Bird Hunting Rules Get Annual Tune-Up: Ducks vs. Bureaucracy
Published Date: 4/24/2025
Proposed Rule
Summary
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is setting the rules for the 2025-26 migratory bird hunting season. States will choose season dates, limits, and hunting areas within these new guidelines to keep bird populations healthy while supporting hunters. Hunters, States, and Tribes should review and comment by May 27, 2025, to help shape the season.
Analyzed Economic Effects
12 provisions identified: 9 benefits, 3 costs, 0 mixed.
Duck seasons set to liberal option
The Service and Flyway Councils evaluated duck harvest using adaptive harvest management and selected the liberal regulatory alternative for the Atlantic, Mississippi, Central, and Pacific Flyways for the 2025-26 season. This selection follows 2024 survey estimates (e.g., 6.61 million mid-continent mallards) and means States can choose longer seasons or larger bag limits within the liberal framework.
Special early teal and teal-wood seasons approved
The Service concurs with Flyway Councils to allow 9-day special early teal seasons (6-teal daily bag) or bonus daily limits of two blue-winged teal when spring blue-winged teal estimates are at least 3.3 million. If estimates exceed 4.7 million, special early teal seasons may be 16 days. In Florida, Kentucky, and Tennessee, a 5-consecutive-day teal-wood duck season (daily aggregate bag up to six, max two wood ducks) is allowed when the blue-winged teal estimate is at least 3.3 million, with up to four additional teal-only days if the estimate is greater than 4.7 million.
Pintail rules allow 3-bird bag trial
The Service adopted an interim northern pintail harvest strategy that includes a liberal regulatory alternative allowing a 3-pintail daily bag limit. For 2025-26, the four Flyways recommended the liberal alternative with a 3-pintail daily bag limit and season lengths of 60 days in the Atlantic and Mississippi Flyways, 74 days in the Central Flyway, and 107 days in the Pacific Flyway.
Canvasback liberal limits adopted
The four Flyway Councils recommended and the Service concurs with the liberal regulatory alternative for canvasbacks for 2025-26. The decision support tool calls for a closed season under 460,000 birds, a 1-bird daily limit between 460,000–480,000, and a 2-bird daily limit above 480,000; the 2024 estimate was 566,000, so the liberal alternative (2-bird daily bag) applies with season lengths of 60 days (Atlantic and Mississippi), 74 days (Central), and 107 days (Pacific).
Eastern mallard liberal limits approved
The Atlantic Flyway recommendation and Service evaluation for eastern mallards resulted in the liberal regulatory alternative for 2025-26: a daily bag limit of four mallards (no more than two hens) and a 60-day season, based on a 2024 survey estimate of 1.17 million eastern mallards.
Canada and cackling goose limits tightened in places
For Atlantic Population (AP) Canada geese in the Atlantic Flyway, the Service agrees with a restrictive alternative of a 30-day season with a 1-goose daily bag in AP Zones. In the Pacific Flyway, the Service agreed to Pacific Flyway Council recommendations that include changing season end dates from March 10 to February 15 in certain Oregon and Washington zones, reducing season length from 107 to 74 days and reducing daily bag limits from 3 to 2 in specified Oregon and Washington permit zones, reducing daily limits from 4 to 3 in Washington Areas 1 and 3, and reducing daily limits from 4 to 3 in Alaska Units 9, 17, and 18.
Federal frameworks let States set seasons
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is proposing the 2025-26 federal frameworks that set the outside dates, season lengths, shooting hours, bag and possession limits, and areas from which States may select their migratory bird hunting seasons. Stakeholders must submit comments by May 27, 2025, and the Service aims to publish final frameworks in spring 2025.
Zones and split-seasons selection window
States may select zones and split-season configurations for duck hunting in 2025 that will be fixed for the 2026-2030 seasons. Any State wishing to change zone or split-season configurations for those seasons must submit configuration selections and zone descriptions by August 31, 2025. States that used a new two-zone/three-segment configuration for 2021-25 must provide evaluations through the 2025 season.
Scaup seasons set to restrictive option
For scaup, the Service and Flyway Councils selected the restrictive regulatory alternative for 2025-26 based on a 2024 survey estimate of 4.07 million scaup. The restrictive frameworks specify differing season lengths and split daily bag limits by flyway (for example, a 60-day season in some flyways with combinations of 1- and 2-bird daily limits as described).
Black duck limits set to moderate option
For black ducks in the Atlantic and Mississippi Flyways, the Service and Councils selected the moderate regulatory alternative for 2025-26, which consists of a daily bag limit of two black ducks and a season length of 60 days, based on a 2024 survey estimate of 0.86 million black ducks.
3-segment white-fronted goose season in Oregon
The Service agreed to allow a 3-segment season for greater white-fronted geese in Oregon's Mid-Columbia Goose Zone so it can run concurrent with existing 3-segment seasons for Canada/cackling geese and snow geese. The 3-year average fall population (2022-24) for the Pacific population of greater white-fronted geese is 510,884, well above the Pacific Flyway objective of 300,000, and any additional harvest from this change is expected to be negligible.
Pacific brant strategy and annual decision rule
The Service agreed with the Pacific Flyway Council to revise the Pacific brant harvest strategy and to determine brant season frameworks for Alaska, California, Oregon, and Washington annually based on the Fall Brant Survey at Izembek Lagoon, Alaska. If current FBS results are not available in the decision period, the most recent FBS will be used.
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Key Dates
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