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Greenland

North America · Nuuk · parliamentary democracy (Parliament of Greenland or Inatsisartut)

What Greenland means for your money — the prices you pay, the tariffs in motion, and where U.S. policy could change both.

Map showing the location of Greenland

$30M

U.S. imports, 2025

-8.6%

change in one year

$9M

U.S. exports, 2025

58K

Population

$3.3B

GDP

In your house

What you buy that Greenland makes

America bought $30M in goods from Greenland in 2025. Of every $100 of it, here's where the money went.

Fish and shellfish

fish, shrimp, shellfish

$29M98.3%

U.s. goods returned, and reimports

$286K1%

Numismatic coins

$119K0.4%

Medicinal equipment

medical devices and equipment

$39K0.1%

Minimum value shipments

$22K0.1%

Industrial supplies, other

$20K0.1%

Sulfur, nonmetallic minerals

$8K0%

Telecommunications equipment

phones, routers, networking gear

$6K0%

Pulp and paper machinery

$4K0%

Electric apparatus

$4K0%

2026 so far (through April): $10M in imports. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, International Trade in Goods (customs basis).

The other direction

What America sells to Greenland

$9M in 2025 — a trade rupture cuts both ways, for American producers as well as American prices.

Laboratory testing instruments

$2M

Telecommunications equipment

$1M

phones, routers, networking gear

Medicinal equipment

$879K

medical devices and equipment

Trucks, buses, and special purpose vehicles

$622K

trucks, buses, SUVs

Industrial machines, other

$515K

Civilian aircraft, engines, equipment, and parts

$503K

Minimum value shipments

$424K

Measuring, testing, control instruments

$364K

Toiletries and cosmetics

$191K

toiletries and cosmetics

Where you stand

U.S. tariff posture toward Greenland

No U.S. tariff action singles this country out. Its goods face the universal 10% temporary import surcharge under Section 122 of the Trade Act (which replaced the IEEPA reciprocal baseline in February 2026) plus the sectoral Section 232 duties — steel and aluminum at 50% — that apply to all countries. The Section 122 surcharge is statutorily temporary — scheduled to lapse on or about July 23, 2026 (a 150-day cap) unless extended or replaced.

Reciprocal tariff (universal baseline)

10%

The universal 10% floor — a Section 122 import surcharge since February 2026, previously the EO 14257 reciprocal baseline — applies to nearly all U.S. imports. This country has no higher assigned rate of its own.

Policy in motion

Tariff status: a moving target

No U.S. tariff action names Greenland. These are the universal measures — applied to every country without a country-specific arrangement — that set its treatment.

  1. 2026-04-06

    Section 232 metals coverage expanded

    In effect

    The April 2026 proclamation strengthening Section 232 actions on aluminum, steel, and copper expanded derivative-product coverage for all countries, keeping the general metals rate at 50%.

    91 FR 18201
  2. 2026-02-24

    IEEPA reciprocal tariffs terminated — replaced by 10% Section 122 surcharge

    In effect

    Executive Order 14389 (Ending Certain Tariff Actions) terminated the IEEPA tariff duties — including the EO 14257 reciprocal baseline — effective February 24, 2026. A flat 10% Section 122 temporary import surcharge (Proclamation 11012 of February 20, 2026) replaced them, leaving the universal rate unchanged at 10% on a different statutory basis. Section 122 caps such surcharges at 150 days, so this 10% surcharge is scheduled to lapse on or about July 23, 2026 absent further action (the administration has signaled it could raise the rate toward the 15% statutory maximum).

    91 FR 9437
  3. 2025-11-13

    Agricultural products exempted from reciprocal tariffs

    In effect

    Executive Order 14360 of November 14, 2025 removed reciprocal duties from certain agricultural products listed in its annexes (coffee, cocoa, bananas, and other goods the U.S. does not produce in sufficient quantity), retroactive to November 13, 2025 — for all countries subject to the reciprocal tariff.

    90 FR 54091
  4. 2025-06-04

    Section 232 steel and aluminum duties doubled to 50%

    In effect

    The June 3, 2025 proclamation raised Section 232 duties on steel and aluminum articles and derivatives from 25% to 50% for all countries, effective June 4, 2025.

