Title 43 — Public LandsRelease 119-73

§3102 National Landslide Hazards Reduction Program

Title 43 › Chapter CHAPTER 49— - NATIONAL LANDSLIDE PREPAREDNESS › § 3102

Last updated Apr 6, 2026|Official source

Summary

Creates the National Landslide Hazards Reduction Program. The Secretary must lead a national effort to find, map, study, and respond to landslide risks, cut losses from landslides, protect at-risk communities, and improve planning, warnings, and emergency preparedness. Working with an interagency committee of Federal agency leaders (the Secretary is the chair), State, local, territorial, and Tribal offices, and the US Geological Survey, the program must make a public national landslide hazard and risk database, set guidelines and training for geologists, engineers, emergency managers, and decisionmakers, expand debris-flow early warning (including post-wildfire areas in the western U.S., stormwater monitoring, and identifying high-risk sites), and support rapid federal scientific response after big landslides to help responders, gather data, and learn more. The Secretary must publish a national strategy not later than 1 year after January 5, 2021 and every 5 years after that, showing goals, data and research priorities, and an interagency plan with programs and budgets. An Interagency Coordinating Committee will advise and coordinate the work. An Advisory Committee of at least 11 non‑federal experts (states, territories, Tribes, researchers, industry standards groups, and emergency managers) will give recommendations that agencies must consider. Subject to funding, the Secretary may give competitive grants to State, territorial, local, and Tribal governments (with priority to projects that cut risk, follow the national strategy, have at least 50% non‑Federal match, and include enhanced elevation data) and must publish grant details and findings. The NSF may also give competitive research grants. The Secretary must send Congress a report every two years through 2030 on progress, and must publish a public report within 1 year after any significant landslide describing the event, its effects, how warnings and risk ID worked, and recommendations to improve identification, communication, preparedness, and response. For fiscal years 2021–2024, authorized amounts are: USGS $25,000,000; NSF $11,000,000; NOAA $1,000,000. Funds must come from appropriations enacted after this law.

Full Legal Text

Title 43, §3102

Public Lands — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)The Secretary shall establish a program, to be known as the “National Landslide Hazards Reduction Program” (referred to in this section as the “program”)—

(1)to identify and understand landslide hazards and risks;

(2)to reduce losses from landslides;

(3)to protect communities at risk of landslide hazards; and

(4)to help improve communication and emergency preparedness, including by coordinating with communities and entities responsible for infrastructure that are at risk of landslide hazards.

(b)(1)The Secretary, in coordination with the Interagency Coordinating Committee on Landslide Hazards established by subsection (c)(1) (referred to in this section as the “Committee”) and in coordination with existing activities of the United States Geological Survey and other Federal agencies, shall—

(A)identify, map, assess, and research landslide hazards;

(B)respond to landslide events; and

(C)in coordination with State offices, units of local government, territories, and Indian tribes—

(i)establish working groups with State offices, units of local government, territories, and Indian tribes to identify regional and local priorities for researching, identifying, mapping, and assessing landslide hazards; and

(ii)develop and implement landslide hazard guidelines for—

(I)geologists;

(II)geological and geotechnical engineers;

(III)emergency management personnel; and

(IV)land use and other decisionmakers.

(2)Not later than 1 year after January 5, 2021, and every 5 years thereafter, the Secretary, in coordination with the Committee, shall develop and publish a national strategy for landslide hazards, risk reduction, and response in the United States (including territories), which shall include—

(A)goals and priorities for the program;

(B)priorities for data acquisition, research, communications, and risk management on landslides and landslide hazards across relevant Federal agencies; and

(C)a detailed interagency plan, which shall take into consideration national disaster preparedness, response, and recovery frameworks, to carry out the national strategy, including details about the programs, projects, and budgets that will be used to implement the national strategy.

