SOIL Act of 2025
Sponsored By: Senator Lankford, James [R-OK]
Introduced
Summary
This bill would expand federal review of foreign ownership of U.S. agricultural land. It would also increase public reporting and block federal assistance to certain foreign-held farms, and it would trigger special reviews for land near military bases.
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- Farmers and landowners: Federal aid, including subsidies, could be barred for agricultural real estate owned partly or wholly by persons from countries designated as nonmarket economies or identified as national security risks. This changes who can receive federal support for farm property.
- Foreign investors from designated countries: Buyers and long-term lessees from those countries would face broader reviews by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States and must report leases longer than 5 years to USDA. Small-acreage exclusions for reporting would be removed.
- State and national security officials: USDA must publish an annual, state- and county-level report on foreign-held agricultural land, with specific data on holdings by China, Russia, and other countries the Secretary selects, and CFIUS review would cover nonresidential property within 50 miles of military installations.
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Bill Overview
Analyzed Economic Effects
3 provisions identified: 0 benefits, 1 costs, 2 mixed.
More public reports on foreign-owned farms
If enacted, the bill would expand AFIDA reporting to include acquisitions, transfers, and leases longer than five years of agricultural land. The Secretary could not exclude land from reporting based on acreage. The USDA would publish an annual state and county report, including county data for China and Russia, and send the report to state agriculture agencies.
New review for foreign farm purchases
If enacted, the bill would expand CFIUS national-security reviews to cover acquisitions, transfers, or interests in agricultural land by people from certain designated countries. It would also require review of non-residential real estate within 50 miles of U.S. military installations when bought by such persons. The change applies to transactions proposed or pending on or after enactment.
No federal farm aid for foreign owners
If enacted, the bill would bar any Federal agency from giving assistance or subsidies for agricultural land holdings that are wholly or partly owned by nationals of certain designated countries. The rule covers countries labeled a nonmarket economy or named in the DNI Annual Threat Assessment. This would take effect upon enactment and would not criminalize ownership.
Sponsors & CoSponsors
Sponsor
Lankford, James [R-OK]
OK • R
Cosponsors
Sen. Bennet, Michael F. [D-CO]
CO • D
Sponsored 3/12/2025
Sen. Risch, James E. [R-ID]
ID • R
Sponsored 3/12/2025
Sen. Tillis, Thomas [R-NC]
NC • R
Sponsored 3/12/2025
Sen. Blackburn, Marsha [R-TN]
TN • R
Sponsored 3/13/2025
Sen. McCormick, David [R-PA]
PA • R
Sponsored 5/12/2026
Sen. Cassidy, Bill [R-LA]
LA • R
Sponsored 5/12/2026
Roll Call Votes
No roll call votes available for this bill.
View on Congress.gov