HR7567119th CongressWALLET

Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2026

Sponsored By: Representative Thompson, Glenn [R-PA-15]

Passed House

Summary

Reauthorizes and reshapes USDA programs to support farmers, conserve land, expand rural infrastructure, and update research and crop-insurance tools through FY2031. It bundles big changes across conservation, nutrition, rural broadband, credit, forestry, and specialty-crop emergency aid.

Show full summary

Farmers and producers: Expands disaster and specialty-crop emergency payments, broadens tree-replacement help, and raises loan limits including a direct farm-ownership cap of $850,000 and microloans up to $100,000.
Conservation and working lands: Raises Conservation Reserve Program enrollment goals to at least 8.6 million acres and creates targeted funding including $100 million per year for State soil-health grants and mitigation-banking dollars.
Rural communities and nutrition: Creates a Local Farmers Feeding Our Communities program with $200 million per year, funds rural broadband with $350 million per year for ReConnect, and modernizes SNAP purchasing, incentives, and retailer rules.

*This bill directs many multi-year funding streams and program changes but does not include a single overall deficit projection in the cited sources.*

Your PRIA Score

Score Hidden

Personalized for You

How does this bill affect your finances?

Sign up for a PRIA Policy Scan to see your personalized alignment score for this bill and every other piece of legislation we track. We analyze your financial profile against policy provisions to show you exactly what matters to your wallet.

Free to start

Bill Overview

Analyzed Economic Effects

141 provisions identified: 101 benefits, 5 costs, 35 mixed.

More support and protections for easements

If enacted, landowners in Wetland Reserve Easements could get payments for repairs, maintenance, and enhancements, up to 100% of eligible costs. USDA would assess needs, set a 5‑year schedule, and reserve at least 15% of program funds for this option, with a report due in two years. For forest reserve easements, landowners whose actions give a net conservation benefit could receive Endangered Species Act safe‑harbor‑type protections. Extra measures and permit costs tied to those assurances would be eligible for program payments.

Help to fix rural water systems

If enacted, low‑income rural homeowners (at or below 80% of their State’s nonmetro median income) could get up to $20,000 per well or septic system, as a 1% loan (up to 20 years) or a subgrant. The program would be authorized at $20 million each year for FY2027–FY2031. USDA could also help local groups fix failing watershed structures when they wear out early or are damaged by extreme storms. It would keep community water and wastewater grant authority in place for 2027–2031 and extend emergency water‑assistance grants. It would also keep authority for rural utility bond and note guarantees through 2031.

SNAP online groceries and smoother access

If enacted, SNAP online grocery buying would become a permanent national program. USDA would start the transition within 120 days and finish rules within two years, with protections and rural access. States would be allowed to use contractors during backlogs, disasters, or high error rates, with guardrails and public notices. The bill would permanently ban certain retailer fees on SNAP transactions. It would also add a policy that SNAP should help prevent diet‑related disease and ensure access to healthy foods, especially for children.

Bigger USDA farm loans and faster approvals

If enacted, USDA farm loan caps would rise. Direct farm ownership loans would go up to $850,000 and guaranteed ownership loans to $3,500,000 starting in FY2026. Direct operating loans would rise to $750,000 and guaranteed operating loans to $3,000,000 in FY2026. USDA microloans would increase to $100,000. Eligibility rules would be clearer for owner‑operators (at least 50% ownership and new entity tests). A pilot would speed approvals for some farm ownership loans, starting within one year and ending September 30, 2031. The bill would also make a technical change to the down payment share formula.

Higher CSP payments and energy savings

If enacted, Conservation Stewardship Program payments would be at least $4,000 per year for each enrolled producer. USDA would also add energy‑efficient pumping systems as a CSP activity. Within 180 days, USDA would publish simple guides and a tool to estimate energy, cost, water, and carbon savings for pumping systems and train auditors on these systems.

Bigger rural microloans and full federal share

If enacted, rural microloans would increase from $50,000 to $75,000. The federal share for some grants would be up to 100%. Loans could cover up to 50% of renovation or construction costs. Groups serving persistent‑poverty counties would get a 5% consideration. The program would be authorized through FY2027–2031.

Emergency payments for specialty-crop farms

If enacted, specialty‑crop producers hit by disasters would get direct payments based on last year’s sales (or an average) times a factor set by USDA. Usual payment caps would apply, except farms with at least 75% of income from farming could receive up to at least $900,000. Separately, Tree Assistance Program decisions would have to be issued within 120 days of application.

Grants for tractor rollover guards

If enacted, farmers and eligible schools would get grants to buy and install rollover protection on tractors. Grants would usually cover 70% of documented costs. If documented costs are more than $500, the Secretary could raise the share. Funding would be $725,000 a year for 2027–2031, with 70% for grants, 15% for a website, and 15% for a hotline.

Longer forest contracts, cancellation pay

If enacted, stewardship contracts could run up to 20 years and include keeping or growing local forest product infrastructure. For multiyear contracts of 5 years or more signed after enactment, if the agency cancels, the contractor would be paid the smaller of 10% of the contract value or their unrecovered amortized costs. This would apply to contracts entered into on or after enactment.

More flexible help to replant orchards

The Tree Assistance Program would let eligible growers replant with different varieties, densities, or locations. Help for each option would not exceed what you would get for direct replacement. You could choose an initial payment equal to the fair market value of estimated costs, then settle up later; this initial‑payment option would end on September 30, 2035. TAP would also add a biennial option and clearly cover pest losses.

More help to adopt precision farming

Farmers would get more ways to pay for precision agriculture. Loans could finance precision tools, including through conservation loans. EQIP would clearly support precision planning and tools, and cost‑shares for precision practices could be raised up to 90% of costs. The organic‑related EQIP payment cap would rise to $200,000 for FY2027–2031.

More help to conserve private forests

If enacted, this would pay landowners to place working forests under conservation. The federal share would be 50% of fair market value, or up to 75% for forests of special environmental value or socially disadvantaged owners, with a $500,000 cap per easement. It would also cover up to 100% of restoration costs on permanent easements. Separately, owners of nonindustrial private forest land would be able to get up to 75% of estimated emergency costs paid in advance, but they would need to spend it within 180 days or return the money.

