Country exposure · KG
Kyrgyzstan
Central Asia · Bishkek · parliamentary republic
What Kyrgyzstan means for your money — the prices you pay, the tariffs in motion, and where U.S. policy could change both.
$32M
U.S. imports, 2025
+92%
change in one year
$156M
U.S. exports, 2025
6M
Population
$17.5B
GDP
In your house
What you buy that Kyrgyzstan makes
America bought $32M in goods from Kyrgyzstan in 2025 — up 92% in a single year. Of every $100 of it, here's where the money went.
Computer accessories
keyboards, drives, computer parts
$14M43.3%
Finished metal shapes
$8M25.8%
Other parts and accessories of vehicles
car parts and accessories
$2M7.8%
Cell phones and other household goods, n.e.c.
cell phones and home electronics
$1M3.3%
Engines and engine parts
$791K2.5%
Footwear
shoes and sneakers
$705K2.2%
Feedstuff and foodgrains
$481K1.5%
Toys, games, and sporting goods
toys, games, sporting goods
$426K1.3%
Other foods
$398K1.3%
Apparel, textiles, nonwool or cotton
synthetic and performance apparel
$398K1.3%
2026 so far (through April): $3M in imports. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, International Trade in Goods (customs basis).
The other direction
What America sells to Kyrgyzstan
$156M in 2025 — a trade rupture cuts both ways, for American producers as well as American prices.
Passenger cars, new and used
$49Mnew and used cars
Other parts and accessories of vehicles
$30Mcar parts and accessories
Other foods
$12MToys, games, and sporting goods
$5Mtoys, games, sporting goods
Toiletries and cosmetics
$4Mtoiletries and cosmetics
Medicinal equipment
$4Mmedical devices and equipment
Civilian aircraft, engines, equipment, and parts
$4MMinimum value shipments
$3MApparel,household goods-nontextile
$3Mleather goods and accessories
Where you stand
U.S. tariff posture toward Kyrgyzstan
No U.S. tariff action singles this country out. Its goods face the universal 10% temporary import surcharge under Section 122 of the Trade Act (which replaced the IEEPA reciprocal baseline in February 2026) plus the sectoral Section 232 duties — steel and aluminum at 50% — that apply to all countries. The Section 122 surcharge is statutorily temporary — scheduled to lapse on or about July 23, 2026 (a 150-day cap) unless extended or replaced.
Reciprocal tariff (universal baseline)
10%
The universal 10% floor — a Section 122 import surcharge since February 2026, previously the EO 14257 reciprocal baseline — applies to nearly all U.S. imports. This country has no higher assigned rate of its own.
Policy in motion
Tariff status: a moving target
No U.S. tariff action names Kyrgyzstan. These are the universal measures — applied to every country without a country-specific arrangement — that set its treatment.
2026-04-06
Section 232 metals coverage expanded
In effectThe April 2026 proclamation strengthening Section 232 actions on aluminum, steel, and copper expanded derivative-product coverage for all countries, keeping the general metals rate at 50%.
91 FR 18201 →2026-02-24
IEEPA reciprocal tariffs terminated — replaced by 10% Section 122 surcharge
In effectExecutive Order 14389 (Ending Certain Tariff Actions) terminated the IEEPA tariff duties — including the EO 14257 reciprocal baseline — effective February 24, 2026. A flat 10% Section 122 temporary import surcharge (Proclamation 11012 of February 20, 2026) replaced them, leaving the universal rate unchanged at 10% on a different statutory basis. Section 122 caps such surcharges at 150 days, so this 10% surcharge is scheduled to lapse on or about July 23, 2026 absent further action (the administration has signaled it could raise the rate toward the 15% statutory maximum).
91 FR 9437 →2025-11-13
Agricultural products exempted from reciprocal tariffs
In effectExecutive Order 14360 of November 14, 2025 removed reciprocal duties from certain agricultural products listed in its annexes (coffee, cocoa, bananas, and other goods the U.S. does not produce in sufficient quantity), retroactive to November 13, 2025 — for all countries subject to the reciprocal tariff.
90 FR 54091 →2025-06-04
Section 232 steel and aluminum duties doubled to 50%
In effectThe June 3, 2025 proclamation raised Section 232 duties on steel and aluminum articles and derivatives from 25% to 50% for all countries, effective June 4, 2025.
90 FR 24199 →2025-04-05
Universal 10% reciprocal baseline takes effect
In effectExecutive Order 14257 (signed April 2, 2025) imposed a 10% ad valorem reciprocal duty on imports from all trading partners, effective April 5, 2025. Countries without a higher Annex I rate remain at this baseline.
Federal Register · 2025-06063 →2025-03-12
Section 232 steel and aluminum duties set at 25% for all countries
In effectProclamations of February 10, 2025 terminated all country exemptions and quota arrangements and applied 25% Section 232 duties to steel and aluminum imports from every country, effective March 12, 2025.
