Country exposure · GEC-SB
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
North America · Saint-Pierre · parliamentary democracy (Territorial Council); overseas collectivity of France
What Saint Pierre and Miquelon means for your money — the prices you pay, the tariffs in motion, and where U.S. policy could change both.
5K
Population
$261M
GDP
U.S. exposure
Minimal direct economic exposure
Saint Pierre and Miquelon is not a significant U.S. goods-trade partner and has no tracked tariff actions. Policy changes here are unlikely to reach American prices directly.
Reference
The country itself
North America · Geography, people, economy, and government — public-domain data from the CIA World Factbook.
First settled by the French in the early 17th century, Saint Pierre and Miquelon are the sole remaining vestige of France's once vast North American possessions. They attained the status of an overseas collectivity in 2003.
Geography
- Location
- Northern North America, islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, south of Newfoundland (Canada)
- Area
- 242 sq km
- Climate
- cold and wet, with considerable mist and fog; spring and autumn are often windy
- Terrain
- mostly barren rock
- Natural resources
- fish, deepwater ports
- Coastline
- 120 km
- Natural hazards
- persistent fog throughout the year can be a maritime hazard
People & society
- Population
- 5,070 (2025 est.)
- Nationality
- Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women)
- Ethnic groups
- Basques and Bretons (French fishermen)
- Languages
- French (official)
- Religions
- Roman Catholic 99%, other 1%
- Median age
- 51.8 years (2025 est.)
- Life expectancy at birth
- 81.8 years (2024 est.)
Economy
- Economic overview
- high-income, French North American territorial economy; primarily fishing exports; substantial French Government support; highly seasonal labor force; euro user; increasing tourism and aquaculture investments
- Industries
- fish processing and supply base for fishing fleets; tourism
- Agricultural products
- vegetables; poultry, cattle, sheep, pigs; fish
- Exports - partners
- Canada 78%, Ireland 5%, France 5%, Djibouti 4%, UK 2% (2023)
- Imports - partners
- France 57%, Canada 37%, Netherlands 3%, Belgium 2%, Spain 0% (2023)
Government
- Government type
- parliamentary democracy (Territorial Council); overseas collectivity of France
- Capital
- Saint-Pierre
- Independence
- none (overseas collectivity collectivity of France; has been under French control since 1763)
- Constitution
- 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
- Executive branch
- President Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017); represented by Prefect Bruno ANDRE (since September 2023)
- Legislative branch
- Territorial Council (Conseil Territorial)
Full reference data
Every field, by section — CIA World Factbook. Open a topic to expand it.
Introduction
Background
First settled by the French in the early 17th century, Saint Pierre and Miquelon are the sole remaining vestige of France's once vast North American possessions. They attained the status of an overseas collectivity in 2003.
Geography
Location
Northern North America, islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, south of Newfoundland (Canada)
Geographic coordinates
46 50 N, 56 20 W
Map references
North America
Area - total
242 sq km
Area - land
242 sq km
Area - water
0 sq km
Area - note
note: includes eight small islands in the Saint Pierre and the Miquelon groups
Area - comparative
1.5 times the size of Washington, D.C.
Land boundaries - total
0 km
Coastline
120 km
Maritime claims - territorial sea
12 nm
Maritime claims - exclusive economic zone
200 nm
Climate
cold and wet, with considerable mist and fog; spring and autumn are often windy
Terrain
mostly barren rock
Elevation - highest point
Morne de la Grande Montagne 240 m
Elevation - lowest point
Atlantic Ocean 0 m
Natural resources
fish, deepwater ports
Land use - agricultural land
8.7% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 8.7% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)
Land use - forest
5% (2023 est.)
Land use - other
86.3% (2023 est.)
Irrigated land
0 sq km (2022)
Population distribution
most of the population is found on Saint Pierre Island; a small settlement is located on the north end of Miquelon Island
Natural hazards
persistent fog throughout the year can be a maritime hazard
Geography - note
vegetation scanty; the islands are part of the northern Appalachians, along with Newfoundland
People and Society
Population - total
5,070 (2025 est.)