More local food buying funds

If enacted, USDA would fund a program to buy local foods and support distribution and training. It would authorize $200 million each year for 2027–2031. At least 25% of purchases would come from small, mid‑size, beginning, or veteran producers. Ten percent of funds would go to Tribal Governments, and 1% would go to each State. Awardees could use up to 15% for admin and training, and at least half of that would go to training.

Stronger farm and food security checks

If enacted, USDA would assess food and agriculture security risks within one year and then every two years, and run yearly emergency drills. USDA would brief Congress within 180 days after each assessment. The Agriculture Secretary would join CFIUS reviews for farm‑related deals and could flag land purchases by buyers from China, North Korea, Russia, or Iran that require AFIDA reports. USDA could also add detector‑dog training centers and work with states, focusing on ports, traffic, and regional pest threats.

Trigger $200M for child malnutrition food

If enacted, FY2027–FY2031 would require at least $200 million a year for ready‑to‑use therapeutic foods when two conditions are met: child wasting is above 5% and Title II funding is over $1.2 billion that year. USDA could still buy these foods even if the trigger is not met.

Multi‑year conservation funding set

If enacted, Commodity Credit Corporation funding would be set at about $2.53 billion (FY2027), $2.73 billion (FY2028), $3.13 billion (FY2029), $3.175 billion (FY2030), and $3.255 billion (FY2031). Forest conservation easements would get $25 million in FY2027, $50 million in FY2028–FY2030, and $65 million in FY2031. The Regional Conservation Partnership Program would receive $450 million each year for FY2027–FY2031, to the maximum extent practicable.

More specialty-crop innovation funding and input

If enacted, USDA would reserve at least $30 million each year from FY2027 to FY2031 for grants to mechanize and automate specialty‑crop production, with some matching‑fund waivers. USDA would also seek maple syrup stakeholder input at least six months before the first Acer grant request one year after enactment and consider that input when awarding.

Big food-chain loans and new fees

If enacted, USDA would guarantee new food supply chain loans up to $40,000,000 to expand processing, storage, transport, and other capacity. For FY2025–FY2029, up to 5% of certain funds would be set aside for these loans and held until April 1 each year. Nonrural projects would qualify only if they mainly benefit nearby producers and rural jobs, and reports to Congress would be quarterly. At the same time, USDA guaranteed loans would carry an initial fee up to 3% of the guaranteed principal and a periodic fee up to 0.75% of outstanding principal, with 30 days’ public notice before any fee change.

States blocked from out‑of‑state livestock rules

If enacted, States could not enforce production standards on covered livestock raised in other States. Producers would have a federal right to sell covered livestock across State lines without facing out‑of‑state production rules. The rule would not cover animals raised mainly for egg production.

More rural internet and telehealth

If enacted, this would boost rural broadband and tele-services. It would create a $350 million‑per‑year ReConnect program for FY2027–FY2031, with top priority for truly unserved areas (below 25/3 Mbps). Public notices would need full map files, and USDA would check provider coverage using FCC and IIJA maps. Communities could get technical help and small mapping grants (up to $50,000). It would fund Distance Learning and Telemedicine at $82 million each year for FY2027–FY2031, usable for two fiscal years. Areas that got federal or state funding in the past 5 years to deliver at least 100/20 Mbps would not be treated as unserved for new awards.

More conservation help and faster deals

If enacted, USDA would aim to keep at least 8,600,000 acres enrolled under continuous CRP by September 30, 2031, and extend CRP authorities. The Conservation of Private Grazing Land program would stay authorized through 2031. Selected Regional Conservation Partnership projects would get signed within 180 days, with leaner agreements to start work sooner. The Secretary could restore and manage floodplain easements and allow compatible uses like hunting, fishing, managed timber, haying, or grazing if they protect floodplain functions. USDA could also encourage practices that support wildlife corridors across its conservation programs.

Bigger grocery incentives, including dairy

If enacted, SNAP incentive programs could include animal‑protein foods. The GusNIP program would cover all forms of fruits, vegetables, and legumes and cap the Federal share at 50%, with waivers for persistent‑poverty areas. The dairy nutrition program would expand to certain cheeses and protein‑rich yogurts and raise authorized funding to $50 million a year.

More fresh food and senior deliveries

If enacted, States could use up to 20% of emergency‑food commodity dollars to buy DoD Fresh produce. A new CSFP pilot would fund home delivery and other ways to reach low‑income seniors, with grants based on State caseload and a $4 million cap. The Seniors Farmers’ Market program would add herbs, maple syrup, and tree nuts for 2027–2031. A Tribal demonstration would let selected organizations buy domestic foods for FDPIR, with $1 million for the demo and $1.2 million per year for staff in 2027–2031.

Priority funding for rural childcare

If enacted, from FY2027–FY2029 USDA would give priority to loan and grant applications that expand childcare in rural areas. Projects would need to target availability, quality, or cost. USDA would spread support across regions, evaluate results within 3 years, and report to Congress within 4 years.

Easier conservation easements and habitat projects

If enacted, experienced easement organizations would face less oversight, with annual quality reviews and the option to waive repeat reviews after strong compliance. If you sell an agricultural or wetland reserve easement, that payment would not count toward adjusted gross income limits in the program. Conservation areas would also add wildlife connectivity and migration corridors as explicit goals, which could steer more funds to habitat projects.

Help heirs and new farmers access land

If enacted, nonprofits could get funds to give free legal and accounting help to heirs with shared farmland. The bill would authorize $60,000,000 each year for 2027–2031 for this service. The USDA would also publish a land access study every two years that lists federal, state, and private programs for land, capital, and market access, including down‑payment help and clearing heirs’ property.

Rural home energy loans with grants

If enacted, rural homeowners using this program could get a grant equal to up to 5% of their loan, or up to 10% in persistent‑poverty counties. Loans would run up to 20 years, with advances amortized up to 10 years. Eligible projects would include efficiency upgrades, renewables, storage, and some cost‑effective replacements. The USDA would prioritize applicants that serve at least 80% rural ratepayers.