90 FR 9817 →
Made for America
What Kyrgyzstan makes for America
Kyrgyzstan is a direct U.S. source of 1 essential good Americans rely on — the items themselves, shipped finished off the line.
Reference
The country itself
Central Asia · Geography, people, economy, and government — public-domain data from the CIA World Factbook.
Kyrgyzstan is a Central Asian country of incredible natural beauty and proud nomadic traditions. The Russian Empire annexed most of the territory of present-day Kyrgyzstan in 1876. The Kyrgyz staged a major revolt against the Tsarist Empire in 1916, during which almost one-sixth of the Kyrgyz population was killed. Kyrgyzstan became a Soviet republic in 1926 and achieved independence in 1991 when the USSR dissolved. Nationwide demonstrations in 2005 and 2010 resulted in the ouster of the country’s first two presidents, Askar AKAEV and Kurmanbek BAKIEV. Almazbek ATAMBAEV was sworn in as president in 2011. In 2017, ATAMBAEV became the first Kyrgyzstani president to serve a full term and respect constitutional term limits, voluntarily stepping down at the end of his mandate. Former prime minister and ruling Social-Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan member Sooronbay JEENBEKOV replaced him after winning the 2017 presidential election, which was the most competitive in the country’s history despite reported cases of vote buying and abuse of public resources. In 2020, protests against parliamentary election results spread across Kyrgyzstan, leading to JEENBEKOV’s resignation and catapulting previously imprisoned Sadyr JAPAROV to acting president. In 2021, Kyrgyzstanis formally elected JAPAROV as president and approved a referendum to move Kyrgyzstan from a parliamentary to a presidential system. In 2021, Kyrgyzstanis voted in favor of constitutional changes that consolidated power in the presidency. Pro-government parties won a majority in the 2021 legislative elections. Continuing concerns for Kyrgyzstan include the trajectory of democratization, endemic corruption, tense regional relations, vulnerabilities due to climate change, border security vulnerabilities, and potential terrorist threats.
Geography
- Location
- Central Asia, west of China, south of Kazakhstan
- Area
- 199,951 sq km
- Climate
- dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan Mountains; subtropical in southwest (Fergana Valley); temperate in northern foothill zone
- Terrain
- peaks of the Tien Shan mountain range and associated valleys and basins encompass the entire country
- Natural resources
- abundant hydropower; gold, rare earth metals; locally exploitable coal, oil, and natural gas; other deposits of nepheline, mercury, bismuth, lead, and zinc
- Coastline
- 0 km (landlocked)
- Natural hazards
- major flooding during snow melt; prone to earthquakes
People & society
- Population
- 6,219,751 (2025 est.)
- Nationality
- Kyrgyzstani(s)
- Ethnic groups
- Kyrgyz 73.8%, Uzbek 14.8%, Russian 5.1%, Dungan 1.1%, other 5.2% (includes Uyghur, Tajik, Turk, Kazakh, Tatar, Ukrainian, Korean, German) (2021 est.)
- Languages
- Kyrgyz (state language) 71.4%, Uzbek 14.4%, Russian (official language) 9%, other 5.2% (2009 est.)
- Religions
- Muslim 90% (majority Sunni), Christian 7% (Russian Orthodox 3%), other 3% (includes Jewish, Buddhist, Baha'i) (2017 est.)
- Median age
- 28.6 years (2025 est.)
- Life expectancy at birth
- 72.9 years (2024 est.)
Economy
- Economic overview
- landlocked, lower-middle-income Central Asian economy; natural resource rich; growing hydroelectricity and tourism; high remittances; corruption limits investment; COVID-19 and political turmoil hurt GDP, limited public revenues, and increased spending
- Industries
- small machinery, textiles, food processing, cement, shoes, lumber, refrigerators, furniture, electric motors, gold, rare earth metals
- Agricultural products
- milk, potatoes, maize, sugar beets, wheat, barley, tomatoes, onions, watermelons, carrots/turnips (2023)
- Exports - partners
- Switzerland 30%, Russia 19%, Kazakhstan 14%, UAE 10%, Turkey 8% (2023)
- Imports - partners
- China 44%, Russia 12%, Kazakhstan 6%, Turkey 6%, Uzbekistan 4% (2023)
Government
- Government type
- parliamentary republic
- Capital
- Bishkek
- Independence
- 31 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union)
- Constitution
- previous 1993, 2007, 2010; latest approved by referendum in 2021
- Executive branch
- President Sadyr JAPAROV (since 28 January 2021)
- Legislative branch
- Supreme Council (Jogorku Kenesh)
Full reference data
Every field, by section — CIA World Factbook. Open a topic to expand it.