Population - male
2,442
Population - female
2,628
Nationality - noun
Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women)
Nationality - adjective
French
Ethnic groups
Basques and Bretons (French fishermen)
Languages - Languages
French (official)
Languages - major-language sample(s)
The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions
Roman Catholic 99%, other 1%
Age structure - 0-14 years
13.1% (male 346/female 328)
Age structure - 15-64 years
61.6% (male 1,559/female 1,600)
Age structure - 65 years and over
25.3% (2024 est.) (male 571/female 728)
Dependency ratios - total dependency ratio
63.3 (2025 est.)
Dependency ratios - youth dependency ratio
21 (2025 est.)
Dependency ratios - elderly dependency ratio
42.3 (2025 est.)
Dependency ratios - potential support ratio
2.4 (2025 est.)
Median age - total
51.8 years (2025 est.)
Median age - male
50.5 years
Median age - female
51.9 years
Population growth rate
-1.24% (2025 est.)
Birth rate
6.31 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
11.83 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Net migration rate
-6.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Population distribution
most of the population is found on Saint Pierre Island; a small settlement is located on the north end of Miquelon Island
Urbanization - urban population
90.1% of total population (2023)
Urbanization - rate of urbanization
0.75% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Major urban areas - population
6,000 SAINT-PIERRE (capital) (2018)
Sex ratio - at birth
1.06 male(s)/female
Sex ratio - 0-14 years
1.05 male(s)/female
Sex ratio - 15-64 years
0.97 male(s)/female
Sex ratio - 65 years and over
0.78 male(s)/female
Sex ratio - total population
0.93 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Infant mortality rate - total
7.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
Infant mortality rate - male
9.6 deaths/1,000 live births
Infant mortality rate - female
5.8 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth - total population
81.8 years (2024 est.)
Life expectancy at birth - male
79.5 years
Life expectancy at birth - female
84.3 years
Total fertility rate
1.6 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
0.79 (2025 est.)
Sanitation facility access - improved: total
total: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)
Sanitation facility access - unimproved: total
total: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
65.2% (2020 est.)
Government
Country name - conventional long form
Territorial Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Country name - conventional short form
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Country name - local long form
Département de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon
Country name - local short form
Saint-Pierre et Miquelon
Country name - etymology
Saint-Pierre and Miquelon is reputed to be named after two navigators, one called Peter and one called Michael (in a nickname form) or Mikelon, a Basque name
Government type
parliamentary democracy (Territorial Council); overseas collectivity of France
Dependency status
overseas collectivity of France
Capital - name
Saint-Pierre
Capital - geographic coordinates
46 46 N, 56 11 W
Capital - time difference
UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Capital - daylight saving time
+1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November
Capital - etymology
may be named after Saint Peter, the patron saint of fisherman; alternatively, the name may come from one of the two navigators for whom the island as a whole is named
Administrative divisions
no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US government, but 2 communes are considered second-order: Saint Pierre, Miquelon
Legal system
French civil law
Constitution - history
4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Constitution - amendment process
amendment procedures of France's constitution apply
Citizenship
see France
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch - chief of state
President Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017); represented by Prefect Bruno ANDRE (since September 2023)
Executive branch - head of government
President of Territorial Council Marc DIDIO (since 12 January 2026)
Executive branch - cabinet
Le Cabinet du Préfet
Executive branch - election/appointment process
French president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prefect appointed by French president on the advice of French Ministry of Interior; Territorial Council president elected by Territorial Council councilors by absolute majority vote; term NA
Executive branch - most recent election date
13 October 2020
Executive branch - election results
2020: Bernard BRIAND elected President of Territorial Council; Territorial Council vote - 17 for, 2 abstentions 2017: Stephane LENORMAND elected President of Territorial Council vote - NA
Legislative branch - legislature name
Territorial Council (Conseil Territorial)
Legislative branch - legislative structure
unicameral
Legislative branch - number of seats
19 (directly elected)
Legislative branch - electoral system
plurality/majority
Legislative branch - scope of elections
full renewal
Legislative branch - term in office
6 years
Legislative branch - most recent election date
3/27/2022
Legislative branch - parties elected and seats per party
AD (15); Focus on the Future (4)
Legislative branch - expected date of next election
March 2028
Legislative branch - note
note: 1 senator is indirectly elected to the French Senate by an electoral college for a 6-year term, and 1 deputy is directly elected to the French National Assembly for a 5-year term
Judicial branch - highest court(s)
