Combating Illicit Xylazine Act
Sponsored By: Senator Cortez Masto, Catherine [D-NV]
Introduced
Summary
Would add xylazine to Schedule III of the Controlled Substances Act to tighten federal controls on its manufacture, distribution, and possession while creating reporting and transition rules for regulated parties. The bill would also expand the legal definition of xylazine to cover salts and isomers and change who counts as an "ultimate user" for xylazine use by people and households.
Show full summary
- Veterinarians and animal owners: Would limit lawful xylazine possession and dispensing to veterinarians or pharmacies acting on veterinary prescriptions and to use for animals owned by or under the care of a person or household. The bill also carves out certain FDA-approved drug products from the new Schedule III controls.
- Manufacturers and dispensers: Would impose Schedule III controls but grant transition relief. Existing manufacturers would not need immediate new capital security upgrades, labeling and packaging rules would be delayed 1 year, and practitioner registration and inventory rules would begin after 60 days with protections for pending applicants.
- Enforcement and oversight: Would add xylazine to the ARCOS tracking system and direct the U.S. Sentencing Commission to review sentencing guidelines. It would require a DEA-led control assessment within 30 days and an initial 18-month report on prevalence, sources, and diversion risks, with further congressional updates later.
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Bill Overview
Analyzed Economic Effects
3 provisions identified: 2 benefits, 0 costs, 1 mixed.
New federal controls and tracking for xylazine
If enacted, the bill would treat any amount of xylazine as a Schedule III controlled substance unless specifically excepted. It would require the government to add xylazine to ARCOS tracking so transactions are reported. The bill would also direct the Sentencing Commission to review and, if appropriate, update penalties for xylazine offenses. The FDA and DEA would be asked to speed manufacturer submissions related to placing xylazine on Schedule III.
Who can legally have xylazine
If enacted, the bill would create an xylazine-specific "ultimate user" rule. You would be an ultimate user if a registered veterinarian or a pharmacy under a registered veterinarian's prescription gives xylazine for animals you own or care for, or for authorized government animal-control or wildlife programs. The bill would say you do not need to register under the Controlled Substances Act to possess xylazine in those situations. This exception would not apply to xylazine products approved under FDA sections 505(b) or 505(j).
Short-term compliance relief for vets and makers
If enacted, the bill would let entities that are manufacturing xylazine on the enactment date avoid one-time capital security upgrades tied to Schedule III manufacturing. It would delay Schedule III labeling, packaging, and distribution rules for xylazine for one year after enactment. It would also delay practitioner registration, inventory, and recordkeeping requirements for xylazine for 60 days and allow practitioners who apply during that period to continue lawful activities until approval or denial.
Sponsors & CoSponsors
Sponsor
Cortez Masto, Catherine [D-NV]
NV • D
Cosponsors
Sen. Cantwell, Maria [D-WA]
WA • D
Sponsored 2/12/2025
Sen. Shaheen, Jeanne [D-NH]
NH • D
Sponsored 2/12/2025
Amy Klobuchar
MN • D
Sponsored 2/12/2025
Katie Britt
AL • R
Sponsored 2/12/2025
Shelley Capito
WV • R
Sponsored 2/12/2025
Sen. Young, Todd [R-IN]
IN • R
Sponsored 2/12/2025
Sen. Kelly, Mark [D-AZ]
AZ • D
Sponsored 2/12/2025
Sen. Kaine, Tim [D-VA]
VA • D
Sponsored 2/12/2025
Sen. Risch, James E. [R-ID]
ID • R
Sponsored 2/12/2025
Sen. Grassley, Chuck [R-IA]
IA • R
Sponsored 2/12/2025
Sen. Hassan, Margaret Wood [D-NH]
NH • D
Sponsored 2/12/2025
Sen. Gillibrand, Kirsten E. [D-NY]
NY • D
Sponsored 2/12/2025
Cindy Hyde-Smith
MS • R
Sponsored 2/12/2025
Sen. Scott, Rick [R-FL]
FL • R
Sponsored 2/12/2025
Sen. Rosen, Jacky [D-NV]
NV • D
Sponsored 2/12/2025
Sen. Blumenthal, Richard [D-CT]
CT • D
Sponsored 2/12/2025
Sen. Luján, Ben Ray [D-NM]
NM • D
Sponsored 2/12/2025
Roger Wicker
MS • R
Sponsored 2/12/2025
Sen. Gallego, Ruben [D-AZ]
AZ • D
Sponsored 2/18/2025
Sen. Tillis, Thomas [R-NC]
NC • R
Sponsored 2/24/2025
Sen. Fetterman, John [D-PA]
PA • D
Sponsored 7/16/2025
Sen. Bennet, Michael F. [D-CO]
CO • D
Sponsored 7/22/2025
Sen. Lummis, Cynthia M. [R-WY]
WY • R
Sponsored 7/23/2025
Sen. Budd, Ted [R-NC]
NC • R
Sponsored 7/23/2025
Sen. King, Angus S., Jr. [I-ME]
ME • I
Sponsored 7/24/2025
Sen. Justice, James C. [R-WV]
WV • R
Sponsored 9/10/2025
Sen. Crapo, Mike [R-ID]
ID • R
Sponsored 9/29/2025
Sen. McCormick, David [R-PA]
PA • R
Sponsored 2/10/2026
Sen. Lankford, James [R-OK]
OK • R
Sponsored 2/24/2026
Sen. Moody, Ashley [R-FL]
FL • R
Sponsored 3/17/2026
Sen. Blackburn, Marsha [R-TN]
TN • R
Sponsored 3/19/2026
Sen. Cornyn, John [R-TX]
TX • R
Sponsored 3/19/2026
Sen. Durbin, Richard J. [D-IL]
IL • D
Sponsored 3/26/2026
Sen. Cruz, Ted [R-TX]
TX • R
Sponsored 3/26/2026
Roll Call Votes
No roll call votes available for this bill.
View on Congress.gov