Country exposure · BM
Bermuda
North America · Hamilton · Overseas Territory of the UK with limited self-government; parliamentary democracy
What Bermuda means for your money — the prices you pay, the tariffs in motion, and where U.S. policy could change both.
$47M
U.S. imports, 2025
+103.8%
change in one year
$571M
U.S. exports, 2025
73K
Population
$9.0B
GDP
In your house
What you buy that Bermuda makes
America bought $47M in goods from Bermuda in 2025 — up 103.8% in a single year. Of every $100 of it, here's where the money went.
U.s. goods returned, and reimports
$44M92.5%
Alcoholic beverages, excluding wine
spirits and liquor
$1M2.5%
Minimum value shipments
$682K1.4%
Toiletries and cosmetics
toiletries and cosmetics
$396K0.8%
Copper
copper for wiring
$368K0.8%
Bauxite and aluminum
aluminum for cans and autos
$118K0.2%
Measuring, testing, control instruments
$114K0.2%
Nonferrous metals, other
$100K0.2%
Cell phones and other household goods, n.e.c.
cell phones and home electronics
$73K0.2%
Industrial machines, other
$64K0.1%
2026 so far (through April): $3M in imports. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, International Trade in Goods (customs basis).
The other direction
What America sells to Bermuda
$571M in 2025 — a trade rupture cuts both ways, for American producers as well as American prices.
Minimum value shipments
$70MCell phones and other household goods, n.e.c.
$29Mcell phones and home electronics
Other foods
$28MPetroleum products, other
$27MMeat, poultry, etc.
$26MTelecommunications equipment
$22Mphones, routers, networking gear
Electric apparatus
$22MMedicinal equipment
$16Mmedical devices and equipment
Computers
$14Mlaptops, desktops, monitors
Where you stand
U.S. tariff posture toward Bermuda
No U.S. tariff action singles this country out. Its goods face the universal 10% temporary import surcharge under Section 122 of the Trade Act (which replaced the IEEPA reciprocal baseline in February 2026) plus the sectoral Section 232 duties — steel and aluminum at 50% — that apply to all countries. The Section 122 surcharge is statutorily temporary — scheduled to lapse on or about July 23, 2026 (a 150-day cap) unless extended or replaced.
Reciprocal tariff (universal baseline)
10%
The universal 10% floor — a Section 122 import surcharge since February 2026, previously the EO 14257 reciprocal baseline — applies to nearly all U.S. imports. This country has no higher assigned rate of its own.
Policy in motion
Tariff status: a moving target
No U.S. tariff action names Bermuda. These are the universal measures — applied to every country without a country-specific arrangement — that set its treatment.
2026-04-06
Section 232 metals coverage expanded
In effectThe April 2026 proclamation strengthening Section 232 actions on aluminum, steel, and copper expanded derivative-product coverage for all countries, keeping the general metals rate at 50%.
91 FR 18201 →2026-02-24
IEEPA reciprocal tariffs terminated — replaced by 10% Section 122 surcharge
In effectExecutive Order 14389 (Ending Certain Tariff Actions) terminated the IEEPA tariff duties — including the EO 14257 reciprocal baseline — effective February 24, 2026. A flat 10% Section 122 temporary import surcharge (Proclamation 11012 of February 20, 2026) replaced them, leaving the universal rate unchanged at 10% on a different statutory basis. Section 122 caps such surcharges at 150 days, so this 10% surcharge is scheduled to lapse on or about July 23, 2026 absent further action (the administration has signaled it could raise the rate toward the 15% statutory maximum).
91 FR 9437 →2025-11-13
Agricultural products exempted from reciprocal tariffs
In effectExecutive Order 14360 of November 14, 2025 removed reciprocal duties from certain agricultural products listed in its annexes (coffee, cocoa, bananas, and other goods the U.S. does not produce in sufficient quantity), retroactive to November 13, 2025 — for all countries subject to the reciprocal tariff.
90 FR 54091 →2025-06-04
Section 232 steel and aluminum duties doubled to 50%
In effectThe June 3, 2025 proclamation raised Section 232 duties on steel and aluminum articles and derivatives from 25% to 50% for all countries, effective June 4, 2025.
90 FR 24199 →2025-04-05
Universal 10% reciprocal baseline takes effect
In effectExecutive Order 14257 (signed April 2, 2025) imposed a 10% ad valorem reciprocal duty on imports from all trading partners, effective April 5, 2025. Countries without a higher Annex I rate remain at this baseline.