Introduction
Background
Kyrgyzstan is a Central Asian country of incredible natural beauty and proud nomadic traditions. The Russian Empire annexed most of the territory of present-day Kyrgyzstan in 1876. The Kyrgyz staged a major revolt against the Tsarist Empire in 1916, during which almost one-sixth of the Kyrgyz population was killed. Kyrgyzstan became a Soviet republic in 1926 and achieved independence in 1991 when the USSR dissolved. Nationwide demonstrations in 2005 and 2010 resulted in the ouster of the country’s first two presidents, Askar AKAEV and Kurmanbek BAKIEV. Almazbek ATAMBAEV was sworn in as president in 2011. In 2017, ATAMBAEV became the first Kyrgyzstani president to serve a full term and respect constitutional term limits, voluntarily stepping down at the end of his mandate. Former prime minister and ruling Social-Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan member Sooronbay JEENBEKOV replaced him after winning the 2017 presidential election, which was the most competitive in the country’s history despite reported cases of vote buying and abuse of public resources. In 2020, protests against parliamentary election results spread across Kyrgyzstan, leading to JEENBEKOV’s resignation and catapulting previously imprisoned Sadyr JAPAROV to acting president. In 2021, Kyrgyzstanis formally elected JAPAROV as president and approved a referendum to move Kyrgyzstan from a parliamentary to a presidential system. In 2021, Kyrgyzstanis voted in favor of constitutional changes that consolidated power in the presidency. Pro-government parties won a majority in the 2021 legislative elections. Continuing concerns for Kyrgyzstan include the trajectory of democratization, endemic corruption, tense regional relations, vulnerabilities due to climate change, border security vulnerabilities, and potential terrorist threats.
Travel Facts
US State Dept Travel Advisory
The US Department of State currently recommends US citizens exercise normal precautions in Kyrgyzstan. Consult its website via the link below for updates to travel advisories and statements on safety, security, local laws, and special circumstances in this country. https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/traveladvisories.html
Passport/Visa Requirements
US citizens should make sure their passport will not expire for at least 6 months after they enter the country even if they do not intend to stay that long. They should also make sure they have at least 1 blank page in their passport for any entry stamp that will be required. A visa is not required as long as the stay is less than 60 days.
US Embassy/Consulate
+(996)(312) 597-000; EMER: +(996)(312) 597-733; US Embassy Bishkek, 171 Prospect Mira, Bishkek 720016, Kyrgyz Republic; ConsularBishkek@state.gov; https://kg.usembassy.gov/
Telephone Code
996
Local Emergency Phone
103
Vaccinations
An International Certificate of Vaccination for yellow fever is required for travelers arriving from countries with a risk of yellow fever transmission and for travelers having transited through the airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission. See WHO recommendations. http://www.who.int/
Climate
Dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan Mountains; subtropical in southwest (Fergana Valley); temperate in northern foothill zone
Currency (Code)
Soms (KGS)
Electricity/Voltage/Plug Type(s)
220 V / 50 Hz / plug types(s): C, F
Major Languages
Kyrgyz (official), Uzbek, Russian
Major Religions
Muslim 90% (majority Sunni), Christian 7% (Russian Orthodox 3%), other 3% (includes Jewish, Buddhist, Baha'i)
Time Difference
UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Potable Water
Opt for bottled water
International Driving Permit
Suggested
Road Driving Side
Right
Tourist Destinations
Issyk Kul Lake; Bishkek; Ala Archa National Park; Burana Tower; Song Kul; Tash Rabat; Sulaiman-Too; Tien Shan mountain range; Kyrgyz yurt
Major Sports
Soccer, wrestling, ice hockey
Cultural Practices
Eldest and most respected members of a party will often sit at the head of the table, furthest from the door.
Tipping Guidelines
In general, most restaurants include a 10-15% service charge and tipping is not required.
Souvenirs
felt rugs and felt-crafted clothing/cloth and decorative items, silver jewelry, chess sets, miniature wood-carved yurts
Traditional Cuisine
Beshbarmak — horse or lamb meat with flat noodles and onion sauce
CIA source last updated
Monday, August 08, 2022
Travel resources
Please visit the following links to find further information about your desired destination.
World Health Organization (WHO) - To learn what vaccines and health precautions to take while visiting your destination.
US State Dept Travel Information - Overall information about foreign travel for US citizens.
