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Flag of Tokelau

Tokelau

Australia Oceania · UTC+13 (18 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) · parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy

What Tokelau means for your money — the prices you pay, the tariffs in motion, and where U.S. policy could change both.

Map showing the location of Tokelau

$102K

U.S. imports, 2025

-44.4%

change in one year

$264K

U.S. exports, 2025

2K

Population

$13M

GDP

In your house

What you buy that Tokelau makes

America bought $102K in goods from Tokelau in 2025 — down 44.4% in a single year. Of every $100 of it, here's where the money went.

Minimum value shipments

$102K100%

2026 so far (through April): $54K in imports. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, International Trade in Goods (customs basis).

The other direction

What America sells to Tokelau

$264K in 2025 — a trade rupture cuts both ways, for American producers as well as American prices.

Nuts

$124K

Plastic materials

$88K

plastics for packaging and goods

Minimum value shipments

$52K

Where you stand

U.S. tariff posture toward Tokelau

No U.S. tariff action singles this country out. Its goods face the universal 10% temporary import surcharge under Section 122 of the Trade Act (which replaced the IEEPA reciprocal baseline in February 2026) plus the sectoral Section 232 duties — steel and aluminum at 50% — that apply to all countries. The Section 122 surcharge is statutorily temporary — scheduled to lapse on or about July 23, 2026 (a 150-day cap) unless extended or replaced.

Reciprocal tariff (universal baseline)

10%

The universal 10% floor — a Section 122 import surcharge since February 2026, previously the EO 14257 reciprocal baseline — applies to nearly all U.S. imports. This country has no higher assigned rate of its own.

Policy in motion

Tariff status: a moving target

No U.S. tariff action names Tokelau. These are the universal measures — applied to every country without a country-specific arrangement — that set its treatment.

  1. 2026-04-06

    Section 232 metals coverage expanded

    In effect

    The April 2026 proclamation strengthening Section 232 actions on aluminum, steel, and copper expanded derivative-product coverage for all countries, keeping the general metals rate at 50%.

    91 FR 18201
  2. 2026-02-24

    IEEPA reciprocal tariffs terminated — replaced by 10% Section 122 surcharge

    In effect

    Executive Order 14389 (Ending Certain Tariff Actions) terminated the IEEPA tariff duties — including the EO 14257 reciprocal baseline — effective February 24, 2026. A flat 10% Section 122 temporary import surcharge (Proclamation 11012 of February 20, 2026) replaced them, leaving the universal rate unchanged at 10% on a different statutory basis. Section 122 caps such surcharges at 150 days, so this 10% surcharge is scheduled to lapse on or about July 23, 2026 absent further action (the administration has signaled it could raise the rate toward the 15% statutory maximum).

    91 FR 9437
  3. 2025-11-13

    Agricultural products exempted from reciprocal tariffs

    In effect

    Executive Order 14360 of November 14, 2025 removed reciprocal duties from certain agricultural products listed in its annexes (coffee, cocoa, bananas, and other goods the U.S. does not produce in sufficient quantity), retroactive to November 13, 2025 — for all countries subject to the reciprocal tariff.

    90 FR 54091
  4. 2025-06-04

    Section 232 steel and aluminum duties doubled to 50%

    In effect

    The June 3, 2025 proclamation raised Section 232 duties on steel and aluminum articles and derivatives from 25% to 50% for all countries, effective June 4, 2025.

    90 FR 24199
  5. 2025-04-05

    Universal 10% reciprocal baseline takes effect

    In effect

    Executive Order 14257 (signed April 2, 2025) imposed a 10% ad valorem reciprocal duty on imports from all trading partners, effective April 5, 2025. Countries without a higher Annex I rate remain at this baseline.

    Federal Register · 2025-06063
  6. 2025-03-12

    Section 232 steel and aluminum duties set at 25% for all countries

    In effect

    Proclamations of February 10, 2025 terminated all country exemptions and quota arrangements and applied 25% Section 232 duties to steel and aluminum imports from every country, effective March 12, 2025.