Federal Register · 2025-06063 →2025-03-12
Section 232 steel and aluminum duties set at 25% for all countries
In effectProclamations of February 10, 2025 terminated all country exemptions and quota arrangements and applied 25% Section 232 duties to steel and aluminum imports from every country, effective March 12, 2025.
90 FR 9817 →
Reference
The country itself
North America · Geography, people, economy, and government — public-domain data from the CIA World Factbook.
Bermuda was first settled in 1609 by shipwrecked English colonists heading for Virginia. Self-governing since 1620, Bermuda is the oldest and most populous of the British Overseas Territories. Vacationing on the island to escape North American winters first developed in Victorian times. Tourism continues to be important for the island's economy, although international business has overtaken it in recent years as Bermuda has developed into a highly successful offshore financial center. A referendum on independence from the UK was soundly defeated in 1995.
Geography
- Location
- North America, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, east of South Carolina (US)
- Area
- 54 sq km
- Climate
- subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter
- Terrain
- low hills separated by fertile depressions
- Natural resources
- limestone, pleasant climate fostering tourism
- Coastline
- 103 km
- Natural hazards
- hurricanes (June to November)
People & society
- Population
- 72,800 (2024 est.)
- Nationality
- Bermudian(s)
- Ethnic groups
- African descent 52%, White 31%, mixed 9%, Asian 4%, other 4% (2010 est.)
- Languages
- English (official), Portuguese
- Religions
- Protestant 46.2% (includes Anglican 15.8%, African Methodist Episcopal 8.6%, Seventh Day Adventist 6.7%, Pentecostal 3.5%, Methodist 2.7%, Presbyterian 2.0%, Church of God 1.6%, Baptist 1.2%, Salvation Army 1.1%, Brethren 1.0%, other Protestant 2.0%), Roman Catholic 14.5%, Jehovah's Witness 1.3%, other Christian 9.1%, Muslim 1%, other 3.9%, none 17.8%, unspecified 6.2% (2010 est.)
- Median age
- 43.9 years (2025 est.)
- Life expectancy at birth
- 82.5 years (2024 est.)
Economy
- Economic overview
- small, tourism- and construction-based, territorial-island economy; American import and tourist destination; known offshore banking hub; increasing inflation; major re-exportation and re-importation area
- Industries
- international business, tourism, light manufacturing
- Agricultural products
- bananas, vegetables, citrus, flowers; dairy products, honey
- Exports - partners
- Germany 40%, South Africa 38%, Netherlands 15%, USA 2%, Angola 2% (2023)
- Imports - partners
- USA 38%, Cyprus 31%, UK 6%, China 6%, Canada 4% (2023)
Government
- Government type
- Overseas Territory of the UK with limited self-government; parliamentary democracy
- Capital
- Hamilton
- Independence
- none (overseas territory of the UK)
- Constitution
- several previous (dating to 1684); latest entered into force 8 June 1968 (Bermuda Constitution Order 1968)
- Executive branch
- King CHARLES III (since 8 September 2022); represented by Governor Andrew MURDOCH (since 23 January 2025)
- Legislative branch
- Parliament
Full reference data
Every field, by section — CIA World Factbook. Open a topic to expand it.
Introduction
Background
Bermuda was first settled in 1609 by shipwrecked English colonists heading for Virginia. Self-governing since 1620, Bermuda is the oldest and most populous of the British Overseas Territories. Vacationing on the island to escape North American winters first developed in Victorian times. Tourism continues to be important for the island's economy, although international business has overtaken it in recent years as Bermuda has developed into a highly successful offshore financial center. A referendum on independence from the UK was soundly defeated in 1995.
Travel Facts
US State Dept Travel Advisory
The US Department of State currently recommends US citizens exercise normal precautions in Bermuda. Consult its website via the link below for updates to travel advisories and statements on safety, security, local laws, and special circumstances in this country. https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/traveladvisories.html
Passport/Visa Requirements
US citizens should make sure their passport will not expire for at least 6 months after they enter the country even if they do not intend to stay that long. They should also make sure they have at least 1 blank page in their passport for any entry stamp that will be required. A visa is not required.