To obtain an international driving permit (IDP). Only two organizations in the US issue IDPs: American Automobile Association (AAA) and American Automobile Touring Alliance (AATA)
How to get help in an emergency? Contact the nearest US embassy or consulate, or call one of these numbers: from the US or Canada - 1-888-407-4747 or from Overseas - +1 202-501-4444
Page last updated: Monday, August 08, 2022
Geography
Location
Central Asia, west of China, south of Kazakhstan
Geographic coordinates
41 00 N, 75 00 E
Map references
Asia
Area - total
199,951 sq km
Area - land
191,801 sq km
Area - water
8,150 sq km
Area - comparative
slightly smaller than South Dakota
Land boundaries - total
4,573 km
Land boundaries - border countries
China 1,063 km; Kazakhstan 1,212 km; Tajikistan 984 km; Uzbekistan 1,314 km
Coastline
0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims
none (landlocked)
Climate
dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan Mountains; subtropical in southwest (Fergana Valley); temperate in northern foothill zone
Terrain
peaks of the Tien Shan mountain range and associated valleys and basins encompass the entire country
Elevation - highest point
Jengish Chokusu (Pik Pobedy) 7,439 m
Elevation - lowest point
Kara-Daryya (Karadar'ya) 132 m
Elevation - mean elevation
2,988 m
Natural resources
abundant hydropower; gold, rare earth metals; locally exploitable coal, oil, and natural gas; other deposits of nepheline, mercury, bismuth, lead, and zinc
Land use - agricultural land
54% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 6.7% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 0.4% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 46.9% (2023 est.)
Land use - forest
6.5% (2023 est.)
Land use - other
39.4% (2023 est.)
Irrigated land
10,041 sq km (2022)
Major lakes (area sq km) - salt water lake(s)
Ozero Issyk-Kul 6,240 sq km note - second largest saline lake after the Caspian Sea; second highest mountain lake after Lake Titicaca; it is an endorheic mountain basin; although surrounded by snow capped mountains it never freezes
Major rivers (by length in km)
Syr Darya river source (shared with Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Kazakhstan [m]) - 3,078 km note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
Major watersheds (area sq km) - Internal (endorheic basin) drainage
Tarim Basin (1,152,448 sq km), (Aral Sea basin) Amu Darya (534,739 sq km), Syr Darya (782,617 sq km)
Population distribution
the vast majority of Kyrgyzstanis live in rural areas; densest population settlement is to the north in and around the capital, Bishkek, followed by Osh in the west; the least densely populated area is the east, in the Tien Shan mountains
Natural hazards
major flooding during snow melt; prone to earthquakes
Geography - note
landlocked; entirely mountainous, dominated by the Tien Shan range; 94% of the country is 1,000 m above sea level with an average elevation of 2,750 m; many tall peaks, glaciers, and high-altitude lakes
People and Society
Population - total
6,219,751 (2025 est.)
Population - male
3,043,940
Population - female
3,175,811
Nationality - noun
Kyrgyzstani(s)
Nationality - adjective
Kyrgyzstani
Ethnic groups
Kyrgyz 73.8%, Uzbek 14.8%, Russian 5.1%, Dungan 1.1%, other 5.2% (includes Uyghur, Tajik, Turk, Kazakh, Tatar, Ukrainian, Korean, German) (2021 est.)
Languages - Languages
Kyrgyz (state language) 71.4%, Uzbek 14.4%, Russian (official language) 9%, other 5.2% (2009 est.)
Languages - major-language sample(s)
Дүйнөлүк фактылар китеби, негизги маалыматтын маанилүү булагы. (Kyrgyz) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions
Muslim 90% (majority Sunni), Christian 7% (Russian Orthodox 3%), other 3% (includes Jewish, Buddhist, Baha'i) (2017 est.)
Age structure - 0-14 years
29.1% (male 922,086/female 873,245)
Age structure - 15-64 years
64% (male 1,935,200/female 2,013,733)
Age structure - 65 years and over
6.9% (2024 est.) (male 164,032/female 263,805)
Dependency ratios - total dependency ratio
56 (2025 est.)
Dependency ratios - youth dependency ratio
44.6 (2025 est.)
Dependency ratios - elderly dependency ratio
11.4 (2025 est.)
Dependency ratios - potential support ratio
8.8 (2025 est.)
Median age - total
28.6 years (2025 est.)
Median age - male
26.9 years
Median age - female
29.8 years
Population growth rate
0.75% (2025 est.)
Birth rate
18.26 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
5.99 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Net migration rate
-4.75 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Population distribution
the vast majority of Kyrgyzstanis live in rural areas; densest population settlement is to the north in and around the capital, Bishkek, followed by Osh in the west; the least densely populated area is the east, in the Tien Shan mountains
Urbanization - urban population
37.8% of total population (2023)
Urbanization - rate of urbanization
2.05% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Major urban areas - population
1.105 million BISHKEK (capital) (2023)
Sex ratio - at birth
1.07 male(s)/female
Sex ratio - 0-14 years
1.06 male(s)/female
Sex ratio - 15-64 years
0.96 male(s)/female
Sex ratio - 65 years and over
0.62 male(s)/female
Sex ratio - total population
0.96 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth
22.6 years (2019 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
42 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Infant mortality rate - total
24 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
Infant mortality rate - male
28.6 deaths/1,000 live births
Infant mortality rate - female
20.2 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth - total population
72.9 years (2024 est.)
Life expectancy at birth - male
68.9 years
Life expectancy at birth - female
77.2 years
Total fertility rate
2.43 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
1.18 (2025 est.)