    90 FR 24199
  5. 2025-04-05

    Universal 10% reciprocal baseline takes effect

    In effect

    Executive Order 14257 (signed April 2, 2025) imposed a 10% ad valorem reciprocal duty on imports from all trading partners, effective April 5, 2025. Countries without a higher Annex I rate remain at this baseline.

    Federal Register · 2025-06063
  6. 2025-03-12

    Section 232 steel and aluminum duties set at 25% for all countries

    In effect

    Proclamations of February 10, 2025 terminated all country exemptions and quota arrangements and applied 25% Section 232 duties to steel and aluminum imports from every country, effective March 12, 2025.

    90 FR 9817

Made for America

What Greenland makes for America

Greenland is a direct U.S. source of 1 essential good Americans rely on — the items themselves, shipped finished off the line.

Reference

The country itself

North America · Geography, people, economy, and government — public-domain data from the CIA World Factbook.

Greenland, the world's largest island, is about 80% ice capped. The Inuit came to Greenland from North America in a series of migrations that stretched from 2500 BC to the11th century. Vikings reached the island in the 10th century from Iceland; Danish colonization began in the 18th century, and Greenland became part of the Kingdom of Denmark in 1953. It joined the European Community (now the EU) with Denmark in 1973 but withdrew in 1985 over a dispute centered on stringent fishing quotas. Greenland remains a member of the EU's Overseas Countries and Territories Association. The Danish parliament granted Greenland home rule in 1979; the law went into effect the following year. Greenland voted in favor of self-government in 2008 and acquired greater responsibility for internal affairs when the Act on Greenland Self-Government was signed into law in 2009. The Kingdom of Denmark, however, continues to exercise control over several policy areas on behalf of Greenland, including foreign affairs, security, and financial policy, in consultation with Greenland's Self-Rule Government.

Regional map of Greenland

Geography

Location
Northern North America, island between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Canada
Area
2,166,086 sq km
Climate
arctic to subarctic; cool summers, cold winters
Terrain
flat to gradually sloping icecap covers all but a narrow, mountainous, barren, rocky coast
Natural resources
coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, molybdenum, diamonds, gold, platinum, niobium, tantalite, uranium, fish, seals, whales, hydropower, possible oil and gas
Coastline
44,087 km
Natural hazards
continuous permafrost over northern two-thirds of the island

People & society

Population
57,751 (2024 est.)
Nationality
Greenlander(s)
Ethnic groups
Greenlandic 88.1%, Danish 7.1%, Filipino 1.6%, other Nordic peoples 0.9%, and other 2.3% (2024 est.)
Languages
Greenlandic, Danish, English
Religions
Evangelical Lutheran, traditional Inuit spiritual beliefs
Median age
35.6 years (2025 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
74.5 years (2024 est.)

Economy

Economic overview
high-income, self-governing Danish territorial economy; non-EU member but preferential market access; dependent on Danish financial support; exports led by fishing industry; growing tourism and interest in untapped mineral deposits; relies on hydropower for fuel
Industries
fish processing (mainly shrimp and Greenland halibut), anorthosite and ruby mining, handicrafts, hides and skins, small shipyards
Agricultural products
sheep, cattle, reindeer, fish, shellfish
Exports - partners
Denmark 50%, China 23%, UK 5%, Japan 5%, Germany 3% (2023)
Imports - partners
Denmark 58%, Sweden 19%, Spain 8%, Iceland 7%, Canada 2% (2023)

Government

Government type
parliamentary democracy (Parliament of Greenland or Inatsisartut)
Capital
Nuuk
Independence
none (extensive self-rule as part of the Kingdom of Denmark)
Constitution
previous 1953 (Greenland established as a constituency in the Danish constitution), 1979 (Greenland Home Rule Act); latest 21 June 2009 (Greenland Self-Government Act)
Executive branch
King FREDERIK X of Denmark (since 14 January 2024), represented by High Commissioner Julie Praest WILCHE (since May 2022) (2024)
Legislative branch
Parliament (Inatsisartut)

Full reference data

Every field, by section — CIA World Factbook. Open a topic to expand it.

