of Elim.

(F)The Bureau of Land Management may reserve an easement for the Iditarod National Historic Trail in the conveyance to Elim.

(7)There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to implement this subsection.

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Act of

May 31, 1938 (52 Stat. 593), referred to in subsec. (a), is act

May 31, 1938, ch. 304, 52 Stat. 593, which was classified to section 497 of Title 25, Indians, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 94–579, title VII, § 704(a), Oct. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 2792. The Annette Island Reserve established by the Act of

March 3, 1891 (26 Stat. 1101), referred to in subsec. (a), probably means act Mar. 3, 1891, ch. 561, § 15, 26 Stat. 1101, which was classified to section 495 of Title 25, Indians, prior to omission from the Code as being of special and not general application. The time of passage of this chapter, referred to in subsec. (c)(1)(E), probably means the date of enactment of Pub. L. 92–203, which was approved Dec. 18, 1971.

Amendments

2000—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 106–194 added subsec. (c). Grants to Native Group Corporations for Planning, Development, and Other Purposes Pub. L. 96–487, title XIV, § 1413, Dec. 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 2498, provided that: “The Secretary shall pay by grant to each of the Native Group Corporations established pursuant to section 14(h)(2) of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act [section 1613(h)(2) of this title] and finally certified as a Native Group, an amount not more than $100,000 or less than $50,000 adjusted according to population of each Group. Funds authorized under this section may be used only for planning, development, and other purposes for which the Native Group Corporations are organized under the Settlement Act [this chapter].”

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Grants to Village Corporations for Planning, Development and Other Purposes Pub. L. 94–204, § 14, Jan. 2, 1976, 89 Stat. 1154, provided that: “(a) The Secretary shall pay, by grant, $250,000 to each of the corporations established pursuant to section 14(h)(3) of the Settlement Act [section 1613(h)(3) of this title]. “(b) The Secretary shall pay, by grant, $100,000 to each of the following Village Corporations:“(1) Arctic Village; “(2) Elim; “(3) Gambell; “(4) Savoonga; “(5) Tetlin; and “(6) Venetie. “(c) Funds authorized under this section may be used only for planning, development, and other purposes for which the corporations set forth in subsections (a) and (b) are organized under the Settlement Act [this chapter]. “(d) There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for the purpose of this section a sum of $1,600,000 in fiscal year 1976.”

§1618 Revocation of reserved rights; excepted reserve; acquisition of title to surface and subsurface estates in reserve; election of Village Corporations; restoration of land to Elim Native Corporation