    90 FR 9817

Reference

The country itself

Australia Oceania · Geography, people, economy, and government — public-domain data from the CIA World Factbook.

Tokelau is composed of three atolls (Fakaofo, Atafu, and Nukunonu), and it was first settled by Polynesians around A.D. 1000. The atolls operated relatively independently, but Fakaofo Atoll eventually subjugated the others. British explorers first saw the atolls in 1765 and 1791. Catholic and Protestant missionaries arrived in the 1840s and converted the population on the islands on which they landed. In 1863 Peruvian slave raiders abducted many islanders, and roughly contemporary outbreaks of disease reduced the population to about 200. Settlers of diverse nationalities subsequently intermarried with Tokelauans. In the same period, local governance moved to a system based on a Council of Elders, which still exists today. British interest began in the late 1870s, and Tokelau became a British protectorate in 1889, and in 1916 under the name Union Group, Tokelau became part of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony. In 1925, the UK placed Tokelau under New Zealand administration. The Tokelau Islands Act of 1948 formally transferred sovereignty from the UK to New Zealand, and Tokelauans were granted New Zealand citizenship. In 1979, the US relinquished its claim to Tokelau in the Treaty of Tokehega, and Tokelau relinquished its claim to Swains Island, which is part of American Samoa. Economic opportunities in Tokelau are sparse, and about 80% of Tokelauans live in New Zealand. Tokelau held self-governance referendums in 2006 and 2007 in which more than 60% of voters chose free association with New Zealand; however, the referendums failed to achieve the two-thirds majority necessary to enact a status change.

Regional map of Tokelau

Geography

Location
Oceania, group of three atolls in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Area
12 sq km
Climate
tropical; moderated by trade winds (April to November)
Terrain
low-lying coral atolls enclosing large lagoons
Natural resources
fish
Coastline
101 km
Natural hazards
lies in Pacific cyclone belt

People & society

Population
2,453 (2024 est.)
Nationality
Tokelauan(s)
Ethnic groups
Tokelauan 64.5%, part Tokelauan/Samoan 9.7%, part Tokelauan/Tuvaluan 2.8%, Tuvaluan 7.5%, Samoan 5.8%, other Pacific Islander 3.4%, other 5.6%, unspecified 0.8% (2016 est.)
Languages
Tokelauan 88.1% (a Polynesian language), English 48.6%, Samoan 26.7%, Tuvaluan 11.2%, Kiribati 1.5%, other 2.8%, none 2.8%, unspecified 0.8% (2016 ests.)
Religions
Congregational Christian Church 50.4%, Roman Catholic 38.7%, Presbyterian 5.9%, other Christian 4.2%, unspecified 0.8% (2016 est.)
Literacy
100% (2022 est.)

Economy

Economic overview
small New Zealand territorial island economy; labor force can work in New Zealand or Australia; significant remittances; largely solar-powered infrastructure; reliant on New Zealand funding; stamp, coin, and crafts producer
Industries
small-scale enterprises for copra production, woodworking, plaited craft goods; stamps, coins; fishing
Agricultural products
coconuts, root vegetables, tropical fruits, pork, bananas, eggs, chicken (2023)
Exports - partners
Czechia 92%, Singapore 2%, Brazil 1%, South Africa 1%, Sri Lanka 1% (2023)
Imports - partners
Samoa 31%, Italy 23%, France 21%, Netherlands 16%, Germany 2% (2023)

Government

Government type
parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy
Capital
UTC+13 (18 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Independence
none (territory of New Zealand)
Constitution
many previous; latest effective 1 January 1949 (Tokelau Act 1948 of New Zealand)
Executive branch
King CHARLES III (since 8 September 2022); represented by Governor-General of New Zealand Dame Cindy KIRO (since 21 September 2021); New Zealand is represented by Administrator Don HIGGINS (since June 2022)
Legislative branch
General Fono (Fono Fakamua)

Full reference data

Every field, by section — CIA World Factbook. Open a topic to expand it.