Drinking water source - improved: urban
urban: 99.2% of population (2022 est.)
Drinking water source - improved: rural
rural: 85.8% of population (2022 est.)
Drinking water source - improved: total
total: 90.8% of population (2022 est.)
Drinking water source - unimproved: urban
urban: 0.8% of population (2022 est.)
Drinking water source - unimproved: rural
rural: 14.2% of population (2022 est.)
Drinking water source - unimproved: total
total: 9.2% of population (2022 est.)
Health expenditure - Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
5.4% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure - Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
7.6% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
1.85 physicians/1,000 population (2023)
Hospital bed density
4.2 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Sanitation facility access - improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Sanitation facility access - improved: rural
rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Sanitation facility access - improved: total
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Sanitation facility access - unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Sanitation facility access - unimproved: rural
rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Sanitation facility access - unimproved: total
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
16.6% (2016)
Alcohol consumption per capita - total
4.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita - beer
0.43 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita - wine
0.23 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita - spirits
3.35 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita - other alcohols
0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Tobacco use - total
26% (2025 est.)
Tobacco use - male
50.7% (2025 est.)
Tobacco use - female
3.1% (2025 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight
2.9% (2023 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
57.4% (2023 est.)
Child marriage - women married by age 15
0.3% (2018)
Child marriage - women married by age 18
12.9% (2018)
Education expenditure - Education expenditure (% GDP)
6.8% of GDP (2023 est.)
Education expenditure - Education expenditure (% national budget)
19.6% national budget (2024 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) - total
13 years (2024 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) - male
12 years (2024 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) - female
13 years (2024 est.)
Government
Country name - conventional long form
Kyrgyz Republic
Country name - conventional short form
Kyrgyzstan
Country name - local long form
Kyrgyz Respublikasy
Country name - local short form
Kyrgyzstan
Country name - etymology
named for the local Kyrgyz people, with "-stan" coming from the Persian word ostan , meaning "country;" the Kyrgyz name may derive from the Turkic root words kir , or "steppe," and gismek , "to wander;" the name is traditionally said to come from a combination of the Turkic words kyrg (forty) and - is (hundred), based on a tale about two tribes and the number of their tents
Government type
parliamentary republic
Capital - name
Bishkek
Capital - geographic coordinates
42 52 N, 74 36 E
Capital - time difference
UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Capital - etymology
the meaning of the name is unknown; the city was founded in 1862 as a Russian settlement on the site of an Uzbek fortress named Bishkek; the Russian version of the name was Pishpek, and the original name only came back into use in 1991
Administrative divisions
7 provinces ( oblustar , singular - oblus ) and 2 cities* ( shaarlar , singular - shaar ); Batken Oblusu, Bishkek Shaary*, Chuy Oblusu (Bishkek), Jalal-Abad Oblusu, Naryn Oblusu, Osh Oblusu, Osh Shaary*, Talas Oblusu, Ysyk-Kol Oblusu (Karakol)
Administrative divisions - note
note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers; exceptions show the administrative center name in parentheses
Legal system
civil law system that includes features of French civil law and Russian Federation laws
Constitution - history
previous 1993, 2007, 2010; latest approved by referendum in 2021
Constitution - amendment process
proposed as a draft law by the majority of the Supreme Council membership or by petition of 300,000 voters; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Council membership in each of at least three readings of the draft two months apart; the draft may be submitted to a referendum if approved by two thirds of the Council membership; adoption requires the signature of the president
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
Citizenship - citizenship by birth
no
Citizenship - citizenship by descent only
at least one parent must be a citizen of Kyrgyzstan
Citizenship - dual citizenship recognized
yes, but only if a mutual treaty on dual citizenship is in force
Citizenship - residency requirement for naturalization
5 years
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch - chief of state
President Sadyr JAPAROV (since 28 January 2021)
Executive branch - head of government
Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers Adylbek KASYMALIYEV (since 18 December 2024)
Executive branch - cabinet
Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president
Executive branch - election/appointment process
president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a five-year term (eligible for a second term)
Executive branch - most recent election date
10 January 2021
Executive branch - election results