US Embassy/Consulate
(441) 295-1342; US Consulate in Hamilton, 16 Middle Road Devonshire, DV 03, Bermuda; https://bm.usconsulate.gov/; HamiltonConsulate@state.gov
Telephone Code
441
Local Emergency Phone
911
Vaccinations
See WHO recommendations http://www.who.int/
Climate
Subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter
Currency (Code)
Bermudian dollars (BMD)
Electricity/Voltage/Plug Type(s)
120 V / 60 Hz / plug types(s): A, B (US plug)
Major Languages
English, Portuguese
Major Religions
Protestant, Roman Catholic , Jehovah's Witness, other Christian, Muslim
Time Difference
UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time); daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March, ends first Sunday in November
Potable Water
Opt for bottled water
International Driving Permit
Visitors are not allowed to drive.
Road Driving Side
Left
Tourist Destinations
Horseshoe Bay Beach; Hamilton; Saint George's (includes Saint Peter's Church and Island Fortifications); Bermuda Aquarium, Museum and Zoo; Royal Naval Dockyard; National Museum of Bermuda; Gibb's Hill Lighthouse
Major Sports
Cricket, soccer, rugby, squash
Cultural Practices
Bermudans tend to dress up when dining out.
Tipping Guidelines
If a service charge has not already been included at the restaurant, a tip of 17% of the bill is normal. Your hotel bill should reflect a 10% service charge for baggage handling and maid service.
Souvenirs
Bermuda shorts, handmade cedar furniture and decorative items, costumed dolls, luxury items, rum, perfume
Traditional Cuisine
Bermuda fish chowder — fish stock, fish, vegetables, and bacon fat served with spices or black rum and sherry peppers
CIA source last updated
Thursday, September 29, 2022
Travel resources
Please visit the following links to find further information about your desired destination.
World Health Organization (WHO) - To learn what vaccines and health precautions to take while visiting your destination.
US State Dept Travel Information - Overall information about foreign travel for US citizens.
To obtain an international driving permit (IDP). Only two organizations in the US issue IDPs: American Automobile Association (AAA) and American Automobile Touring Alliance (AATA)
How to get help in an emergency? Contact the nearest US embassy or consulate, or call one of these numbers: from the US or Canada - 1-888-407-4747 or from Overseas - +1 202-501-4444
Page last updated: Thursday, September 29, 2022
Geography
Location
North America, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, east of South Carolina (US)
Geographic coordinates
32 20 N, 64 45 W
Map references
North America
Area - total
54 sq km
Area - land
54 sq km
Area - water
0 sq km
Area - comparative
about one-third the size of Washington, D.C.
Land boundaries - total
0 km
Coastline
103 km
Maritime claims - territorial sea
12 nm
Maritime claims - exclusive economic zone
200 nm
Maritime claims - exclusive fishing zone
200 nm
Climate
subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter
Terrain
low hills separated by fertile depressions
Elevation - highest point
Town Hill 79 m
Elevation - lowest point
Atlantic Ocean 0 m
Natural resources
limestone, pleasant climate fostering tourism
Land use - agricultural land
5.6% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 5.6% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)
Land use - forest
14.4% (2023 est.)
Land use - other
80% (2023 est.)
Irrigated land
NA
Population distribution
relatively even population distribution throughout
Natural hazards
hurricanes (June to November)
Geography - note
the archipelago consists of over 170 coral islands and islets with ample rainfall, as well as thousands of cays, but no rivers or freshwater lakes; some land was leased by the US Government from 1941 to 1995
People and Society
Population - total
72,800 (2024 est.)
Population - male
35,401
Population - female
37,399
Nationality - noun
Bermudian(s)
Nationality - adjective
Bermudian
Ethnic groups
African descent 52%, White 31%, mixed 9%, Asian 4%, other 4% (2010 est.)
Languages
English (official), Portuguese
Religions
Protestant 46.2% (includes Anglican 15.8%, African Methodist Episcopal 8.6%, Seventh Day Adventist 6.7%, Pentecostal 3.5%, Methodist 2.7%, Presbyterian 2.0%, Church of God 1.6%, Baptist 1.2%, Salvation Army 1.1%, Brethren 1.0%, other Protestant 2.0%), Roman Catholic 14.5%, Jehovah's Witness 1.3%, other Christian 9.1%, Muslim 1%, other 3.9%, none 17.8%, unspecified 6.2% (2010 est.)
Age structure - 0-14 years
16.4% (male 6,133/female 5,817)
Age structure - 15-64 years
60.9% (male 22,247/female 22,113)
Age structure - 65 years and over
22.7% (2024 est.) (male 7,021/female 9,469)
Dependency ratios - total dependency ratio
64.1 (2024 est.)
Dependency ratios - youth dependency ratio
26.9 (2024 est.)