(3)In carrying out the program, the Secretary, in coordination with State offices, units of local government, territories, and Indian tribes, shall develop and maintain a publicly accessible national landslide hazard and risk inventory database to compile, maintain, standardize, and evaluate data regarding—

(A)landslide hazards and risks;

(B)the impact of landslides on—

(i)health and safety;

(ii)the economy and infrastructure; and

(iii)the environment;

(C)landslide hazard stabilization; and

(D)reduction of losses from landslides.

(4)In carrying out the program, the Secretary, in coordination with the Secretary of the Army, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Homeland Security, the Secretary of Transportation, and the heads of other relevant Federal agencies, and in consultation with State offices, units of local government, territories, and Indian tribes, shall develop and disseminate—

(A)landslide planning and risk reduction guidance, guidelines, maps, tools, and training materials to help inform State, territorial, local, and Tribal governments and decisionmakers with respect to—

(i)the use and implementation of landslide hazard assessments;

(ii)the applied use of the database developed under paragraph (3);

(iii)reducing losses from landslides; and

(iv)resources available for communities working to improve landslide hazard preparedness; and

(B)landslide preparedness curricula and training modules for—

(i)State, territorial, local, and Tribal officials;

(ii)Federal, State, territorial, local, and Tribal emergency managers; and

(iii)the National Guard.

(5)In carrying out the program, the Secretary, in coordination with the Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of Homeland Security, shall expand the early warning system for debris flow by—

(A)expanding the early warning system for post-wildfire debris flow to include recently burned areas across the western United States;

(B)developing procedures with State, territorial, local, and Tribal governments to monitor stormwater drainage in areas with high debris flow risk; and

(C)identifying high-risk debris flow areas, such as recently burned land and potential lahar hazard areas.

(6)In carrying out the program, the Secretary, in coordination with the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Homeland Security, the heads of other relevant Federal agencies, States offices, units of local government, territories, and Indian tribes, shall establish and support emergency response procedures for the rapid deployment of Federal scientists, equipment, and services to areas impacted by a significant landslide event—

(A)to support emergency response efforts and improve the safety of emergency responders;

(B)to improve data collection; and

(C)to conduct research to advance the understanding of the causes, impacts, and reduction of landslide hazards and risks.

(c)(1)There is established a committee, to be known as the “Interagency Coordinating Committee on Landslide Hazards”.

(2)The Committee shall be composed of the following members (or their designees):

(A)The Secretary, who shall serve as Chairperson of the Committee.

(B)The Secretary of Agriculture.

(C)The Secretary of the Army.

(D)The Secretary of Commerce.

(E)The Secretary of Homeland Security.

(F)The Secretary of Transportation.

(G)The Director of the National Science Foundation.

(H)The Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy.

(I)The Director of the Office of Management and Budget.

(3)The Committee shall meet at the call of the Chairperson.

(4)The Committee shall—

(A)advise and oversee the program;

(B)facilitate communication and coordination across Federal agencies in the planning, management, budgeting, and execution of landslide activities; and

(C)support the development and execution of the national strategy under subsection (b)(2), including by—

(i)supporting the development of national goals and priorities for the national strategy;

(ii)articulating Federal agency roles, responsibilities, and resources for carrying out the national strategy; and

(iii)overseeing the implementation of the national strategy.

(d)(1)The Secretary shall establish an advisory committee, to be known as the “Advisory Committee on Landslides” (referred to in this subsection as the “Advisory Committee”).

(2)The Advisory Committee shall be composed of not fewer than 11 members—

(A)of whom none may be an individual described in any of subparagraphs (A) through (F) of section 7342(a)(1) of title 5; and

(B)who shall be representatives of—

(i)States, including State geological organizations;

(ii)territories, including territorial geological organizations;

(iii)Indian tribes, including Tribal geological organizations;

(iv)research institutions and institutions of higher education that are qualified—

(I)to provide advice regarding landslide hazard and risk reduction; and

(II)to represent related scientific, architectural, engineering, and planning disciplines;

(v)industry standards development organizations; and

(vi)State, territorial, local, and Tribal emergency management agencies.