2021: Sadyr JAPAROV elected president in first round; percent of vote - Sadyr JAPAROV (Mekenchil) 79.2%, Adakhan MADUMAROV (United Kyrgyzstan) 6.8%, other 14% 2017: Sooronbay JEENBEKOV elected president; Sooronbay JEENBEKOV (Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan) 54.7%, Omurbek BABANOV (independent) 33.8%, Adakhan MADUMAROV (United Kyrgyzstan) 6.6%, other 4.9%
Executive branch - expected date of next election
2027
Executive branch - note
note: the president is both chief of state and head of government
Legislative branch - legislature name
Supreme Council (Jogorku Kenesh)
Legislative branch - legislative structure
unicameral
Legislative branch - number of seats
90 (all directly elected)
Legislative branch - electoral system
other systems
Legislative branch - scope of elections
full renewal
Legislative branch - term in office
5 years
Legislative branch - most recent election date
11/30/2025
Legislative branch - parties elected and seats per party
Ata-Jurt Kyrgyzstan (Fatherland) (15); Ishenim (Trust) (12); Yntymak (Harmony) (9); Alyans (Alliance) (7); Butun Kyrgyzstan (United) (6); Yiman Nuru (Ray of Faith) (5); Independents (34)
Legislative branch - percentage of women in chamber
22.2%
Legislative branch - expected date of next election
November 2030
Judicial branch - highest court(s)
Supreme Court (consists of 25 judges); Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court (consists of the chairperson, deputy chairperson, and 9 judges)
Judicial branch - judge selection and term of office
Supreme Court and Constitutional Court judges appointed by the Supreme Council on the recommendation of the president; Supreme Court judges serve for 10 years, Constitutional Court judges serve for 15 years; mandatory retirement at age 70 for judges of both courts
Judicial branch - subordinate courts
Higher Court of Arbitration; oblast (provincial) and city courts
Political parties
Afghan's Party Alliance Cohesion Fatherland Kyrgyzstan Ishenim Light of Faith Mekenchil Social Democrats or SDK United Kyrgyzstan
Diplomatic representation in the US - chief of mission
Ambassador Aibek MOLDOGAZIEV (since 11 June 2025)
Diplomatic representation in the US - chancery
2360 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
Diplomatic representation in the US - telephone
[1] (202) 449-9822
Diplomatic representation in the US - FAX
[1] (202) 449-8275
Diplomatic representation in the US - email address and website
kgembassy.usa@mfa.gov.kg Embassy of the Kyrgyz Republic in the USA and Canada (mfa.gov.kg)
Diplomatic representation from the US - chief of mission
Ambassador Lesslie VIGUERIE (since 29 December 2022)
Diplomatic representation from the US - embassy
171 Prospect Mira, Bishkek 720016
Diplomatic representation from the US - mailing address
7040 Bishkek Place, Washington DC 20521-7040
Diplomatic representation from the US - telephone
[996] (312) 597-000
Diplomatic representation from the US - FAX
[996] (312) 597-744
Diplomatic representation from the US - email address and website
International organization participation
ADB, CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEU, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EITI (compliant country), FAO, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SCO, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Independence
31 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union)
National holiday
Independence Day, 31 August (1991)
Flag
description: red field with a yellow sun in the center that has 40 rays that run counterclockwise on the front of the flag and clockwise on the reverse; in the center of the sun is a red ring crossed by two sets of three lines in a stylized representation of a tunduk, the circular opening at the top of a traditional Kyrgyz yurt meaning: the sun's rays represent the Kyrgyz tribes; red stands for bravery and valor, and the sun for peace and wealth
National symbol(s)
white falcon
National color(s)
red, yellow
National coat of arms
adopted in 1992, the coat of arms of Kyrgyzstan highlights two of its best-known geographic features, Issyk-Kul Lake and the Tien Shan mountain range; the falcon, the national symbol, stands for nobleness and purity, and light blue for courage and generosity; the word “Kyrgyz” appears at the top of the emblem, and “Republic” at the bottom; the wheat, cotton, and rising sun were symbols used during the Soviet era
National anthem(s) - title
"Kyrgyz Respublikasynyn Mamlekettik Gimni" (National Anthem of the Kyrgyz Republic)
National anthem(s) - lyrics/music
Djamil SADYKOV and Eshmambet KULUEV/Nasyr DAVLESOV and Kalyi MOLDOBASANOV
National anthem(s) - history
adopted 1992
National heritage - total World Heritage Sites
3 (2 cultural, 1 natural)
National heritage - selected World Heritage Site locales
Sulaiman-Too Sacred Mountain (c); Silk Roads: the Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor (c); Western Tien Shan (n)
Economy
Economic overview
landlocked, lower-middle-income Central Asian economy; natural resource rich; growing hydroelectricity and tourism; high remittances; corruption limits investment; COVID-19 and political turmoil hurt GDP, limited public revenues, and increased spending
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) - Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
$50.907 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) - Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$46.686 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) - Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$42.826 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) - note
note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP growth rate - Real GDP growth rate 2024
9% (2024 est.)