Dependency ratios - elderly dependency ratio
37.2 (2024 est.)
Dependency ratios - potential support ratio
2.7 (2024 est.)
Median age - total
43.9 years (2025 est.)
Median age - male
41.5 years
Median age - female
46.3 years
Population growth rate
0.27% (2025 est.)
Birth rate
10.82 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
9.4 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Net migration rate
1.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Population distribution
relatively even population distribution throughout
Urbanization - urban population
100% of total population (2023)
Urbanization - rate of urbanization
-0.2% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Major urban areas - population
10,000 HAMILTON (capital) (2018)
Sex ratio - at birth
1.05 male(s)/female
Sex ratio - 0-14 years
1.05 male(s)/female
Sex ratio - 15-64 years
1.01 male(s)/female
Sex ratio - 65 years and over
0.74 male(s)/female
Sex ratio - total population
0.95 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Infant mortality rate - total
2.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
Infant mortality rate - male
2.5 deaths/1,000 live births
Infant mortality rate - female
1.8 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth - total population
82.5 years (2024 est.)
Life expectancy at birth - male
79.4 years
Life expectancy at birth - female
85.7 years
Total fertility rate
1.88 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
0.92 (2025 est.)
Drinking water source - improved: urban
urban: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)
Drinking water source - improved: total
total: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)
Drinking water source - unimproved: urban
urban: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)
Drinking water source - unimproved: total
total: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)
Sanitation facility access - improved: urban
urban: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)
Sanitation facility access - improved: total
total: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)
Sanitation facility access - unimproved: urban
urban: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)
Sanitation facility access - unimproved: total
total: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
49.7% (2016 est.)
Education expenditure - Education expenditure (% GDP)
1.9% of GDP (2023 est.)
Education expenditure - Education expenditure (% national budget)
7.8% national budget (2017 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) - total
12 years (2023 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) - male
11 years (2023 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) - female
12 years (2023 est.)
Government
Country name - conventional long form
none
Country name - conventional short form
Bermuda
Country name - former
Somers Islands
Country name - etymology
named after Juan de BERMUDEZ, an early 16th-century Spanish sea captain and the first European explorer of the archipelago
Government type
Overseas Territory of the UK with limited self-government; parliamentary democracy
Dependency status
overseas territory of the UK
Capital - name
Hamilton
Capital - geographic coordinates
32 17 N, 64 47 W
Capital - time difference
UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Capital - daylight saving time
+1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November
Capital - etymology
named after Henry HAMILTON, who served as governor of Bermuda from 1788 to 1794
Administrative divisions
9 parishes and 2 municipalities*; Devonshire, Hamilton, Hamilton*, Paget, Pembroke, Saint George*, Saint George's, Sandys, Smith's, Southampton, Warwick
Legal system
English common law
Constitution - history
several previous (dating to 1684); latest entered into force 8 June 1968 (Bermuda Constitution Order 1968)
Constitution - amendment process
proposal procedure - NA; passage by an Order in Council in the UK
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
Citizenship - citizenship by birth
no
Citizenship - citizenship by descent only
at least one parent must be a citizen of the UK
Citizenship - dual citizenship recognized
yes
Citizenship - residency requirement for naturalization
10 years
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch - chief of state
King CHARLES III (since 8 September 2022); represented by Governor Andrew MURDOCH (since 23 January 2025)
Executive branch - head of government
Premier David BURT (since 19 July 2017)
Executive branch - cabinet
Cabinet nominated by the premier, approved by the governor
Executive branch - election/appointment process
the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the governor usually appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as the premier
Legislative branch - legislature name
Parliament
Legislative branch - legislative structure
bicameral
Legislative branch - lower chamber - chamber name
House of Assembly
Legislative branch - lower chamber - number of seats
36 (directly elected)
Legislative branch - lower chamber - electoral system
plurality/majority
Legislative branch - lower chamber - scope of elections
full renewal
Legislative branch - lower chamber - term in office
5 years
Legislative branch - lower chamber - most recent election date
10/1/2020
Legislative branch - lower chamber - parties elected and seats per party
PLP (30); OBA (6)
Legislative branch - lower chamber - percentage of women in chamber
20%
Legislative branch - lower chamber - expected date of next election
2025
Legislative branch - upper chamber - chamber name
Senate
Legislative branch - upper chamber - number of seats
11 (appointed)
Legislative branch - upper chamber - term in office
5 years
Legislative branch - upper chamber - most recent election date
2022
Legislative branch - upper chamber - percentage of women in chamber
63.6%
Legislative branch - upper chamber - expected date of next election
2027
Judicial branch - highest court(s)
Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and at least 2 justices); Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice, 4 puisne judges, and 1 associate justice); the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) is the court of final appeal