Introduction
Background
Greenland, the world's largest island, is about 80% ice capped. The Inuit came to Greenland from North America in a series of migrations that stretched from 2500 BC to the11th century. Vikings reached the island in the 10th century from Iceland; Danish colonization began in the 18th century, and Greenland became part of the Kingdom of Denmark in 1953. It joined the European Community (now the EU) with Denmark in 1973 but withdrew in 1985 over a dispute centered on stringent fishing quotas. Greenland remains a member of the EU's Overseas Countries and Territories Association. The Danish parliament granted Greenland home rule in 1979; the law went into effect the following year. Greenland voted in favor of self-government in 2008 and acquired greater responsibility for internal affairs when the Act on Greenland Self-Government was signed into law in 2009. The Kingdom of Denmark, however, continues to exercise control over several policy areas on behalf of Greenland, including foreign affairs, security, and financial policy, in consultation with Greenland's Self-Rule Government.
Travel Facts
US State Dept Travel Advisory
The US Department of State currently recommends US citizens exercise increased caution in Greenland due to COVID-19. Consult its website via the link below for updates to travel advisories and statements on safety, security, local laws, and special circumstances in this country. https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/traveladvisories.html
Passport/Visa Requirements
US citizens should make sure their passport will not expire for at least 6 months after they enter the country even if they do not intend to stay that long. They should also make sure they have at least 1 blank page in their passport for any entry stamp that will be required. A visa is not required as long as the stay is less than 90 days.
US Embassy/Consulate
None (self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark); +(45) 3341-7100; EMER: +(45) 3341-7400; US Embassy Copenhagen, Dag Hammarskjöld's Ale 24, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
Telephone Code
299
Local Emergency Phone
112
Vaccinations
See WHO recommendations http://www.who.int/
Climate
Arctic to subarctic; cool summers, cold winters
Currency (Code)
Danish kroner (DKK)
Electricity/Voltage/Plug Type(s)
230 V / 50 Hz / plug types(s): C, E, F, K
Major Languages
Greenlandic (West Greenlandic or Kalaallisut is the official language), Danish, English
Major Religions
Evangelical Lutheran, traditional Inuit spiritual beliefs
Time Difference
UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time); daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October; note: Greenland has four time zones
Potable Water
Yes
International Driving Permit
Suggested
Road Driving Side
Right
Tourist Destinations
Ilulissat Icefjord & Jakobshavn Glacier; Ilulissat Museum; Nuuk Art Museum; Kangerdlugssup Glacier; Qagortoq
Major Sports
Soccer, track and field, handball, skiing
Cultural Practices
The national dish of Greenland is 'suaasat,' a traditional Greenlandic soup often made from seal, whale, reindeer, or seabirds and seasoned with salt and pepper, or bay leaf. The soup often includes onions and potatoes and is thickened with rice or barley. While eating in Greenland, it is customary to keep one's hands visible even when resting. So wrists are often laid on the table.
Tipping Guidelines
All prices include tips and gratuity, but you may round up for good service.
Souvenirs
Bone, antler, or soapstone carvings; gemstones including tugtupite; bead and pendant necklaces; beauty products; leather goods; local berry, meat, and fish items
Traditional Cuisine
Suaasat — a soup made from seal, whale, reindeer, or seabirds, often including onions and potatoes, and seasoned with salt and pepper or bay leaf; the soup is often thickened with rice or by soaking barley in the water overnight
CIA source last updated
Wednesday, July 20, 2022
Travel resources

Please visit the following links to find further information about your desired destination.

World Health Organization (WHO) - To learn what vaccines and health precautions to take while visiting your destination.

US State Dept Travel Information - Overall information about foreign travel for US citizens.