Real GDP growth rate - Real GDP growth rate 2023
9% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate - Real GDP growth rate 2022
9% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate - note
note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP per capita - Real GDP per capita 2024
$7,000 (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita - Real GDP per capita 2023
$6,600 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita - Real GDP per capita 2022
$6,100 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita - note
note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate)
$17.478 billion (2024 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate) - note
note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023
10.8% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
13.9% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021
11.9% (2021 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - note
note: annual % change based on consumer prices
GDP - composition, by sector of origin - agriculture
8.6% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin - industry
24.7% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin - services
52.1% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin - note
note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
GDP - composition, by end use - household consumption
88.3% (2023 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - government consumption
16% (2023 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - investment in fixed capital
22% (2023 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - investment in inventories
12.5% (2023 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - exports of goods and services
36.9% (2023 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - imports of goods and services
-95.5% (2023 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - note
note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Agricultural products
milk, potatoes, maize, sugar beets, wheat, barley, tomatoes, onions, watermelons, carrots/turnips (2023)
Agricultural products - note
note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Industries
small machinery, textiles, food processing, cement, shoes, lumber, refrigerators, furniture, electric motors, gold, rare earth metals
Industrial production growth rate
9.4% (2024 est.)
Industrial production growth rate - note
note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Labor force
3.197 million (2024 est.)
Labor force - note
note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Unemployment rate - Unemployment rate 2024
3.3% (2024 est.)
Unemployment rate - Unemployment rate 2023
4% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate - Unemployment rate 2022
4.1% (2022 est.)
Unemployment rate - note
note: % of labor force seeking employment
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) - total
6.8% (2024 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) - male
6.3% (2024 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) - female
7.7% (2024 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) - note
note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Population below poverty line
33.3% (2021 est.)
Population below poverty line - note
note: % of population with income below national poverty line
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income - Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022
26.4 (2022 est.)
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income - note
note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%
4.4% (2022 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - highest 10%
22% (2022 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - note
note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
Remittances - Remittances 2023
18.8% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances - Remittances 2022
26.6% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances - Remittances 2021
32.6% of GDP (2021 est.)
Remittances - note
note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Budget - revenues
$4.84 billion (2023 est.)
Budget - expenditures
$4.452 billion (2023 est.)
Budget - note
note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Public debt - Public debt 2023
40.5% of GDP (2023 est.)
Public debt - note
note: central government debt as a % of GDP
Taxes and other revenues
19.6% (of GDP) (2023 est.)
Taxes and other revenues - note
note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Current account balance - Current account balance 2022
-$5.18 billion (2022 est.)
Current account balance - Current account balance 2021
-$737.696 million (2021 est.)
Current account balance - Current account balance 2020
$374.257 million (2020 est.)
Current account balance - note
note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports - Exports 2022
$3.628 billion (2022 est.)
Exports - Exports 2021
$3.292 billion (2021 est.)
Exports - Exports 2020
$2.435 billion (2020 est.)
Exports - note
note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
Switzerland 30%, Russia 19%, Kazakhstan 14%, UAE 10%, Turkey 8% (2023)
Exports - partners - note
note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
gold, coal, precious metal ore, refined petroleum, garments (2023)
Exports - commodities - note
note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports - Imports 2022
$10.655 billion (2022 est.)
Imports - Imports 2021
$5.928 billion (2021 est.)
Imports - Imports 2020
$4.051 billion (2020 est.)
Imports - note
note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
China 44%, Russia 12%, Kazakhstan 6%, Turkey 6%, Uzbekistan 4% (2023)
Imports - partners - note
note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
cars, garments, refined petroleum, fabric, footwear (2023)
Imports - commodities - note
note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024
$5.089 billion (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023
$3.237 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022
$2.799 billion (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - note
note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Debt - external - Debt - external 2023
$3.617 billion (2023 est.)
Debt - external - note
note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Exchange rates - Currency
soms (KGS) per US dollar -
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2024
87.15 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2023
87.856 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2022
84.116 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2021
84.641 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2020
77.346 (2020 est.)
Energy
Electricity access - electrification - total population
99.7% (2022 est.)
Electricity access - electrification - urban areas
100%
Electricity access - electrification - rural areas
99.6%
Electricity - installed generating capacity
3.944 million kW (2023 est.)
Electricity - consumption
14.872 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity - exports
428.01 million kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity - imports
3.929 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity - transmission/distribution losses
2.363 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources - fossil fuels
14.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources - hydroelectricity
85.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Coal - production
3.685 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Coal - consumption
4.212 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Coal - exports
1.672 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Coal - imports
1.443 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Coal - proven reserves
28.499 billion metric tons (2023 est.)
Petroleum - total petroleum production
6,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Petroleum - refined petroleum consumption
31,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Petroleum - crude oil estimated reserves
40 million barrels (2021 est.)
Natural gas - production
28.638 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
Natural gas - consumption
435.336 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
Natural gas - imports
406.698 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
Natural gas - proven reserves
5.663 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Energy consumption per capita - Total energy consumption per capita 2023
27.58 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Communications
Telephones - fixed lines - total subscriptions
185,000 (2023 est.)
Telephones - fixed lines - subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
3 (2023 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular - total subscriptions
7.72 million (2024 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular - subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
107 (2024 est.)