Introduction
Background
Tokelau is composed of three atolls (Fakaofo, Atafu, and Nukunonu), and it was first settled by Polynesians around A.D. 1000. The atolls operated relatively independently, but Fakaofo Atoll eventually subjugated the others. British explorers first saw the atolls in 1765 and 1791. Catholic and Protestant missionaries arrived in the 1840s and converted the population on the islands on which they landed. In 1863 Peruvian slave raiders abducted many islanders, and roughly contemporary outbreaks of disease reduced the population to about 200. Settlers of diverse nationalities subsequently intermarried with Tokelauans. In the same period, local governance moved to a system based on a Council of Elders, which still exists today. British interest began in the late 1870s, and Tokelau became a British protectorate in 1889, and in 1916 under the name Union Group, Tokelau became part of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony. In 1925, the UK placed Tokelau under New Zealand administration. The Tokelau Islands Act of 1948 formally transferred sovereignty from the UK to New Zealand, and Tokelauans were granted New Zealand citizenship. In 1979, the US relinquished its claim to Tokelau in the Treaty of Tokehega, and Tokelau relinquished its claim to Swains Island, which is part of American Samoa. Economic opportunities in Tokelau are sparse, and about 80% of Tokelauans live in New Zealand. Tokelau held self-governance referendums in 2006 and 2007 in which more than 60% of voters chose free association with New Zealand; however, the referendums failed to achieve the two-thirds majority necessary to enact a status change.
Geography
Location
Oceania, group of three atolls in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Geographic coordinates
9 00 S, 172 00 W
Map references
Oceania
Area - total
12 sq km
Area - land
12 sq km
Area - water
0 sq km
Area - comparative
about 17 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, D.C.
Land boundaries - total
0 km
Coastline
101 km
Maritime claims - territorial sea
12 nm
Maritime claims - exclusive economic zone
200 nm
Climate
tropical; moderated by trade winds (April to November)
Terrain
low-lying coral atolls enclosing large lagoons
Elevation - highest point
unnamed location 5 m
Elevation - lowest point
Pacific Ocean 0 m
Natural resources
fish
Land use - agricultural land
60% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 0% (2022 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 60% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)
Land use - forest
0% (2022 est.)
Land use - other
40% (2023 est.)
Irrigated land
0 sq km (2022)
Population distribution
the small population is fairly evenly distributed among the three atolls
Natural hazards
lies in Pacific cyclone belt
Geography - note
consists of three atolls (Atafu, Fakaofo, Nukunonu), each with a lagoon surrounded by a number of reef-bound islets of varying length and rising to over 3 m (10 ft) above sea level
People and Society
Population - total
2,453 (2024 est.)
Population - male
1,201 (2024 est.)
Population - female
1,252 (2024 est.)
Nationality - noun
Tokelauan(s)
Nationality - adjective
Tokelauan
Ethnic groups
Tokelauan 64.5%, part Tokelauan/Samoan 9.7%, part Tokelauan/Tuvaluan 2.8%, Tuvaluan 7.5%, Samoan 5.8%, other Pacific Islander 3.4%, other 5.6%, unspecified 0.8% (2016 est.)
Languages
Tokelauan 88.1% (a Polynesian language), English 48.6%, Samoan 26.7%, Tuvaluan 11.2%, Kiribati 1.5%, other 2.8%, none 2.8%, unspecified 0.8% (2016 ests.)
Languages - note
note: shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census
Religions
Congregational Christian Church 50.4%, Roman Catholic 38.7%, Presbyterian 5.9%, other Christian 4.2%, unspecified 0.8% (2016 est.)
Dependency ratios - total dependency ratio
52.7 (2024)
Dependency ratios - youth dependency ratio
40 (2024)
Dependency ratios - elderly dependency ratio
12.6 (2024)
Dependency ratios - potential support ratio
7.9 (2024)
Population growth rate
-0.01% (2019 est.)
Net migration rate
-3.84 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Population distribution
the small population is fairly evenly distributed among the three atolls
Urbanization - urban population
0% of total population (2023)
Urbanization - rate of urbanization
0% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Drinking water source - improved: rural
rural: 99.7% of population (2022 est.)
Drinking water source - improved: total
total: 99.7% of population (2022 est.)
Drinking water source - unimproved: rural
rural: 0.3% of population (2022 est.)
Drinking water source - unimproved: total
total: 0.3% of population (2022 est.)
Physician density
1.67 physicians/1,000 population (2021)
Sanitation facility access - improved: rural
rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Sanitation facility access - improved: total
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Sanitation facility access - unimproved: rural
rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Sanitation facility access - unimproved: total
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Literacy - total population
100% (2022 est.)
Literacy - male
100% (2022 est.)
Literacy - female
100% (2022 est.)
Government
Country name - conventional long form
none
Country name - conventional short form
Tokelau
Country name - former
Union Islands, Tokelau Islands
Country name - etymology
the name comes from the Polynesian word tokelau , meaning "north wind;" the name "Tokelau Islands" was adopted in 1946, and the shortened form in 1976
Government type
parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy
Dependency status
Tokelau is a non-self-governing territory of New Zealand and part of the Realm of New Zealand; Tokelau has its own political institutions, judicial system, public services (including telecommunications and shipping), and budget control
Capital - time difference
UTC+13 (18 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Capital - note
note : there is no designated, official capital for Tokelau; the location of the capital rotates among the three atolls along with the head of government or Ulu o Tokelau
Legal system
common law system of New Zealand
Constitution - history
many previous; latest effective 1 January 1949 (Tokelau Act 1948 of New Zealand)
Constitution - amendment process
proposed as a resolution by the General Fono; passage requires support by each village and approval by the General Fono
Constitution - note
note: Tokelau is a non-self-governing territory and has been administered by New Zealand since 1926; Tokelau is considered "part of New Zealand” under the Tokelau Act 1948, and Tokelauans are New Zealand citizens; in the mid-2000s Tokelau held two referenda on becoming self-governing in free association with New Zealand; the first vote was held in February 2006 but narrowly missed the two-thirds majority required for a change of status, as did a second vote held in 2007; since the self-government referenda, Tokelau has put questions about its constitutional status on hold; it remains a territory of New Zealand but exercises a substantial degree of self-government
Citizenship
see New Zealand
Suffrage
21 years of age; universal
Executive branch - chief of state
King CHARLES III (since 8 September 2022); represented by Governor-General of New Zealand Dame Cindy KIRO (since 21 September 2021); New Zealand is represented by Administrator Don HIGGINS (since June 2022)
Executive branch - head of government
(Ulu o Tokelau) Esera Fofō Filipo Tuisano TUISANO (since 17 March 2025)
Executive branch - cabinet
Council for the Ongoing Government of Tokelau (or Tokelau Council) functions as a cabinet; consists of 3 village leaders (Faipule) and 3 village mayors (Pulenuku)
Executive branch - election/appointment process
the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; administrator appointed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade in New Zealand; head of government chosen from the Council of Faipule to serve a 1-year term
Executive branch - note
note: the meeting place of the Tokelau Council and the head of government position rotates annually among the three atolls; this tradition has given rise to the somewhat misleading description that the capital rotates yearly between the three atolls, but Tokelau has no capital
Legislative branch - legislature name
General Fono (Fono Fakamua)
Legislative branch - legislative structure
unicameral
Legislative branch - number of seats
20
Legislative branch - electoral system
plurality/majority
Legislative branch - scope of elections
full renewal
Legislative branch - term in office
3 years
Legislative branch - most recent election date
26 January 2023
Legislative branch - parties elected and seats per party
independents (20)
Legislative branch - percentage of women in chamber
15%
Legislative branch - expected date of next election
January 2026
Judicial branch - highest court(s)
Court of Appeal (in New Zealand) (consists of the court president and 8 judges sitting in 3- or 5-judge panels, depending on the case)
Judicial branch - judge selection and term of office
judges nominated by the Judicial Selection Committee and approved by three-quarters majority of the Parliament; judges serve for life
Judicial branch - subordinate courts
High Court (in New Zealand); Council of Elders or Taupulega
Political parties
none
Diplomatic representation in the US
none (territory of New Zealand)
Diplomatic representation from the US
none (territory of New Zealand)
International organization participation
PIF (associate member), SPC, UNESCO (associate), UPU