Judicial branch - judge selection and term of office
Court of Appeal justice appointed by the governor; justice tenure by individual appointment; Supreme Court judges nominated by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission and appointed by the governor; judge tenure based on terms of appointment
Judicial branch - subordinate courts
commercial court (began in 2006); magistrates' courts
Political parties
Free Democratic Movement or FDM One Bermuda Alliance or OBA Progressive Labor Party or PLP
Diplomatic representation in the US
none (overseas territory of the UK)
Diplomatic representation from the US - chief of mission
Consul General Antoinette HURTADO (since 27 March 2025)
Diplomatic representation from the US - embassy
US Consulate Bermuda, 16 Middle Road, Devonshire, DV 03, Bermuda
Diplomatic representation from the US - mailing address
5300 Hamilton Place, Washington, DC 20520-5300
Diplomatic representation from the US - telephone
(441) 295-1342
Diplomatic representation from the US - FAX
(441) 295-1592
Diplomatic representation from the US - email address and website
Diplomatic representation from the US - consulate(s) general
16 Middle Road, Devonshire DV O3
International organization participation
Caricom (associate), ICC (NGOs), Interpol (subbureau), IOC, ITUC (NGOs), UPU, WCO
Independence
none (overseas territory of the UK)
National holiday
Bermuda Day, 24 May
National holiday - note
note: formerly known as Victoria Day, Empire Day, and Commonwealth Day
Flag
description: a red field with the UK flag in the upper-left quadrant and the Bermudian coat of arms centered on the right half of the flag; the coat of arms is a white shield with a red lion on a green field, holding a scroll showing the sinking of the ship "Sea Venture" history: the 1609 shipwreck of the "Sea Venture" led to the settling of Bermuda
Flag - note
note: Bermuda is the only British overseas territory that uses a red field on its flag; all others use blue
National symbol(s)
red lion
National coat of arms
Bermuda's coat of arms was formally granted by Royal Warrant on 4 October 1910 but has been in use since at least 1624; the red lion is a symbol of Great Britain; the Latin motto under the coat of arms, Quo Fata Ferunt , means "Whither the Fates Carry [Us];" the ship is the Sea Venture , an English ship that was wrecked on then-uninhabited Bermuda in 1609
National anthem(s) - title
"God Save the King"
National anthem(s) - lyrics/music
unknown
National anthem(s) - history
official anthem, as a UK territory
National heritage - total World Heritage Sites
1 (cultural); note - excerpted from the UK entry
National heritage - selected World Heritage Site locales
Historic Town of St. George and Related Fortifications
Economy
Economic overview
small, tourism- and construction-based, territorial-island economy; American import and tourist destination; known offshore banking hub; increasing inflation; major re-exportation and re-importation area
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) - Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
$6.808 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) - Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$6.667 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) - Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$6.355 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) - note
note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP growth rate - Real GDP growth rate 2024
2.1% (2024 est.)
Real GDP growth rate - Real GDP growth rate 2023
4.9% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate - Real GDP growth rate 2022
6.5% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate - note
note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP per capita - Real GDP per capita 2024
$105,300 (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita - Real GDP per capita 2023
$103,100 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita - Real GDP per capita 2022
$98,100 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita - note
note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate)
$8.98 billion (2024 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate) - note
note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
2.8% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021
1.4% (2021 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020
0% (2020 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - note
note: annual % change based on consumer prices
GDP - composition, by sector of origin - agriculture
0.2% (2023 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin - industry
4.6% (2023 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin - services
91.5% (2023 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin - note
note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
GDP - composition, by end use - household consumption
45.6% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - government consumption
11% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - investment in fixed capital
11.3% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - investment in inventories
0% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - exports of goods and services
56.3% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - imports of goods and services
-24.2% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - note
note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Agricultural products
bananas, vegetables, citrus, flowers; dairy products, honey
Industries
international business, tourism, light manufacturing
Industrial production growth rate
-3.6% (2023 est.)
Industrial production growth rate - note
note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Remittances - Remittances 2023
23.7% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances - Remittances 2022
22.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances - Remittances 2021
22.7% of GDP (2021 est.)
Remittances - note
note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Budget - revenues
$999.2 million (2017 est.)