To obtain an international driving permit (IDP). Only two organizations in the US issue IDPs: American Automobile Association (AAA) and American Automobile Touring Alliance (AATA)

How to get help in an emergency? Contact the nearest US embassy or consulate, or call one of these numbers: from the US or Canada - 1-888-407-4747 or from Overseas - +1 202-501-4444

Page last updated: Wednesday, July 20, 2022

Geography
Location
Northern North America, island between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Canada
Geographic coordinates
72 00 N, 40 00 W
Map references
Arctic Region
Area - total
2,166,086 sq km
Area - land
2,166,086 sq km (approximately 1,710,000 sq km ice-covered)
Area - comparative
slightly more than three times the size of Texas
Land boundaries - total
0 km
Coastline
44,087 km
Maritime claims - territorial sea
3 nm
Maritime claims - continental shelf
200 nm or agreed boundaries or median line
Maritime claims - exclusive fishing zone
200 nm or agreed boundaries or median line
Climate
arctic to subarctic; cool summers, cold winters
Terrain
flat to gradually sloping icecap covers all but a narrow, mountainous, barren, rocky coast
Elevation - highest point
Gunnbjorn Fjeld 3,694 m
Elevation - lowest point
Atlantic Ocean 0 m
Elevation - mean elevation
1,792 m
Natural resources
coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, molybdenum, diamonds, gold, platinum, niobium, tantalite, uranium, fish, seals, whales, hydropower, possible oil and gas
Land use - agricultural land
0.6% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 0% (2022 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 0.6% (2023 est.)
Land use - forest
0% (2023 est.)
Land use - other
99.4% (2023 est.)
Irrigated land
NA
Population distribution
settlement concentrated on the southwest shoreline, with limited settlements scattered along the remaining coast; interior is uninhabited
Natural hazards
continuous permafrost over northern two-thirds of the island
Geography - note
dominates North Atlantic Ocean between North America and Europe; sparse population confined to small settlements along coast; close to one-quarter of the population lives in the capital, Nuuk; world's second largest ice sheet after that of Antarctica, covering an area of 1.71 million sq km (660,000 sq mi), or about 79% of the island, and containing 2.85 million cu km (684 thousand cu mi) of ice (almost 7% of the world's fresh water)
People and Society
Population - total
57,751 (2024 est.)
Population - male
29,843
Population - female
27,908
Nationality - noun
Greenlander(s)
Nationality - adjective
Greenlandic
Ethnic groups
Greenlandic 88.1%, Danish 7.1%, Filipino 1.6%, other Nordic peoples 0.9%, and other 2.3% (2024 est.)
Ethnic groups - note
note: data represent population by country of birth
Languages
Greenlandic, Danish, English
Languages - note
note: West Greenlandic or Kalaallisut is the official language; Tunumiisut (East Greenlandic) and Inuktun (Polar Inuit Greenlandic) are considered dialects of Kalaallisut and spoken by about 10% of Greenlanders
Religions
Evangelical Lutheran, traditional Inuit spiritual beliefs
Age structure - 0-14 years
20.4% (male 5,964/female 5,798)
Age structure - 15-64 years
67.1% (male 20,050/female 18,711)
Age structure - 65 years and over
12.5% (2024 est.) (male 3,829/female 3,399)
Dependency ratios - total dependency ratio
49 (2024 est.)
Dependency ratios - youth dependency ratio
30.3 (2024 est.)
Dependency ratios - elderly dependency ratio
18.6 (2024 est.)
Dependency ratios - potential support ratio
5.4 (2024 est.)
Median age - total
35.6 years (2025 est.)
Median age - male
35.9 years
Median age - female
34.7 years
Population growth rate
-0.08% (2025 est.)
Birth rate
13.32 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
9.29 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Net migration rate
-4.82 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Population distribution
settlement concentrated on the southwest shoreline, with limited settlements scattered along the remaining coast; interior is uninhabited
Urbanization - urban population
87.9% of total population (2023)
Urbanization - rate of urbanization
0.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Major urban areas - population
18,000 NUUK (capital) (2018)
Sex ratio - at birth
1.05 male(s)/female
Sex ratio - 0-14 years
1.03 male(s)/female
Sex ratio - 15-64 years
1.07 male(s)/female
Sex ratio - 65 years and over
1.13 male(s)/female
Sex ratio - total population
1.07 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Infant mortality rate - total
8.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
Infant mortality rate - male
9.9 deaths/1,000 live births
Infant mortality rate - female
6.9 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth - total population
74.5 years (2024 est.)
Life expectancy at birth - male
71.8 years
Life expectancy at birth - female
77.3 years
Total fertility rate
1.87 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
0.91 (2025 est.)
Drinking water source - improved: total
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Drinking water source - unimproved: total