More ag training and job pathways

If enacted, community and technical colleges could get grants to teach ag skills, with priority for programs tied to local employers or conservation districts. Starting in FY2026, the Forest Service could directly hire qualified Job Corps graduates into competitive service jobs. A cultural immersion exchange would place ages 19–30 with host families for 2–6 months and be funded at $10,000,000 per year for 2027–2031, with a nonprofit match required.

Training and pathways for new farmers

If enacted, a Farm Transitions Commission would be set up within 60 days to recommend apprenticeships, mentoring, business training, and succession help. It would report in two years and end in 2031. USDA would prioritize budgeting and business‑planning training for beginning farmers. The Assistive Technology Program would expand to train youth and young adults with disabilities for farm jobs and run through 2031. A new Ag Innovation Corps would train researchers and students to bring farm research to market, with follow‑on grants and a report due by September 30, 2027, then every two years. The RISE program would expand so colleges and career schools can apply, require workforce board involvement, support career pathways in listed rural sectors (like broadband, water, health care, manufacturing, agribusiness, and vet services), report outcomes, and run 2027–2031.

Veterinary loan repayment easier to access

If enacted, vets in other comparable programs would still be eligible for the Veterinary Medicine Loan Repayment Program. USDA would create simpler applications within one year. USDA would also update how it finds shortage areas and build tools to predict new shortages.

Grants to grow rural veterinary care

The Veterinary Services Grant Program would aim to expand, keep, and attract veterinary practices in rural areas. Grants could pay relocation costs, startup equipment, and housing or living stipends for vet students and trainees. USDA would set a streamlined application within one year.

Simpler food-safety help for small processors

If enacted, USDA would post scale‑appropriate studies and model HACCP plans for small and very small plants within 18 months, and issue HACCP guidance within 2 years. Importers of detained plants would get clear reasons, timelines, and testing details within 180 days of new guidance. The national food safety training and outreach program would be extended through 2031.

Agroforestry centers and forestry research

If enacted, USDA would set up one or more regional agroforestry centers and provide regional support and demo sites. The bill would authorize $7 million per year for 2027–2031 and require a national producer survey within five years and every five years after. It would also extend authorization for forestry products research through 2031.

Easier farm loans and ownership rules

If enacted, farm microloan authority would run through 2031. FSA emergency loan rules would treat at least 50% ownership as meeting the owner-operator test. For operating loans, an operator would qualify with at least 50% ownership or by being a "qualified operator" as set by USDA. Some entities could qualify if most ownership is held by qualified operators.

Easier rural loans, less collateral paperwork

This bill would make zero‑interest rural loans easier to use. USDA would set reasonable repayment terms and would not require a letter of credit if you give USDA a security interest or other approved collateral. It would also keep the Intermediary Relending Program authorized through 2027–2031.

Farm disaster aid and insurance pilots

If enacted, USDA could give block grants to cover farm losses from natural disasters that no other federal program covers. A pilot in at least 10 Texas counties would, starting in 2027, stop cuts to insurance guarantees for late‑planted crops and run at least four crop years. The crop insurance agency would have 90 days to report on changes to the reinsurance deal to expand policy availability. Tree Assistance Program recipients would need to finish approved tree replacement and rehab within two years of approval, unless later timing is needed for tree survival.

Farm price support authority extended

If enacted, permanent price support suspension and related commodity authorities would be extended to 2031. This keeps core farm safety‑net authorities in place for program administrators and producers.

Faster disaster repair funds for farmers

If enacted, the Emergency Conservation Program would allow advance payments. You would get up to 75% upfront for replacement or rehab and up to 50% for repairs, based on fair market value set by USDA. Fence repairs could include updated tech if costs do not rise. Wildfire damage would include some non‑natural fires when the spread came from natural causes.

Faster wildfire and grazing tools

If enacted, USDA could sell timber or other forest products without an appraisal during extreme risks like wildfires or insect outbreaks. For five years, approved fire retardants used by covered agencies would have a limited legal safe harbor. Within 18 months, the government would set a plan to use livestock grazing to reduce wildfire risk, including faster reviews for grazing on vacant allotments during disasters. Within a year, permittees would be able to make small range fixes, like fence or water repairs, after a 30‑day notice if the ranger approves or does not respond.

Help to fight feral swine damage

If enacted, USDA would expand a feral swine program to study damages, control herds, and help producers in threatened areas. Producers could get cost‑share help up to 75%. Funding would total $150 million for FY2025–2031, with 40% for NRCS and 60% for APHIS, and admin costs capped at 10%.

Higher cutoff for some timber sales

If enacted, the dollar threshold for certain timber sale rules would rise from $10,000 to $55,000. More small sales would fall below the cutoff and be treated under the simpler process.

Loan relief and shutdown protections

If enacted, the Farm Service Agency would be able to refinance some distressed guaranteed farm loans into direct loans, within one year of writing rules. To qualify, the loan must be nonperforming, the borrower in monetary default and facing foreclosure, and the operation must have a reasonable chance to recover. During a federal funding lapse, USDA servicing of marketing assistance and sugar loans would keep going because it would count as emergency services.

Lower interest on late crop premiums

Starting in the 2026 reinsurance year, interest on late crop insurance premiums and fees would be capped at simple interest up to 1% per month, for up to 60 months.

More credit and aid for aquaculture

Farm Credit institutions would be able to lend to businesses that serve producers and harvesters of aquatic products. The bill would also extend aquaculture assistance authority through 2031.

More crop insurance help for veterans

If enacted, more veterans would qualify for crop insurance help. The qualifying window would extend from 5 years to 10 years. Rules that pair veteran status with beginning farmer programs would apply to more veterans.

More farm energy and storage projects

The Rural Energy for America Program would add waste energy recovery as eligible. Producers could also get loans to build or upgrade propane storage used mainly for farm production, using the program’s definition at 7 C.F.R. 4279.2.

More options and grants for small meat plants

If enacted, grants up to $500,000 (up to 3 years) would help small and very small meat and poultry plants launch or modernize. The federal share would be up to 90% for grants of $100,000 or less, and up to 75% for larger grants, with $3 million a year authorized for FY2027–FY2031. A pilot would also let some custom‑exempt facilities sell meat directly to in‑state consumers with strict labels, no resale, inspections, and limited initial approvals. The pilot would start within 90 days and end September 30, 2031.

