One Fair Price Act of 2025
Sponsored By: Senator Gallego, Ruben [D-AZ]
Introduced
Summary
Would ban surveillance-based price discrimination by stopping businesses from charging different consumers different prices when those differences are informed by tracking, biometric, or other surveillance data. It creates specific safe harbors for cost-based price differences, bona fide group discounts, and limited loyalty program discounts that meet clear disclosure and uniformity rules.
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Bill Overview
Analyzed Economic Effects
4 provisions identified: 4 benefits, 0 costs, 0 mixed.
New enforcement, private suits, and damages
This would create a private right of action for individuals harmed by surveillance-based pricing. You would be able to recover the greater of your actual monetary loss or $3,000 per violation, and courts could triple awards for willful violations. Prevailing plaintiffs could recover reasonable attorney's fees and costs. Pre-dispute arbitration agreements and pre-dispute joint-action waivers would not block these claims. The FTC would be authorized to make rules and enforce the ban, and state attorneys general could sue on behalf of residents.
Ban on surveillance-based pricing
This would make it unlawful for a person to charge different prices for the same or substantially similar product when those prices are informed by surveillance data. It would not apply to the business of insurance or to any credit product. Exceptions would allow cost-based differences, broad group discounts (for example, teachers, active duty, veterans, seniors, students), and opt-in loyalty discounts only if firms disclose cost bases and eligibility, offer discounts uniformly, and limit other uses of surveillance data. The bill would also define key terms like "surveillance data," "personal information," and "price."
Airline personalized-pricing ban
This would make it an unfair or deceptive practice for air carriers, foreign air carriers, and ticket agents to use surveillance data to set prices. The bill would also clarify that federal preemption rules do not stop private or state enforcement, so passengers and state attorneys general could still seek damages or injunctions for violations.
SBA–FTC study on small-business impact
This would require the SBA Office of Advocacy, in consultation with the FTC, to study how the Act affects small businesses and competition. The study would be finished within 1 year of enactment. The agencies would send Congress a report with findings and recommendations within 180 days after the study ends.
Sponsors & CoSponsors
Sponsor
Gallego, Ruben [D-AZ]
AZ • D
Cosponsors
Sen. Gillibrand, Kirsten E. [D-NY]
NY • D
Sponsored 12/11/2025
Sen. Booker, Cory A. [D-NJ]
NJ • D
Sponsored 12/11/2025
Sen. Alsobrooks, Angela D. [D-MD]
MD • D
Sponsored 3/19/2026
Roll Call Votes
No roll call votes available for this bill.
View on Congress.gov