Superior Tribunal of Appeals or Tribunal Supérieur d'Appel (composition NA)
Judicial branch - judge selection and term of office
judge selection and tenure NA
Political parties
Archipelago Tomorrow (Archipel Domain) or AD (affiliated with The Republicans) Focus on the Future (Cap sur l'Avenir) (affiliated with Left Radical Party) Together to Build (Ensemble pour Construire)
Diplomatic representation in the US
none (overseas territory of France)
Diplomatic representation from the US - embassy
none (territorial overseas collectivity of France)
International organization participation
UPU, WFTU (NGOs)
Independence
none (overseas collectivity collectivity of France; has been under French control since 1763)
National holiday
Fête de la Fédération, 14 July (1790)
National holiday - note
note: often incorrectly referred to as Bastille Day, France's national celebration commemorates the storming of the Bastille prison on 14 July 1789 and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy; other names for the holiday are la Fête nationale (National Holiday) and le Quatorze Juillet (14th of July)
Flag
description: a yellow three-masted sailing ship facing the left side rides on a blue background with wavy white lines; a black-over-white wavy line divides the ship from the white wavy lines; on the left side, a vertical band is divided into three heraldic arms: the top (called ikkurina ) is red with a green diagonal cross extending to the corners and overlaid with a white cross, the middle is white with an ermine pattern, and the bottom is red with two yellow lions outlined in black meaning: the arms represent settlers from the Basque Country (top), Brittany, and Normandy in France; blue symbolizes the Atlantic Ocean, and the ship represents explorer Jacques Cartier's ship when he visited the islands in 1536
Flag - note
note: the flag of France used for official occasions
National symbol(s)
16th-century sailing ship
National anthem(s) - title
"La Marseillaise" (The Song of Marseille)
National anthem(s) - lyrics/music
Claude-Joseph ROUGET de Lisle
National anthem(s) - history
official anthem, as a French collectivity
Economy
Economic overview
high-income, French North American territorial economy; primarily fishing exports; substantial French Government support; highly seasonal labor force; euro user; increasing tourism and aquaculture investments
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) - Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2015
$261.3 million (2015 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) - note
note: supplemented by annual payments from France of about $60 million
GDP (official exchange rate)
$261.3 million (2015 est.)
Agricultural products
vegetables; poultry, cattle, sheep, pigs; fish
Industries
fish processing and supply base for fishing fleets; tourism
Exports - partners
Canada 78%, Ireland 5%, France 5%, Djibouti 4%, UK 2% (2023)
Exports - partners - note
note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
processed crustaceans, shellfish (2023)
Exports - commodities - note
note: top export commodities based on value in dollars over $500,000
Imports - partners
France 57%, Canada 37%, Netherlands 3%, Belgium 2%, Spain 0% (2023)
Imports - partners - note
note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
refined petroleum, packaged medicine, cars, plastic products, other foods (2023)
Imports - commodities - note
note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Exchange rates - Currency
euros (EUR) per US dollar -
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2024
0.924 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2023
0.925 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2022
0.95 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2021
0.845 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2020
0.876 (2020 est.)
Energy
Electricity - installed generating capacity
26,000 kW (2023 est.)
Electricity - consumption
48.714 million kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity - transmission/distribution losses
2 million kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources - fossil fuels
100% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Petroleum - refined petroleum consumption
400 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Communications
Telephones - fixed lines - total subscriptions
4,800 (2015 est.)
Telephones - fixed lines - subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
76 (2015 est.)
Broadcast media
8 TV stations, all part of the French Overseas Network, and local cable provided by SPM Telecom; 3 of 4 radio stations are part of the French Overseas Network (2021)
Internet country code
.pm
Internet users - percent of population
88.7% (2022 est.)
Transportation
Airports
2 (2025)
Ports - total ports
2 (2024)
Ports - large
0
Ports - medium
0
Ports - small
1
Ports - very small
0
Ports - size unknown
1
Ports - ports with oil terminals
1
Ports - key ports
Miquelon, St. Pierre
Military and Security
Military - note
defense is the responsibility of France
Environment
Environmental issues
overfishing
Climate
cold and wet, with considerable mist and fog; spring and autumn are often windy
Land use - agricultural land
8.7% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 8.7% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)
Land use - forest
5% (2023 est.)
Land use - other
86.3% (2023 est.)
Urbanization - urban population
90.1% of total population (2023)
Urbanization - rate of urbanization
0.75% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions - total emissions
57,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions - from petroleum and other liquids
57,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)