(3)(A)The Advisory Committee shall submit to the Committee recommendations for the implementation of the program, including recommendations regarding—

(i)landslide hazard and risk reduction and planning;

(ii)tools for communities;

(iii)research; and

(iv)such other topics as the Advisory Committee determines appropriate.

(B)The Secretary and the agency heads described in subparagraphs (B) through (I) of subsection (c)(2) shall take into consideration any recommendation of the Advisory Committee submitted under subparagraph (A).

(e)(1)(A)Subject to appropriations, the Secretary may—

(i)provide grants, on a competitive basis, to State, territorial, local, and Tribal governments to research, map, assess, and collect data on landslide hazards within the jurisdictions of those governments; and

(ii)accept and use funds received from other Federal and non-Federal partners to advance the purposes of the program.

(B)(i)The Secretary shall consult annually with the Committee, States, units of local government, territories, and Indian tribes to establish priorities for the grant program under this paragraph.

(ii)In providing grants under this paragraph, the Secretary shall give priority to projects—

(I)that will achieve the greatest landslide hazard and risk reduction;

(II)that reflect the goals and priorities of the national strategy established under subsection (b)(2)(A);

(III)not less than 50 percent of the total cost of which is matched by non-Federal sources; and

(IV)that include acquisition of enhanced elevation data consistent with the 3D Elevation Program.

(C)If the Secretary elects to provide grants under subparagraph (A)(i), the Secretary shall publish on a publicly available website a description of—

(i)the grants; and

(ii)the findings made from those grants.

(2)(A)To advance the goals and priorities of the national strategy established under subsection (b)(2)(A), subject to appropriations, the Director of the National Science Foundation (referred to in this paragraph as the “Director”) may provide grants to eligible entities for landslide research, including research on—

(i)the causes, mechanisms, triggers, hydrology, and geology of landslides;

(ii)ways to reduce landslide hazards and risks to minimize loss of life and property, including landslide hazard and risk communication, perception, decisionmaking, tools, and technologies; and

(iii)other goals and priorities of the national strategy established under subsection (b)(2)(A).

(B)The Director shall determine whether an entity is eligible to receive a grant under this paragraph.

(C)In providing grants under this paragraph, the Director shall—

(i)ensure that the grants are provided on a competitive basis;

(ii)consider grant applications submitted by eligible entities that have developed the application in partnership with 1 or more State geological surveys; and

(iii)publish on a publicly available website a description of—

(I)the grants; and

(II)the findings made from those grants.

(f)Through calendar year 2030, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a biennial report, including a description of, with respect to the 2-calendar-year period preceding the date of the report—

(1)the goals and accomplishments of the Committee in carrying out the national strategy developed under subsection (b)(2);

(2)the results of the activities of the Committee under this section; and

(3)the extent to which any recommendations of the Advisory Committee under subsection (d)(3)(A) have been implemented.

(g)Not later than 1 year after a significant landslide event in the United States (including territories) occurs, the Secretary shall publish on a publicly available website—

(1)a description of the landslide event and the implications of the event on communities, including life and property;

(2)recommendations on how the identification of the landslide risk could have been improved prior to the event;

(3)a description of the effectiveness of any warning and risk communication, including the dissemination of warnings by State, territorial, local, and Tribal partners in the affected area;

(4)recommendations to improve risk identification, reduction, and communication to landowners and units of local government;

(5)recommendations to improve landslide hazard preparedness and emergency response activities under this section; and

(6)such other findings as the Secretary determines appropriate.

(h)For each of fiscal years 2021 through 2024—

(1)there is authorized to be appropriated to the United States Geological Survey, $25,000,000 to carry out this section;

(2)there is authorized to be appropriated to the National Science Foundation, $11,000,000 to carry out this section; and

(3)there is authorized to be appropriated to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, $1,000,000 to carry out this section.

(i)Funds to carry out the activities under this section shall be derived from amounts authorized to be appropriated that are enacted after the date of the enactment of this section.

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

43 U.S.C. § 3102

Title 43 — Public Lands

Last Updated

Apr 6, 2026

Release point: 119-73