Revised SectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large) 4430349 App.:1533.Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, § 1303, 72 Stat. 801; restated Nov. 9, 1977, Pub. L. 95–163, § 3, 91 Stat. 1279. In this section, before clause (1), the words “persons, property, or interest” are omitted as unnecessary. In clause (2), the word “property” is substituted for “Cargoes” and “air cargoes” for consistency in the revised title. In clause (2)(B) and (C), the words “its territories, or possessions” are omitted as unnecessary because of the definition of “United States” in
section 40102(a) of the revised title. In clause (2)(C)(ii), the word “contract” is substituted for “contracts of sale or purchase”, and the words “putting . . . on” are substituted for “is assumed by or falls upon”, to eliminate unnecessary words. In clause (2)(D), the word “place” is substituted for “point” for consistency in the revised title. In subclause (i), the words “a State or the District of Columbia” are substituted for “the United States” for clarity and consistency because the definition of “United States” in
section 40102(a) of the revised title is too broad for the context of the clause. The definition in
section 40102(a) includes territories and possession and would therefore overlap with subclauses (ii) and (iii). In subclause (iii), the words “2 places in the same territory or possession of the United States” are substituted for “any point in any such territory or possession and any other point in the same territory or possession” for clarity. In clauses (3) and (4), the word “individuals” is substituted for “persons” as being more appropriate. The words “captains” and “pilots” are omitted as being included in “officers and members of the crew”.
Codification The text of
section 201(b)(2) of Pub. L. 107–42, which was transferred and redesignated so as to appear as subsec. (b) of this section and amended by Pub. L. 107–296, was based on Pub. L. 107–42, title II, § 201(b)(2), Sept. 22, 2001, 115 Stat. 235, formerly included in a note set out under
section 40101 of this title.
2022—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 117–328 substituted “
section 44302 and
44302a” for “
section 44302” in introductory provisions. 2014—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 113–235 substituted “
December 11, 2014” for “the date specified in
section 106(3) of the Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2015”. Pub. L. 113–164 substituted “the date specified in
section 106(3) of the Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2015” for “
September 30, 2014”. Pub. L. 113–76 substituted “
September 30, 2014” for “the date specified in
section 106(3) of the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2014”. 2013—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 113–46 substituted “the date specified in
section 106(3) of the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2014” for “
December 31, 2013”. 2012—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 112–95 substituted “ending on
December 31, 2013, the Secretary may certify” for “ending on
May 17, 2012, the Secretary may certify”. Pub. L. 112–91 substituted “
May 17, 2012,” for “
April 30, 2012,”. 2011—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 112–30 substituted “
April 30, 2012,” for “
December 31, 2011,”. Pub. L. 112–27 substituted “
December 31, 2011,” for “
October 31, 2011,”. Pub. L. 112–21 substituted “
October 31, 2011,” for “
September 30, 2011,”. Pub. L. 112–16 substituted “
September 30, 2011,” for “
August 31, 2011,”. Pub. L. 112–7 substituted “
August 31, 2011,” for “
June 30, 2011,”. 2010—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 111–329 substituted “
June 30, 2011,” for “
March 31, 2011,”. Pub. L. 111–249 substituted “
March 31, 2011,” for “
December 31, 2010,”. Pub. L. 111–216 substituted “
December 31, 2010,” for “
October 31, 2010,”. Pub. L. 111–197 substituted “
October 31, 2010,” for “
September 30, 2010,”. Pub. L. 111–161 substituted “
September 30, 2010,” for “
July 31, 2010,”. Pub. L. 111–153 substituted “
July 31, 2010,” for “
June 30, 2010,”. 2009—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 111–117, which directed the substitution of “
December 31, 2010,” for “
December 31, 2009,”, could not be executed due to the intervening amendment by Pub. L. 111–69. See below. Pub. L. 111–116 substituted “
June 30, 2010,” for “
March 31, 2010,”. Pub. L. 111–69 substituted “
March 31, 2010,” for “
December 31, 2009,”. Pub. L. 111–12 substituted “
December 31, 2009,” for “
May 31, 2009,”. 2008—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–330 substituted “
May 31, 2009,” for “
March 31, 2009,”. Pub. L. 110–253 substituted “
March 31, 2009” for “
December 31, 2008”. 2007—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–161 substituted “2008,” for “2006,”. 2005—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–115 substituted “2006” for “2005”. 2004—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 108–447 substituted “2005” for “2004’. 2003—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–176, § 106(a)(3)(A), substituted “In General” for “In general” in heading. Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 108–176, § 106(a)(3)(B), added par. (6). Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 108–176, § 106(b), inserted at end “The Secretary may extend the provisions of this subsection to an aircraft manufacturer (as defined in
section 44301) of the aircraft of the air carrier involved.” Pub. L. 108–11 substituted “2004” for “2003”. 2002—Pub. L. 107–296 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted heading, transferred and redesignated the text of
section 201(b)(2) of Pub. L. 107–42 so as to appear as subsec. (b), in heading substituted “Air Carrier Liability for Third Party Claims Arising Out of Acts of Terrorism” for “Discretion of the Secretary”, and in text substituted “the period beginning on
September 22, 2001, and ending on
December 31, 2003, the Secretary” for “the 180-day period following the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation” and “this subsection” for “this paragraph”. See Codification note above. 2001—Pub. L. 107–42, § 201(b)(1)(A), inserted “, or reimburse insurance costs, as” after “insurance and reinsurance” in introductory provisions. Par. (1). Pub. L. 107–42, § 201(b)(1)(B), inserted “in the interest of air commerce or national security or” before “to carry out the foreign policy”.
of 2009 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 111–116 effective Jan. 1, 2010, see
section 5(j) of Pub. L. 111–116, set out as a note under
section 40117 of this title. Amendment by Pub. L. 111–12 effective Apr. 1, 2009, see
section 5(j) of Pub. L. 111–12, set out as a note under
section 40117 of this title.
of 2008 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 110–330 effective Oct. 1, 2008, see
section 5(l) of Pub. L. 110–330, set out as a note under
section 40117 of this title. Amendment by Pub. L. 110–253 effective July 1, 2008, see
section 3(d) of Pub. L. 110–253, set out as a note under
section 9502 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.
of 2003 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 108–176 applicable only to fiscal years beginning after Sept. 30, 2003, except as otherwise specifically provided, see
section 3 of Pub. L. 108–176, set out as a note under
section 106 of this title.
of 2002 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 107–296 effective 60 days after Nov. 25, 2002, see
section 4 of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as an