Budget - expenditures
$1.176 billion (2017 est.)
Current account balance - Current account balance 2023
$1.32 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance - Current account balance 2022
$1.135 billion (2022 est.)
Current account balance - Current account balance 2021
$962.258 million (2021 est.)
Current account balance - note
note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports - Exports 2023
$1.599 billion (2023 est.)
Exports - Exports 2022
$1.425 billion (2022 est.)
Exports - Exports 2021
$1.136 billion (2021 est.)
Exports - note
note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
Germany 40%, South Africa 38%, Netherlands 15%, USA 2%, Angola 2% (2023)
Exports - partners - note
note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
crude petroleum, ships, aircraft, liquor, railway cargo containers (2023)
Exports - commodities - note
note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports - Imports 2023
$2.3 billion (2023 est.)
Imports - Imports 2022
$2.235 billion (2022 est.)
Imports - Imports 2021
$1.925 billion (2021 est.)
Imports - note
note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
USA 38%, Cyprus 31%, UK 6%, China 6%, Canada 4% (2023)
Imports - partners - note
note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
ships, refined petroleum, railway cargo containers, packaged medicine, cars (2023)
Imports - commodities - note
note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Exchange rates - Currency
Bermudian dollars (BMD) per US dollar -
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2024
1 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2023
1 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2022
1 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2021
1 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2020
1 (2020 est.)
Energy
Electricity access - electrification - total population
100% (2022 est.)
Electricity - installed generating capacity
172,000 kW (2023 est.)
Electricity - consumption
590.38 million kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity - transmission/distribution losses
43.172 million kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources - fossil fuels
99% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources - biomass and waste
1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Coal - consumption
4 metric tons (2023 est.)
Coal - imports
4 metric tons (2023 est.)
Petroleum - refined petroleum consumption
4,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Energy consumption per capita - Total energy consumption per capita 2023
122.737 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Communications
Telephones - fixed lines - total subscriptions
25,000 (2021 est.)
Telephones - fixed lines - subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
39 (2022 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular - total subscriptions
68,164 (2022 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular - subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
97 (2024 est.)
Broadcast media
3 TV stations; cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; roughly 13 radio stations operating
Internet country code
.bm
Internet users - percent of population
98% (2017 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions - total
23,000 (2022 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions - subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
36 (2022 est.)
Transportation
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
VP-B
Airports
1 (2025)
Merchant marine - total
122 (2023)
Merchant marine - by type
container ship 15, oil tanker 8, other 99
Ports - total ports
4 (2024)
Ports - large
0
Ports - medium
1
Ports - small
2
Ports - very small
0
Ports - size unknown
1
Ports - ports with oil terminals
3
Ports - key ports
Freeport, Hamilton, Ireland Island, St. George
Military and Security
Military and security forces
Royal Bermuda Regiment; Bermuda Police Service (2025)
Military and security forces - note
note: the Royal Bermuda Regiment (aka "The Regiment") includes the Royal Bermuda Regiment Coast Guard
Military and security service personnel strengths
the Royal Bermuda Regiment has about 350 troops (2025)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the Regiment is equipped with small arms (2025)
Military service age and obligation
men and women who are Commonwealth citizens and 18-45 years of age can volunteer for the Bermuda Regiment; service is for a minimum period of three years and two months from the date of enlistment; after completing their initial service, soldiers in the Regiment can choose to extend their service (2025)
Military - note
defense is the responsibility of the UK; the Royal Bermuda Regiment’s responsibilities include maritime security of Bermuda’s inshore waters, search and rescue, ceremonial duties, humanitarian/disaster assistance, security of key installations, and assisting the Bermuda Police with maintaining public order; it includes explosive ordnance disposal, diver, maritime, security police, and support units (2025)
Environment
Environmental issues
air pollution from vehicle emissions; scarce water resources; solid waste disposal; hazardous waste disposal; sewage disposal; overfishing; oil spills
Climate
subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter
Land use - agricultural land
5.6% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 5.6% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)
Land use - forest
14.4% (2023 est.)
Land use - other
80% (2023 est.)
Urbanization - urban population
100% of total population (2023)
Urbanization - rate of urbanization
-0.2% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions - total emissions
577,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions - from coal and metallurgical coke
9 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions - from petroleum and other liquids
577,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Waste and recycling - municipal solid waste generated annually
82,000 tons (2024 est.)
Waste and recycling - percent of municipal solid waste recycled
2% (2012 est.)