Title 50War and National DefenseRelease 119-73

§3231 Applicability to United States intelligence activities of Federal laws implementing international treaties and agreements

Title 50 › Chapter CHAPTER 44— - NATIONAL SECURITY › Subchapter SUBCHAPTER IX— - ADDITIONAL MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS › § 3231

Last updated Apr 6, 2026|Official source

Summary

If a federal law made on or after December 27, 2000 implements a treaty or international agreement, it should not be read to make illegal a lawful, approved U.S. intelligence activity or a person acting for the U.S., unless the law clearly says it applies to that activity. An activity is approved when an appropriate U.S. official authorizes it while doing their job and it follows federal law and any applicable Presidential directive.

Full Legal Text

Title 50, §3231

War and National Defense — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)No Federal law enacted on or after December 27, 2000, that implements a treaty or other international agreement shall be construed as making unlawful an otherwise lawful and authorized intelligence activity of the United States Government or its employees, or any other person to the extent such other person is carrying out such activity on behalf of, and at the direction of, the United States, unless such Federal law specifically addresses such intelligence activity.
(b)An intelligence activity shall be treated as authorized for purposes of subsection (a) if the intelligence activity is authorized by an appropriate official of the United States Government, acting within the scope of the official duties of that official and in compliance with Federal law and any applicable Presidential directive.

Legislative History

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

Codification Section was formerly classified to section 442 of this title prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

50 U.S.C. § 3231

Title 50War and National Defense

Last Updated

Apr 6, 2026

Release point: 119-73