Independence
none (territory of New Zealand)
National holiday
Waitangi Day, 6 February (1840)
National holiday - note
note: Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand
Flag
description: a stylized yellow Tokelauan canoe on a dark blue field sails toward four white five-pointed stars on the left side meaning: the stars are the Southern Cross constellation and represent the role of Christianity in Tokelauan culture; the stars and canoe together symbolize the country navigating into the future; yellow stands for happiness and peace, and blue for the ocean
National symbol(s)
tuluma (fishing tackle box)
National color(s)
blue, yellow, white
National anthem(s) - title
"God Save the King"
National anthem(s) - lyrics/music
unknown
National anthem(s) - history
official anthem, as a territory of New Zealand; normally played only when a member of the royal family or the governor-general is present
Economy
Economic overview
small New Zealand territorial island economy; labor force can work in New Zealand or Australia; significant remittances; largely solar-powered infrastructure; reliant on New Zealand funding; stamp, coin, and crafts producer
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) - Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017
$7,711,583 (2017 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) - note
note: data are in 2017 dollars.
Real GDP per capita - Real GDP per capita 2017
$6,004 (2017 est.)
Real GDP per capita - Real GDP per capita 2016
$4,855 (2016 est.)
Real GDP per capita - Real GDP per capita 2015
$4,292 (2015 est.)
Real GDP per capita - note
note: data are in 2017 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate)
$12.658 million (2017 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate) - note
note: data uses New Zealand Dollar (NZD) as the currency of exchange.
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020
4% (2020 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019
2.5% (2019 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017
11% (2017 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - note
note: Tokelau notes that its wide inflation swings are due almost entirely to cigarette prices, a chief import.
Agricultural products
coconuts, root vegetables, tropical fruits, pork, bananas, eggs, chicken (2023)
Agricultural products - note
note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Industries
small-scale enterprises for copra production, woodworking, plaited craft goods; stamps, coins; fishing
Budget - revenues
$24,324,473 (2017 est.)
Budget - expenditures
$11,666,542 (2017 est.)
Exports - partners
Czechia 92%, Singapore 2%, Brazil 1%, South Africa 1%, Sri Lanka 1% (2023)
Exports - partners - note
note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
cars, telephones, garments, iron fasteners, fabric (2023)
Exports - commodities - note
note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports - partners
Samoa 31%, Italy 23%, France 21%, Netherlands 16%, Germany 2% (2023)
Imports - partners - note
note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
integrated circuits, stone processing machines, refined petroleum, gas turbines, plastic products (2023)
Imports - commodities - note
note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Exchange rates - Currency
New Zealand dollars (NZD) per US dollar -
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2024
1.652 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2023
1.628 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2022
1.577 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2021
1.414 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2020
1.542 (2020 est.)
Communications
Telephones - fixed lines - total subscriptions
300 (2010 est.)
Telephones - fixed lines - subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
22 (2010 est.)
Broadcast media
Sky TV access for about a third of the population; each atoll operates a radio service with shipping news and weather reports (2019)
Internet country code
.tk
Internet users - percent of population
58.3% (2021 est.)
Military and Security
Military - note
defense is the responsibility of New Zealand
Environment
Environmental issues
overfishing; damage to forest resources; pollution of freshwater and coastal waters from improper disposal of chemicals
Climate
tropical; moderated by trade winds (April to November)
Land use - agricultural land
60% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 0% (2022 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 60% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)
Land use - forest
0% (2022 est.)
Land use - other
40% (2023 est.)
Urbanization - urban population
0% of total population (2023)
Urbanization - rate of urbanization
0% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)