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Physician density
1.87 physicians/1,000 population (2016)
Sanitation facility access - improved: total
total: 62.5% of population (2022 est.)
Sanitation facility access - unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population
Sanitation facility access - unimproved: rural
rural: 0% of population
Sanitation facility access - unimproved: total
total: 37.5% of population (2022 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
38.8% (2022 est.)
Education expenditure
10.2% of GDP (2019 est.)
Government
Country name - conventional long form
none
Country name - conventional short form
Greenland
Country name - local long form
none
Country name - local short form
Kalaallit Nunaat
Country name - etymology
named by Norse navigator Erik THORVALDSSON (Erik the Red) in A.D. 985 to attract settlers to the island; the original Greenlandic name, Kalaallit Nunaat, means "land of the people"
Government type
parliamentary democracy (Parliament of Greenland or Inatsisartut)
Dependency status
part of the Kingdom of Denmark; self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark since 1979
Capital - name
Nuuk
Capital - geographic coordinates
64 11 N, 51 45 W
Capital - time difference
UTC-2 (3 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Capital - daylight saving time
+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Capital - time zone note
Greenland has three time zones
Capital - etymology
nuuk is the Inuit word for "cape;" until 1979, the name was Godthab, from the Danish words meaning "good hope"
Administrative divisions
5 municipalities ( kommuner , singular - kommune ); Avannaata, Kujalleq, Qeqertalik, Qeqqata, Sermersooq
Administrative divisions - note
note: Northeast Greenland National Park (Kalaallit Nunaanni Nuna Eqqissisimatitaq) and the Pituffik Space Base (formerly known as Thule Air Base) in northwest Greenland are two unincorporated areas; the national park's 972,000 sq km -- about 46% of the island -- makes it the largest national park in the world and also the most northerly
Legal system
Denmark's laws apply in some areas, and Greenland's law for the remainder
Constitution - history
previous 1953 (Greenland established as a constituency in the Danish constitution), 1979 (Greenland Home Rule Act); latest 21 June 2009 (Greenland Self-Government Act)
Citizenship
see Denmark
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch - chief of state
King FREDERIK X of Denmark (since 14 January 2024), represented by High Commissioner Julie Praest WILCHE (since May 2022) (2024)
Executive branch - head of government
Prime Minister Jens-Frederik NIELSEN (since 28 March 2025)
Executive branch - cabinet
Self-rule Government (Naalakkersuisut) elected by the Parliament (Inatsisartut)
Executive branch - election/appointment process
the monarchy is hereditary; high commissioner appointed by the monarch; premier indirectly elected by Parliament for a 4-year term
Executive branch - election results
2025: Jens-Frederik NIELSEN (D) elected premier 2021: Mute B. EGEDE elected premier; Parliament vote - Mute B. EGEDE (Inuit Ataqatigiit) unanimous 2014: Kim KIELSEN elected premier; Parliament vote - Kim KIELSEN (S) 27.2%, Sara OLSVIG (IA) 25.5%, Randi Vestergaard EVALDSEN (D) 19.5%, other 27.8%
Legislative branch - legislature name
Parliament (Inatsisartut)
Legislative branch - legislative structure
unicameral
Legislative branch - number of seats
31 (directly elected)
Legislative branch - electoral system
proportional representation
Legislative branch - scope of elections
full renewal
Legislative branch - term in office
4 years
Legislative branch - most recent election date
4/6/2021
Legislative branch - parties elected and seats per party
IA (12); S (10); N (4); D (3); A (2)
Legislative branch - percentage of women in chamber
35%
Legislative branch - expected date of next election
2025
Legislative branch - note
note: Greenland elects 2 members to the Danish Parliament to serve 4-year terms
Judicial branch - highest court(s)
High Court of Greenland (consists of the presiding professional judge and 2 lay assessors)
Judicial branch - judge selection and term of office
judges appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the Judicial Appointments Council, a 6-member independent body of judges and lawyers; judges appointed for life with retirement at age 70
Judicial branch - subordinate courts
Court of Greenland; 18 district or magistrates' courts
Judicial branch - note
note: appeals beyond the High Court of Greenland can be heard by the Supreme Court (in Copenhagen)
Political parties
Democrats Party (Demokraatit) or D Fellowship Party (Atassut) or A Forward Party (Siumut) or S Inuit Community (Inuit Ataqatigiit) or IA Signpost Party (Naleraq) or N (formerly Partii Naleraq)
Diplomatic representation in the US - chief of mission
Kenneth HøEGH, Head of Representation (since 1 August 2021)
Diplomatic representation in the US - chancery
3200 Whitehaven Street, NW Washington, DC 20008
Diplomatic representation in the US - telephone
[1] (202) 234-4300
Diplomatic representation in the US - FAX