Broadcast media
state-funded public TV broadcaster NTRK operates Ala-Too 24 news channel and 4 other educational, cultural, and sports channels; ELTR is a state-owned TV station; the switchover to digital TV in 2017 resulted in private TV station growth; approximately 20 TV stations are struggling to increase Kyrgyz-language content to 60% of airtime, as required by law, instead of rebroadcasting programs from Russian channels or airing unlicensed movies and music; several Russian TV stations also broadcast; state-funded radio stations and about 10 significant private radio stations (2023)
Internet country code
.kg
Internet users - percent of population
89% (2023 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions - total
456,000 (2023 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions - subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
6 (2023 est.)
Transportation
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
EX
Airports
28 (2025)
Heliports
1 (2025)
Railways - total
424 km (2022)
Railways - broad gauge
424 km (2018) 1.520-m gauge
Military and Security
Military and security forces
Armed Forces of the Kyrgyz Republic: Land Forces (Kygyz Army), Air Defense Forces (Kyrgyz Air Force), National Guard of the Armed Forces of the Kyrgyz Republic Ministry of Internal Affairs: Internal Security Service State Committee for National Security: Border Guard Service (2025)
Military and security forces - note
note: the National Guard’s missions include counterterrorism, responding to emergencies, and the protection of government facilities
Military expenditures - Military Expenditures 2024
3% of GDP (2024 est.)
Military expenditures - Military Expenditures 2023
3.5% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military expenditures - Military Expenditures 2022
3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military expenditures - Military Expenditures 2021
2.8% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military expenditures - Military Expenditures 2020
3% of GDP (2020 est.)
Military and security service personnel strengths
limited available information; estimated 10-15,000 active Armed Forces, including the National Guard (2025)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the Kyrgyz military inventory is comprised almost entirely of Russian and Soviet-era weapons and equipment; in recent years, the military has acquired small amounts of armaments from other suppliers such as Türkiye, which provided unmanned aerial vehicles/drones (2025)
Military service age and obligation
18-27 years of age for compulsory or voluntary service for men in the Armed Forces or Interior Ministry; 12-month service obligation (9 months for university graduates), with optional fee-based 3-year service in the call-up mobilization reserve; women may volunteer at age 19; 16-17 years of age for military cadets, who cannot take part in military operations (2025)
Military - note
the Kyrgyz military’s primary responsibility is defense of the country’s sovereignty and territory, although it also has some internal security duties; the military also participates in UN and Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) peacekeeping missions, as well as bilateral and multinational exercises; particular issues of concern include border security and terrorism; the military’s closest security partner is Russia, which provides training and material assistance, and maintains a presence in the country, including an airbase; the military also conducts training with other regional countries such as India, traditionally with a focus on counterterrorism Kyrgyzstan has been a member of CSTO since 1994 and contributes troops to CSTO's rapid reaction force; it also started a relationship with NATO in 1992 and joined NATO's Partnership for Peace program in 1994 (2025)
Terrorism
Terrorist group(s)
US-designated foreign terrorist groups such as the Islamic Jihad Union, the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan, and the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham-Khorasan Province have operated in the area where the Uzbek, Kyrgyz, and Tajik borders converge and ill-defined and porous borders allow for the relatively free movement of people and illicit goods
Transnational Issues
Refugees and internally displaced persons - refugees
25,413 (2024 est.)
Refugees and internally displaced persons - IDPs
12 (2024 est.)
Refugees and internally displaced persons - stateless persons
925 (2024 est.)
Trafficking in persons - tier rating
Tier 2 Watch List — the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts to eliminate trafficking compared with the previous reporting period, therefore Kyrgyzstan remained on Tier 2 Watch List for the second consecutive year; for more details, go to: https://www.state.gov/reports/2025-trafficking-in-persons-report/kyrgyz-republic/
Environment
Environmental issues
water pollution; increasing soil salinity from irrigation practices; air pollution due to vehicle traffic
International environmental agreements - party to
Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
International environmental agreements - signed, but not ratified
none of the selected agreements
Climate
dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan Mountains; subtropical in southwest (Fergana Valley); temperate in northern foothill zone
Land use - agricultural land
54% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 6.7% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 0.4% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 46.9% (2023 est.)
Land use - forest
6.5% (2023 est.)
Land use - other
39.4% (2023 est.)
Urbanization - urban population
37.8% of total population (2023)
Urbanization - rate of urbanization
2.05% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions - total emissions
11.389 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions - from coal and metallurgical coke
6.301 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions - from petroleum and other liquids
4.234 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions - from consumed natural gas
854,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
40.9 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Waste and recycling - municipal solid waste generated annually
1.113 million tons (2024 est.)
Waste and recycling - percent of municipal solid waste recycled
14.6% (2022 est.)
Total water withdrawal - municipal
224 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Total water withdrawal - industrial
336 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Total water withdrawal - agricultural
7.1 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Total renewable water resources
23.618 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)