More technical help for organic farms

If enacted, USDA could give organic producers technical help, outreach, and education through multiple agencies. Funding language would apply each year from FY2023 through FY2031.

New REAP options and set‑asides for energy

If enacted, agricultural cooperatives with fewer than 2,500 employees could apply to REAP. USDA would streamline applications and weigh a project’s power to improve the applicant’s finances. The project dollar threshold would rise to $50,000,000. At least 10% of yearly funds would be reserved for underused renewable technologies, with grants from this reserve capped at 25% of installation or maintenance costs and at least two solicitations a year.

No extra permits for labeled pesticides

If enacted, using an EPA‑registered pesticide exactly as its approved label allows would be lawful without extra permits. Users would still need to follow the EPA‑approved label.

Organic milk data and research

If enacted, USDA would collect and publish organic milk cost‑of‑production data and run a monthly Organic All Milk Prices Survey. Reports would include national data and data for at least the six biggest organic dairy regions. The bill would also extend the Organic Agriculture Research and Extension Initiative through 2031.

Organic transition research and oversight review

If enacted, USDA would fund $7.5 million per year starting in FY2027 for competitive research and extension to help farms shift to organic. USDA would also study, within 12 months, risk‑based changes to organic oversight and report in 18 months, after broad stakeholder input. Any rules would come only after consulting Congress and must protect organic integrity.

Small grants for local and urban farms

If enacted, local food grants under $100,000 would use a simpler form, and 10%–50% of certain grant funds each year would be set aside for these small requests. The bill would define food hubs and add regional food chain coordination. The Office of Urban Agriculture would expand to cover controlled‑environment systems like hydroponics and offer grants and technical help to nonprofits, local governments, Tribal groups, cooperatives, and K–12 schools. An urban and emerging production program would add waste‑reduction practices and advising for career and technical education.

Ban on greyhound racing; shelter extended

Starting October 1, 2027, it would be a federal crime to run commercial greyhound races, use live‑lure training, or take interstate bets on greyhound races. Selling, buying, training, or transporting dogs for those banned purposes would also be illegal. Violators could face fines and up to 7 years in prison. The bill would also extend certain animal shelter protections through 2031.

Better forest carbon and timber data

If enacted, the national forest inventory would add forest carbon, including below‑ground carbon. USDA would update its plan within 180 days and share it with Congress. The program would publish national data and maps every two years while protecting confidential plot and owner information.

Biochar demos, carbon data, and nursery plan

If enacted, agencies would start biochar demonstration partnerships within two years, aiming for at least one per Forest Service and BLM region, with up to 35% of facility capital costs covered and authority ending after seven years. Projects would try to use at least 50% forest‑management feedstock. Within two years, USDA would create a public forest‑carbon data platform with tools for carbon in forests and wood products. Within one year, USDA would launch a national tree nursery strategy to address seedling shortages.

Easier USDA appeals and tribal oversight

If enacted, in USDA appeals, the agency would have to prove its adverse decision with substantial evidence. The USDA Office of Tribal Relations would advise on tribal policy and oversee self‑determination contracts and self‑governance compacts. The bill would also confirm the Secretary’s authority to carry out this Act’s amendments.

Faster forest and wildfire projects

If enacted, forest projects would move faster and target wildfire risk. Good Neighbor agreements could include new permanent roads when needed and approved after environmental review. The program would prioritize work across ownerships and near communities, limit four funded proposals per Forest Service region each year, and add standard monitoring. The agency would also publish regional project lists and take public comments each year. Key program years would run 2027–2031.

Forest fire tools extended to 2031

If enacted, key forest management and hazardous‑fuel authorities would run through 2031. The Forest Service could let utilities cut hazard trees near power lines under existing permits and, if a utility sells the material, it would send sale proceeds minus transport costs to the agency. The Joint Chiefs Landscape Restoration Partnership would report at least every two fiscal years. A Forest Service program would be retitled and clarified to include professional and administrative services, not just technical services.

Make U.S. food sourcing a priority

If enacted, the President would be directed to prioritize preserving and strengthening domestic production of key farm inputs when federal policies affect covered programs. This would steer policy toward U.S. sources in the food supply chain.

More checks on foreign‑owned farm land

If enacted, USDA would expand AFIDA outreach on foreign land‑ownership reporting and create a senior investigations chief to audit data, coordinate probes, and publish annual summaries. USDA would build a public database of foreign‑owned farm land within three years, with a 30‑day delay before posting filer names and prices. USDA and DHS would deliver a national‑security risk report within 180 days and then every year.

Stronger wildfire response, tech, and reporting

If enacted, USDA and Interior would launch a pilot within one year to test new wildfire tech like AI, quantum sensing, AR, and private 5G through 2031. Courts would not block certain aerial retardant uses for five years if they follow an existing EPA‑USFS agreement and occur before related permits take effect. Agencies would add standardized annual hazardous fuels reports with costs and effectiveness. The Forest Service would aim to contain detected fires on high‑risk national forest lands within 24 hours.

Task force on Rio Grande water supplies

If enacted, an interagency group led by USDA would meet at least yearly to protect producers affected by treaty water deliveries on the Rio Grande. The group would hold public meetings and report to Congress within one year and then every year on economic harms and ways to secure predictable water and resilience.

Tougher farm trade enforcement and names

If enacted, a trade enforcement task force would start within 30 days to target barriers, with quarterly reports. Its first 90‑day report would include a WTO plan on India’s price supports and a panel request timeline if needed. USDA and USTR would work to protect U.S. common food names abroad and brief Congress twice a year. An interagency group would monitor seasonal and perishable produce trade and recommend help for growers.

White oak forest restoration effort

If enacted, a White Oak Restoration Fund would accept private gifts for work on national forests and report yearly on money and activities. Within 180 days, USDA would start a restoration program with voluntary grants, technical help, and five pilot projects, working with the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation. The pilot and grant authority would end seven years after enactment.