[1] (202) 328-1470
Diplomatic representation in the US - email address and website
washington@nanoq.gl All Greenlandic Representations | Grønlands Repræsentation (grl-rep.dk); https://naalakkersuisut.gl/en/Naalakkersuisut/Groenlands-repraesentation-Washington
Diplomatic representation in the US - note
note : Greenland also has offices in the Danish consulates in Chicago and New York
Diplomatic representation from the US - chief of mission
Consul Susan A. "Suzi" WILSON (since August 2025)
Diplomatic representation from the US - embassy
Aalisartut Aqqutaa 47 Nuuk 3900 Greenland
Diplomatic representation from the US - telephone
(+299) 384100
Diplomatic representation from the US - email address and website
USConsulateNuuk@state.gov Homepage - U.S. Embassy & Consulate in the Kingdom of Denmark (usembassy.gov)
International organization participation
Arctic Council, ICC, NC, NIB, UPU
Independence
none (extensive self-rule as part of the Kingdom of Denmark)
National holiday
National Day, June 21
National holiday - note
note: marks the summer solstice and the longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere
Flag
description: two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red, with a large disk set slightly to the left; the top half of the disk is red, and the bottom is white meaning: the design represents the sun reflecting off a field of ice; the colors are the same as the Danish flag and symbolize Greenland's links to the Kingdom of Denmark
National symbol(s)
polar bear
National color(s)
red, white
National anthem(s) - title
"Nuna asiilasooq" (The Land of Great Length)
National anthem(s) - lyrics/music
unknown
National anthem(s) - history
adopted 1979, when home rule was granted; the Greenlandic government recognizes this local Kalaallit song as a secondary anthem
National heritage - total World Heritage Sites
3 (2 cultural, 1 natural); note - excerpted from the Denmark entry
National heritage - selected World Heritage Site locales
Ilulissat Icefjord (n); Kujataa, Norse, and Inuit Farming (c); Aasivissuit–Nipisat, Inuit Hunting Ground (c)
Economy
Economic overview
high-income, self-governing Danish territorial economy; non-EU member but preferential market access; dependent on Danish financial support; exports led by fishing industry; growing tourism and interest in untapped mineral deposits; relies on hydropower for fuel
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) - Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$4.04 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) - Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$4.005 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) - Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021
$3.926 billion (2021 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) - note
note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP growth rate - Real GDP growth rate 2023
0.9% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate - Real GDP growth rate 2022
2% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate - Real GDP growth rate 2021
1.6% (2021 est.)
Real GDP growth rate - note
note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP per capita - Real GDP per capita 2023
$71,000 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita - Real GDP per capita 2022
$70,700 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita - Real GDP per capita 2021
$69,300 (2021 est.)
Real GDP per capita - note
note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate)
$3.327 billion (2023 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate) - note
note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
1.2% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021
0% (2021 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020
2.1% (2020 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - note
note: annual % change based on consumer prices
GDP - composition, by sector of origin - agriculture
16.6% (2023 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin - industry
18.4% (2023 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin - services
61% (2023 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin - note
note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
GDP - composition, by end use - household consumption
32.6% (2023 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - government consumption
41.7% (2023 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - investment in fixed capital
34.7% (2023 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - investment in inventories
1.3% (2023 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - exports of goods and services
40.8% (2023 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - imports of goods and services
-51.1% (2023 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - note
note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Agricultural products
sheep, cattle, reindeer, fish, shellfish
Industries
fish processing (mainly shrimp and Greenland halibut), anorthosite and ruby mining, handicrafts, hides and skins, small shipyards
Industrial production growth rate
