LOCOMOTIVES Act
Sponsored By: Senator Ernst, Joni [R-IA]
Introduced
Summary
Preempts state emission rules for locomotives and related nonroad engines. This bill would clarify which nonroad engines the Clean Air Act covers by explicitly including construction engines under 175 horsepower and defining locomotives engaged in commerce as federally regulated.
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- States would lose the authority to set separate emissions standards for existing locomotives and engines used in locomotives.
- Rail carriers using locomotives engaged in commerce would be subject to the clarified federal rules rather than differing state requirements.
- Manufacturers and owners of construction equipment engines smaller than 175 horsepower that are already subject to the Act would fall squarely under federal regulation, limiting state-level variation.
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Bill Overview
Analyzed Economic Effects
2 provisions identified: 1 benefits, 0 costs, 1 mixed.
Federal rules for locomotive emissions
This bill would expand federal coverage of engines in locomotives. If enacted, more locomotives engaged in commerce would be regulated under the Clean Air Act. If enacted, states could be barred from setting their own emission rules for existing locomotives. Households would see this mainly through its effects on rail operators, manufacturers, and state regulators.
Federal coverage for small construction engines
This bill would say certain nonroad engines under 175 horsepower used in construction are covered by the Clean Air Act. If enacted, those engines would be regulated federally and could be preempted from state emission rules. This would affect construction businesses, equipment owners, and manufacturers.
Sponsors & CoSponsors
Sponsor
Ernst, Joni [R-IA]
IA • R
Cosponsors
Sen. Daines, Steve [R-MT]
MT • R
Sponsored 5/15/2025
Sen. Cramer, Kevin [R-ND]
ND • R
Sponsored 5/15/2025
Sen. Lummis, Cynthia M. [R-WY]
WY • R
Sponsored 5/15/2025
Sen. Barrasso, John [R-WY]
WY • R
Sponsored 5/15/2025
Sen. Ricketts, Pete [R-NE]
NE • R
Sponsored 5/15/2025
Sen. Fischer, Deb [R-NE]
NE • R
Sponsored 5/15/2025
Sen. Risch, James E. [R-ID]
ID • R
Sponsored 5/15/2025
Sen. Scott, Rick [R-FL]
FL • R
Sponsored 5/15/2025
Sen. Sheehy, Tim [R-MT]
MT • R
Sponsored 5/15/2025
Sen. Cornyn, John [R-TX]
TX • R
Sponsored 5/15/2025
Sen. Crapo, Mike [R-ID]
ID • R
Sponsored 5/15/2025
Sen. Scott, Tim [R-SC]
SC • R
Sponsored 5/15/2025
Sen. Schmitt, Eric [R-MO]
MO • R
Sponsored 5/22/2025
Sen. Moran, Jerry [R-KS]
KS • R
Sponsored 6/2/2025
Sen. Kennedy, John [R-LA]
LA • R
Sponsored 6/28/2025
Sen. Blackburn, Marsha [R-TN]
TN • R
Sponsored 7/30/2025
Sen. Lankford, James [R-OK]
OK • R
Sponsored 12/17/2025
Sen. McCormick, David [R-PA]
PA • R
Sponsored 4/28/2026
Roll Call Votes
No roll call votes available for this bill.
View on Congress.gov