Extension Service authority through 2031

If enacted, the law would keep the Extension Service authorized through 2031. This would let Extension continue outreach and education, though this change does not add new money by itself.

Faster rural broadband projects

If enacted, a new broadband demo program would fund innovative builds and reduce satellite equipment costs for remote homes. It would authorize $10 million per year for 2027–2031, require terrestrial builds to finish within five years, and cap satellite latency at 250 ms. USDA would publish a map of qualified remote consumers within one year and update it yearly. Some telecom projects on National Forest lands would skip new NEPA reviews if they use existing infrastructure or already‑analyzed areas, and reviews would not restart when new information appears for those areas.

More help for rural water and dams

If enacted, the Alaska village water program authorization would run 2027–2031, keeping support available for rural and Native village systems. The federal share for watershed rehabilitation would rise from 65% to 90%, so local partners would pay less. These changes would make more water and flood‑control projects easier to fund.

More help for rural water systems

If enacted, USDA could make 0% or 1% loans, forgive or change loans, and refinance debt for eligible rural water and sewer systems in disadvantaged or distressed areas. Systems would need financial planning and a long‑term plan. A national circuit rider program would get $25 million each year for 2027–2031 to provide training, compliance help, cybersecurity, and disaster recovery. USDA would name a source‑water coordinator in every State and publish annual reports and an interactive map on conservation work tied to source‑water protection. USDA would also publish spending and expected flood‑control and environmental benefits for each watershed project and streamline reviews with other agencies.

More money for healthy food access

If enacted, the Healthy Food Financing Initiative’s yearly authorization would rise to $135 million, up from $125 million. This would support more grocery and food‑access projects in underserved areas.

Protecting food and livestock systems

If enacted, USDA would run competitive grants in 2027–2031 to improve protection of the food and farm system from chemical, biological, cyber, or bioterror threats. Grants could fund teaching, biosafety upgrades, and equipment. USDA would also contract within one year for an independent review of the Cattle Fever Tick Eradication Program and report results within a year after contracting.

Stronger farm and weather emergency alerts

If enacted, the national animal‑disease program would add disease traceability and training for more responders, with authorizations updated to 2027–2031. Grants for NOAA Weather Radio transmitters would also be authorized for 2027–2031 to maintain and expand weather‑alert coverage.

More crop insurance options for specialty crops

If enacted, the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation would research and develop new products for specialty crops and risks, such as smoke‑exposed wine grapes, mushrooms, and storm or frost indexes. It would report on timelines and studies and move products forward when legal tests are met. It would also review whole‑farm insurable revenue limits within 12 months and every year to better cover high‑value products.

Support for rural health and farmer stress

If enacted, rural health facility rules would spell out eligible projects like construction, telehealth, electronic health records, and financial planning, after rulemaking. The Farm and Ranch Stress Assistance Network would add crisis hotlines and referral options, with authority through 2031. It would also extend certain rural health services authorization references to 2027–2031.

Ag colleges and scholarships extended

If enacted, many ag education and research programs would stay authorized through 2031, including capacity grants for 1890/1994 and other institutions, distance education for insular areas, and grants for Hispanic‑Serving Institutions. The bill would require land‑grant support to be not less than set amounts and allow funds to buy and maintain research equipment. It would extend grants for tropical agriculture research at insular colleges, upgrade grants for 1890 facilities, and university research programs. Several research and extension authorizations would also run through September 30, 2031. The David A. Scott Scholarship for students at 1890 land‑grant schools would continue through 2031.

New ag research centers and 1890 support

If enacted, USDA would create Centers of Excellence across listed ag fields with five‑year awards, one renewal, and at least eight total centers. Funds could not build facilities, and annual reports would be required. Competitive international research and training grants would run through 2031. The bill would also raise set‑aside shares for 1890 land‑grant colleges to 40% for both extension and research.

Easier access to rural development help

If enacted, USDA would create a Rural Development Innovation Center to fix delays and modernize services, with annual reports to Congress. Within a year, USDA would also provide technical help to partners in underserved rural areas and report each year on results.

Grants for soil health and mitigation banks

If enacted, USDA would fund State and Tribal soil‑health programs from FY2027 to FY2031 for technical help, on‑farm research, outreach, and monitoring, with programs meeting set performance measures. It would also authorize $5 million per year for FY2027–FY2031 to support mitigation banking.

USDA food buying rules review

If enacted, USDA would report to Congress within one year on how it buys food, barriers for local and culturally relevant suppliers, and how to improve diet quality and access. The report would include recommended fixes to rules and laws.

More trade contracts and food‑aid admin flex

If enacted, USDA would sign at least two Food for Progress agreements each year. USDA could fund technical help to cut losses overseas, like cold‑chain and port training, with up to $1.5 million in FY2027 and $5 million a year from FY2028 on. From FY2026–FY2031, USDA could use Foreign Agricultural Service salary funds to run Food for Peace and carry over unspent balances year to year.

New Farm Credit tools for rural projects

If enacted, banks for cooperatives could finance rural water, waste, telecom, and electricity projects. Farm Credit institutions would also be able to finance eligible community facilities, with total exposure capped at 15% of their outstanding loans, and they would need to offer a share to a non‑Farm Credit lender. The Farm Credit Administration would remain the sole, independent regulator for these activities. The new community‑facility authority would start October 1, 2026.

Stronger federal buying of biobased goods

If enacted, federal buyers would get guidance to weigh product life, savings, and performance when choosing biobased goods. Agencies would report purchases each year, with public data subject to FOIA limits. USDA would send a report within 90 days on bioeconomy data and recommend updates for 2027. Key program dates would extend to 2031.

USDA research priorities expanded

If enacted, USDA would add new research focus areas, like soil health, fertilizer and nutrient management, PFAS and microplastics on farms, wildfire smoke impacts on specialty crops, rangelands and virtual fencing, and crop automation. USDA would report on funding and activities by February 1, 2028, then every two years. The AFRI program would add topics such as resilient crops, aquaculture and shellfish survival, hydroponics/aquaponics/aeroponics, workforce training (meat and poultry processing and precision ag), reducing food waste, and overseas supply‑chain work, and allow area career and technical schools to participate through 2031.