-1.3% (2023 est.)
Industrial production growth rate - note
note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Budget - revenues
$1.719 billion (2016 est.)
Budget - expenditures
$1.594 billion (2016 est.)
Exports - Exports 2023
$1.357 billion (2023 est.)
Exports - Exports 2022
$1.286 billion (2022 est.)
Exports - Exports 2021
$1.122 billion (2021 est.)
Exports - note
note: GDP expenditure basis - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
Denmark 50%, China 23%, UK 5%, Japan 5%, Germany 3% (2023)
Exports - partners - note
note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
fish, shellfish, processed crustaceans, ships, precious stones (2023)
Exports - commodities - note
note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports - Imports 2023
$1.7 billion (2023 est.)
Imports - Imports 2022
$1.657 billion (2022 est.)
Imports - Imports 2021
$1.635 billion (2021 est.)
Imports - note
note: GDP expenditure basis - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
Denmark 58%, Sweden 19%, Spain 8%, Iceland 7%, Canada 2% (2023)
Imports - partners - note
note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
refined petroleum, ships, garments, plastic products, furniture (2023)
Imports - commodities - note
note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Exchange rates - Currency
Danish kroner (DKK) per US dollar -
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2024
6.894 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2023
6.89 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2022
7.076 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2021
6.287 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2020
6.542 (2020 est.)
Energy
Electricity access - electrification - total population
100% (2022 est.)
Electricity - installed generating capacity
190,000 kW (2023 est.)
Electricity - consumption
534.5 million kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity - transmission/distribution losses
10 million kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources - fossil fuels
13.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources - solar
0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources - hydroelectricity
85.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources - biomass and waste
0.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Coal - imports
5 metric tons (2023 est.)
Coal - proven reserves
383 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Petroleum - refined petroleum consumption
4,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Communications
Telephones - fixed lines - total subscriptions
6,000 (2020 est.)
Telephones - fixed lines - subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
9 (2022 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular - total subscriptions
67,000 (2021 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular - subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
118 (2021 est.)
Broadcast media
Greenland Broadcasting Company provides public radio and TV, with a broadcast station and a series of repeaters; a few private local TV and radio stations; Danish public radio rebroadcasts are available (2019)
Internet country code
.gl
Internet users - percent of population
70% (2017 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions - total
18,000 (2022 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions - subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
32 (2022 est.)
Transportation
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
OY-H
Airports
25 (2025)
Heliports
54 (2025)
Merchant marine - total
10 (2023)
Merchant marine - by type
other 10
Ports - total ports
23 (2024)
Ports - large
0
Ports - medium
0
Ports - small
7
Ports - very small
10
Ports - size unknown
6
Ports - ports with oil terminals
5
Ports - key ports
Aasiaat, Illulissat (Jakobshavn), Kusanartoq, Nuuk, Paamuit (Frederikshab), Qeqertarsuaq, Sisimiut
Military and Security
Military and security forces
no regular military forces
Military - note
the Danish military’s Joint Arctic Command in Nuuk is responsible for coordinating Denmark's defense of Greenland the US Space Force maintains a base on Greenland’s northwest coast, about 750 miles from the North Pole
Environment
Environmental issues
changes in sea levels and other disruptions in the Arctic environment
Climate
arctic to subarctic; cool summers, cold winters
Land use - agricultural land
0.6% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 0% (2022 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 0.6% (2023 est.)
Land use - forest
0% (2023 est.)
Land use - other
99.4% (2023 est.)
Urbanization - urban population
87.9% of total population (2023)
Urbanization - rate of urbanization
0.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions - total emissions
527,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions - from coal and metallurgical coke
12 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions - from petroleum and other liquids
527,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Waste and recycling - municipal solid waste generated annually
50,000 tons (2024 est.)