Cooperative lending pilot extended to 2031

If enacted, the cooperative lending pilot authority would run through 2031. Lenders and borrowers in the pilot could keep using it during that time.

Dairy programs extended; reports due later

If enacted, several dairy program authorities would be extended through 2031. The annual dairy report would be due within 18 months after each calendar year. One forward‑pricing subsection would be removed. These changes keep programs active and adjust reporting timelines.

More support for bioenergy and bioproducts

If enacted, Sun Grant rules would add bioproducts and shift one funding share from 4% to 30%. Biobased market authorities and biomass assistance dates would extend to 2031. These changes would keep key bioenergy and bioproduct programs running and steer more funds to bioproduct work.

New biotech office and bioenergy guidance

If enacted, USDA would create an Office of Biotechnology Policy, funded at $1 million per year for FY2027–FY2031, to coordinate research, regulation, labeling, and trade with EPA and FDA. USDA would treat defined renewable biomass and facilities that use it as a renewable energy source with a greenhouse‑gas score of zero or less if use does not convert forests to non‑forest, with guidance due in 180 days and petition decisions within one year. USDA would also set a Department plan to grow sustainable aviation fuel production and rural jobs.

New trade tools to protect farm exports

If enacted, USDA would treat foreign bans on common product names as trade‑distorting measures. USDA could also negotiate, in advance, regional or zoning agreements with other countries to limit export disruptions during animal‑disease outbreaks, while not changing the trade office’s other authorities.

Limits on USDA aid for farm solar

If enacted, USDA could not fund most ground‑mounted solar that converts covered farmland out of production. Small projects under 5 acres could still qualify. Projects under 50 acres would qualify only if most energy is used on the farm and every county and town where it sits approves. Those larger projects would need a farmland conservation plan and set‑aside funds for decommissioning and soil restoration. USDA help would not be paid until plan compliance is confirmed, and failure to follow the plan would require full repayment. Projects using components from a foreign country or entity of concern would be ineligible.

Stricter health rules for dog imports

If enacted, no dog could be imported unless USDA gets electronic documents before travel showing health, vaccines, parasite treatment, and permanent ID. Dogs for transfer would need to be at least 6 months old and have an import permit. USDA would set up electronic filing, sharing, post‑arrival checks, and a centralized record. USDA would set fees to fund implementation and could deny entry if rules are not met. Rules would be issued within 18 months.

New limits on CRP and wetlands aid

If enacted, no more than 25% of a State’s cropland could be in CRP or in wetland reserve easements. Rural development loans and grants could not finance draining, filling, or other manipulation of wetlands. Exceptions would include utility line loans, projects with needed Army Corps permits, maintenance of already converted wetlands, or work started before November 29, 1990.

Stronger checks on foreign farm land filings

If enacted, USDA would sign an agreement with the foreign‑investment review committee within one year and share every report on foreign farm‑land ownership. People who fail to file required reports could face penalties up to 25%. Knowingly false or misleading filings would face penalties from 5% to 25%, and USDA would publish the names of those who paid penalties.

School meals: buy American, milk options

If enacted, schools would need to buy at least 95% domestic food in each category, starting the first school year after enactment. USDA would list items that are domestically unavailable and update the list every two years; those items would not count toward the 95% rule. Schools would be barred from buying poultry or seafood from China or Russia. The milk rules used for lunches would also apply to breakfasts, affecting what types of milk can be offered.

New forest product and data fees

If enacted, USDA would charge fees for commercial harvests of forest botanical products on National Forests, based on fair market value and admin costs. Personal use below set levels would be free, and fee revenue would fund monitoring and restoration. The Forest Service Chief could waive some special‑use fees for certain nonprofits, governments, and amateur radio operators. USDA would also charge fees to process complex Forest Inventory and Analysis data requests from outside groups.

Crop insurance: more coverage, clearer rules

If enacted, revenue policies would cover market‑price drops when not caused by the producer. The ownership reporting threshold would rise to 10%, and policyholders could fix missing info during the crop year unless it gives an unfair advantage. New timelines would apply for product approvals, notices, appeals, and hurricane‑index reporting, with relief if USDA misses deadlines. Starting with 2027, insurer and agent reimbursement for admin costs would stay at the 2026 rate.

Cheaper, faster farm loans for producers

This bill would lower borrowing hurdles for farm loans. It would cap certain USDA farm loan interest at 5% a year. It would let qualified lenders use a short form and get an approval or denial within 5 business days for guaranteed loans up to $1,000,000, with guarantees up to 90%, 75%, or 50% based on loan size. It would cut the farm ownership experience rule from 3 years to 2 years and count operational duties. It would also change the inflation index used to set some loan-related amounts, which could make limits go up or down with land values.

Clearer hemp rules and testing choices

If enacted, hemp growers would choose a designation: only industrial hemp, or other hemp. Industrial hemp would need total THC, including THCA, at or below 0.3%. Industrial‑designated growers who show clear intent could get reduced sampling and testing. Knowingly growing outside the industrial designation would bring a 5‑year ineligibility, and violations would be reported to the Attorney General. USDA would set lab accreditation for testing.

Clearer precision ag rules and fair TA pay

If enacted, USDA would define what counts as precision agriculture and its tools, such as GPS mapping, sensors, and variable‑rate systems. USDA would cap payments to third‑party technical assistance providers at the agency’s own direct‑service cost, exclude certain payments from cost‑share math, and, within a year, publish data and a public registry of certified providers.

Faster, fairer conservation support for farms

RCPP partners would be paid within 30 days of a payment request, but partners would need to cover at least 50% of total project costs in direct funding. USDA would review conservation practice costs each year by State and update payment rates for the year the work is done. Socially disadvantaged landowners could have easement applications ranked in a separate pool. The Farmable Wetland Program would stay authorized through 2031.

Grants for wood mills and bioenergy

Community Wood Facilities grants would allow new construction or retrofits and prioritize projects using forest biomass. Awards would be capped at $5,000,000 per project. Wood Innovation Grants would cover new facilities and fuel‑reduction hauling, but proposals would need a 50% match. USDA could favor retrofits, carbon‑saving designs, and resilience benefits.

Simpler conservation help, with admin caps

If enacted, Regional Conservation Partnership projects could use only up to 10% of funds to reimburse partner admin costs. Unpaid admin could still count as the partner’s match. USDA would identify technical‑assistance shares, allow reimbursements and advances, and use one simple process. USDA would also set up third‑party provider certification timelines, including approving non‑Federal certifiers within 180 days and deciding on provider applications within 30 days, with a public registry.

Smoother path for bioenergy projects

Bioenergy aid would expand to cover innovative commercial projects, including renewable chemicals and biobased products. USDA would sign a Technical Review Agreement with each applicant and allow up to 90 days to fix technical issues. USDA could waive a commercial‑viability demo for projects using commercially available tech. The bill would also rescind $18 million in unobligated balances from the older program account.

Fewer ESA rechecks for land plans

If enacted, agencies would not have to restart Endangered Species Act consultation on land management plans when a new species is listed, new habitat is designated, or new information arises. This would speed plan implementation but reduce added ESA rechecks after plans are approved.

Study solar panels’ impact on farmland

If enacted, USDA and the Department of Energy would study, over two years, how solar installations affect farmland. The report would cover crop yields, land values, soil and water, wildlife, tax incentives, and siting on built or brownfield lands. It would also estimate lost farm production and review federal program effectiveness.

USDA to run Food for Peace

If enacted, Food for Peace authorities would move from USAID to USDA, with assets and liabilities on or after January 1, 2026 transferred to USDA. No more than 50% of title funds each year could go to non‑procurement costs; the rest would favor buying U.S. commodities and ocean shipping. USDA could pay associated and incidental costs through the Commodity Credit Corporation and pre‑position food by buying and moving it ahead of need. USDA would send a yearly report by April 1 on spending and impacts, including activities for women and girls. The law’s minimum assistance levels for Food for Peace would be repealed.

Clearer labels for foods and bioproducts

If enacted, USDA would define "common names" for foods, using examples like cheddar and some wine or beer names. It would also set national labeling rules within one year for terms like biobased or plant‑based and related definitions. This could make labels clearer nationwide, while some producers would face limits on using different names or claims.

More food transparency and school produce

If enacted, the Dietary Guidelines starting in 2030 would go through formal rulemaking with evidence ratings and consider affordability and access. USDA would give Congress 90 days’ notice before updates and use a small independent advisory board with public disclosures; the 2025 Guidelines would stay in place until then. USDA could keep buying fresh fruits and vegetables for schools through 2031. The Food Loss and Waste Liaison would file an annual report on projects and market impacts. Dairy processors would have to report production costs and yields for all products made in the same facility, with public reports due within two years and every two years after.

New pesticide rules and local limits

If enacted, EPA interim registration review decisions noticed before October 1, 2031 would have to include steps to reduce harm to endangered species and critical habitat when ESA work is not finished. At the same time, cities and counties would not be allowed to set pesticide rules that differ from state or federal rules.

Biofuels: add SAF, end education programs

If enacted, sustainable aviation fuel would be added to the legal definition of advanced biofuel, widening eligibility for related programs. At the same time, the biodiesel education program and the biogas and carbon‑utilization education program would end on enactment.

New rules for pesticides, biotech, and organics

If enacted, EPA labels would become the national standard for pesticides, limiting different state labeling when companies have no certain prior penalties. Some plant‑incorporated protectants would be exempt, with EPA guidance due within one year and coordination with USDA plus an economic analysis when risk controls are required. Organic operations would need yearly inspections, with foreign sites on‑site every year and U.S. sites on‑site at least once every three years, with virtual checks in between when risk is low.

Farm Credit export finance cap change

If enacted, Farm Credit banks’ export finance exposure would be capped at 15% of total assets. This replaces a prior capital‑based measure. The change could loosen or tighten a bank’s lending room depending on its balance sheet.

New Farm Credit limits and flexibilities

If enacted, loans to one borrower would not count as qualified once they top 10% of the Corporation’s tier 1 capital, and FCA could set a lower cap. The FCA could examine small, low‑risk institutions every 24 months starting Oct. 1, 2026. Farm Credit institutions could control up to 75% of an RBIC. The law would also add a loan‑guarantee cross‑reference for clarity.

States must match land‑grant funds

If enacted, starting September 30, 2026, each State would need to give each eligible institution non‑Federal matching funds equal to the amounts the school gets under sections 1444 and 1445. This would be an annual requirement.

Market agencies can own small packers

If enacted, market agencies could own, finance, or help run a small packer under strict size limits. Cattle or sheep limits would be under 2,000 head per day or 700,000 per year. Hog limits would be under 10,000 per day or 3,000,000 per year. Agencies would have to disclose these ties to livestock sellers. USDA could still set or enforce protective rules.

More farm training for veterans

If enacted, USDA would fund competitive grants to train veterans for farming and ranching at $3,000,000 per year for FY2025–FY2031, with non‑federal matching required. The ATTRA program would also provide veteran training under Armed to Farm, with $3,500,000 a year for core activities and $1,500,000 a year for the veterans initiative during FY2027–FY2031.

Easier SNAP enforcement for retailers

If enacted, some enforcement actions against SNAP retailers would happen only after two consecutive failures within three years. This replaces a single‑failure trigger. The change would start on enactment.

CCC support restored for tobacco growers

If enacted, tobacco would return to the list of crops covered by the Commodity Credit Corporation. Tobacco producers could again be eligible for CCC tools, subject to program rules and funding.

Study to ease feeder-cattle insurance rules

If enacted, USDA would study changes to Livestock Risk Protection for feeder cattle and report within one year. The study would look at drought and wildfire impacts, marketing limits in current endorsements, and options for more flexibility or exemptions.

USDA outreach on interstate meat shipments

If enacted, USDA would help States with approved meat inspection programs that lack a selected plant join cooperative interstate shipment. Outreach would run in FY2027–FY2031, with yearly reports to Congress.

4‑H name and emblem licensing rules

If enacted, USDA, land‑grant schools, and the 4‑H Program would be able to allow use of the 4‑H name and emblem, with optional fees kept for 4‑H and available without more approval. The Attorney General or contract counsel could sue businesses that use the marks without permission.

At least $15M a year for food aid

If enacted, the bill would require at least $15 million each year from FY2027 through FY2031 for the International Food Relief Partnership. Funds would stay available until spent.

Binational farm research accelerator program

If enacted, the BARD Fund would start an accelerator for mid‑stage agricultural research. It would fast‑track projects, provide management and technical help, and support cooperation among the United States, Israel, and Abraham Accords partners.

Nationwide alerts on spotted lanternfly pest

If enacted, USDA would run TV, radio, and billboard messages in high‑risk areas to warn about the spotted lanternfly and urge people to kill any they find.

USDA land transfers extended

If enacted, the Forest Service could keep conveying or leasing administrative sites through September 30, 2031. The window to transfer the Grazinglands Research Laboratory would start on the date of enactment. These changes extend existing transfer and lease authorities.

Stronger animal welfare rules and reviews

If enacted, it would be illegal to sponsor, exhibit, or bet on animal fighting, and to make a child under 16 attend. A report on how companion‑animal rules are enforced would be due within two years, and visual dental exams would be part of adequate veterinary care when practical. One Animal Welfare Act section would be repealed with a transition, keeping existing rules until new import rules are finalized.

Stronger EBT card security rules

If enacted, USDA would publish a proposed rule within six months to strengthen EBT card security. This would aim to better protect SNAP and WIC users from fraud.

Bigger grants for farm mediation

If enacted, state agricultural mediation grants would rise from $500,000 to $700,000 per year. States could also carry over up to 25% of unspent funds into the next year without losing future aid. The authority would extend through 2031.

Farm research and training extended, updated

Research and training programs would run through 2031. This includes Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education, research on supplemental and alternative crops like winter rapeseed and canola, and the Beginning Farmer and Rancher IDA pilot. AGARDA would add precision agriculture as eligible and use a longer 13‑year planning horizon.

Rural business and community programs extended

Several Rural Development tools would stay active through 2031. This includes Rural Revitalization Technologies, Rural Business Development Grants, Rural Economic Area Partnership Zones, and the strategic economic and community development authority. Rural Cooperative Development Grants would be strengthened, with renewals for strong centers and priority for socially vulnerable, underserved, or distressed communities.

Animal health research programs extended

If enacted, animal health research grantees could carry over unspent funds to the next fiscal year. The Food Animal Residue Avoidance Database would stay authorized through 2031. These steps help keep research and residue guidance available.

Cap on state forest plans

If enacted, total funding used to develop and carry out State‑wide forest resource assessments and strategies would be capped at $10,000,000 each year. The authorization date would move to 2031. This limits money available for those planning activities.

Tighter rules for conservation easements

If enacted, program funds could not buy easements on federal, state, or already‑protected land, with an exception for tribal acreage. Changes to land interests would be allowed only if they raise conservation value or serve the public interest and have minimal impact, with landowner and eligible‑entity consent. Ending an easement would require full repayment to the United States and at least 90 days’ notice to the House and Senate Agriculture Committees.

Tribal college window and eligibility change

If enacted, authority for Tribal College and University essential community facilities would run from 2027 through 2031. The bill would also change a program’s definition so 1994 Institutions would no longer count as land‑grant colleges in that subsection. A related date would move to 2031.

More support for specialty crops

States would set specialty‑crop priorities each year with producer input and explain how funds boost competitiveness. The program would run through 2031. The bill would also add mandarin oranges and almonds to federal marketing orders, which can carry marketing rules for covered crops.

End to Healthy Forests Reserve Program

If enacted, the Healthy Forests Reserve Program would end. Existing contracts, easements, and payments made before enactment would stay in place. USDA could use past CCC funds from FY2019–FY2025 to finish obligations but could not raise payments. The Secretary could use other forest easement funds to continue prior contracts.

More admin funds for animal disease programs

If enacted, the share of program money allowed for administration and lab network work would rise from 10% to 15%. This could improve program operations but would leave a slightly smaller share for direct activities.

Pilot to move engineered microbes safely

If enacted, a pilot would start within 100 days to let up to 75 approved parties move certain engineered microbes between secure facilities without a permit. Participants would need a U.S. address, multiple facilities, prior permitted moves, and no serious incidents in five years. They would follow strict packaging, file quarterly reports with genetic details, and allow inspections.

More pesticide policy transparency and data

If enacted, USDA’s pest management director would join EPA pesticide meetings on endangered species. The group would publish annual reports online, meet stakeholders yearly, and EPA would post agency and stakeholder input before new policies. USDA would send the Multiple Crop and Pesticide Use Survey to EPA and the public and could add commercial data. This survey work would not go through Paperwork Reduction Act review.

Rural waste grants and land timing updates

If enacted, Indian tribes would be added as eligible for Solid Waste Management Grants, with the program authorized for 2027–2031. USDA would also have longer timelines to handle certain inventory real property: one deadline would shift from 15 to 60 days, another from 135 to 180 days, and USDA would decide if land is suitable for farming or ranching. If it is not suitable, action would be required within 60 days after the 180‑day period.

Research and education programs updated

If enacted, several agricultural research and education authorizations would be extended through 2031, including the National Plant Diagnostics Network, research facilities, some equipment grants, an Office of Partnerships date, and resident instruction grants for insular areas. The bill would also extend some report and drought monitor dates. At the same time, multiple older research‑law sections would be repealed as part of a clean‑up and restructuring.

More oversight of food supply loans

If enacted, USDA would send quarterly reports to Congress within 30 days after each quarter on food supply chain loan guarantees, including outcomes and debt recovery. For FY2025–FY2029, USDA would reserve up to 5% of certain funds for this guarantee authority until April 1 each year.

Sponsors & CoSponsors

Sponsor

Thompson, Glenn [R-PA-15]

PA • R

Cosponsors

There are no cosponsors for this bill.

Roll Call Votes

All Roll Calls

Yes: 435 • No: 414

house vote • 4/30/2026

On Motion to Recommit

Yes: 211 • No: 214