Judicial Relief Clarification Act of 2025
Sponsored By: Senator Chuck Grassley
Introduced
Summary
Limits federal courts from ordering relief for non-parties and narrows administrative review. It bars courts from issuing orders that restrain enforcement against or compel action for someone who is not a party unless that person is represented by a party acting in a representative role under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.
Show full summary
- Non-parties and third parties: Courts may not grant relief that benefits or binds a non-party unless a party represents them in a representative capacity.
- Federal and state officials and agencies: Judges can issue temporary restraining orders to restrain enforcement of or compel action with respect to statutes, regulations, orders, executive actions, or similar authority by the United States or any state, its agencies, or officers acting in an official capacity.
- Challenges to agency action: Judicial review under the Administrative Procedure Act is limited to a "person" before the court, and the bill removes language that allowed courts to "set aside" agency actions.
Bill Overview
Analyzed Economic Effects
2 provisions identified: 0 benefits, 1 costs, 1 mixed.
Limits court orders for non-parties
If enacted, this bill would stop federal courts from issuing orders that help people or groups not named in a case. It would add a rule saying relief can go only to persons or parties "before the court." It would create a new law that bars courts from restraining enforcement against, or forcing action for, non-parties unless a party formally represents them under court rules. The rule would apply in U.S. courts and in district courts in Guam, the Virgin Islands, and the Northern Mariana Islands, and would take effect upon enactment.
New appeals for temporary restraining orders
If enacted, this bill would allow appeals of certain temporary restraining orders before final judgment. It would let courts of appeals review TROs that try to stop or force action about a law, rule, or official action by the U.S. or a State, its agency, or officers. The change would apply to TROs issued under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure or any other authority. It would take effect upon enactment.
Sponsors & CoSponsors
Sponsor
Chuck Grassley
IA • R
Cosponsors
James Justice
WV • R
Sponsored 3/31/2025
John Kennedy
LA • R
Sponsored 3/31/2025
John Barrasso
WY • R
Sponsored 3/31/2025
Marsha Blackburn
TN • R
Sponsored 3/31/2025
Katie Britt
AL • R
Sponsored 3/31/2025
Ted Budd
NC • R
Sponsored 3/31/2025
John Cornyn
TX • R
Sponsored 3/31/2025
Kevin Cramer
ND • R
Sponsored 3/31/2025
Ted Cruz
TX • R
Sponsored 3/31/2025
Steve Daines
MT • R
Sponsored 3/31/2025
Lindsey Graham
SC • R
Sponsored 3/31/2025
Bill Hagerty
TN • R
Sponsored 3/31/2025
Cynthia Lummis
WY • R
Sponsored 3/31/2025
Roger Marshall
KS • R
Sponsored 3/31/2025
Ashley Moody
FL • R
Sponsored 3/31/2025
Bernie Moreno
OH • R
Sponsored 3/31/2025
Eric Schmitt
MO • R
Sponsored 3/31/2025
Thomas Tillis
NC • R
Sponsored 3/31/2025
Tommy Tuberville
AL • R
Sponsored 3/31/2025
Bill Cassidy
LA • R
Sponsored 3/31/2025
Mike Lee
UT • R
Sponsored 3/31/2025
Joni Ernst
IA • R
Sponsored 4/2/2025
Jim Banks
IN • R
Sponsored 4/2/2025
Jon Husted
OH • R
Sponsored 4/3/2025
Tim Sheehy
MT • R
Sponsored 4/4/2025
James Lankford
OK • R
Sponsored 4/4/2025
Cindy Hyde-Smith
MS • R
Sponsored 4/7/2025
Deb Fischer
NE • R
Sponsored 4/10/2025
Dan Sullivan
AK • R
Sponsored 5/6/2025
Roll Call Votes
No roll call votes available for this bill.
View on Congress.govRelated Bills
S186 — No Taxpayer Funding for Abortion and Abortion Insurance Full Disclosure Act of 2025
Blocks federal funding for abortions and for health plans that cover abortion. The bill would permanently ban the use of federal funds for abortions or for any health plan paid for in whole or in part with federal money and would bar abortions in federal facilities or by federal employees. - Families and marketplace enrollees would not be able to use premium tax credits or cost‑sharing reductions to buy plans that include abortion. They could purchase a separate abortion-only plan but would receive no federal subsidy for that coverage. - People who receive care in federal facilities and anyone served by federal employees would not get abortions paid for with federal funds. The bill extends funding restrictions to federal trust funds and the District of Columbia. Exceptions are preserved for rape, incest, and life‑threatening conditions. - Employers and insurers would face new rules. Plans that include abortion would be excluded from the small employer health insurance credit. Qualified health plans and marketplace materials would have to prominently disclose whether they cover abortion and any separate surcharge for that coverage.
S128 — SAVE Act
Requires documentary proof of U.S. citizenship for federal voter registration. This bill would bar states from processing any application for a federal election unless the applicant presents specified citizenship documents and would add verification, information-sharing, removal, and enforcement rules to the voter registration system. - Prospective voters: People applying to register for a federal election would need to present specified documentary proof of U.S. citizenship when they apply, whether by mail, online, in person, or at the polling place. States must provide an alternate uniform affidavit under penalty of perjury for applicants who cannot produce documents. - State agencies and driver license offices: States would be required to verify citizenship during driver’s license issuance or renewal and to link those checks to voter registration records. The bill would require states to create programs to identify and remove noncitizens and sets implementation timing, including a 30-day program deadline and a 60-day early-adoption window. - Election officials, enforcement, and naturalization: The bill would expand criminal penalties and create a private right of action against officials who register applicants without required proof. It also directs the Department of Homeland Security to notify state election officials of naturalizations and preserves the ability to cast provisional ballots while citizenship is verified.
S65 — Constitutional Concealed Carry Reciprocity Act of 2025
Creates nationwide concealed-carry reciprocity for qualified permit holders. The bill would let people who are federally eligible to possess firearms and who carry a photo ID plus a valid state concealed-carry permit, or who are eligible to carry in their home State, carry a concealed handgun in other States that allow resident permits or do not prohibit resident concealed carry. - Nonresidents who meet federal eligibility and permit rules would be subject to the same conditions and limits that apply to resident permit holders in the destination State. This means where and how they may carry will follow the destination State's rules. - Preserves State control over who gets a concealed-carry permit while requiring that, in States that allow restricted permits, a nonresident carrying under this law be treated under the same terms as an unrestricted resident permit. - Federal prohibitions still bar certain people from carrying, and the reciprocity excludes machineguns and destructive devices. - The changes would take effect 90 days after enactment.
SRES391 — A resolution condemning the assassination of Charlie Kirk and honoring his life and legacy.
Condemns the assassination of Charlie Kirk. This resolution expresses the Senate's strongest condemnation of Kirk's killing and extends deepest condolences to his wife, Erika, and their two young children. It honors Kirk as a devoted husband, father, and Christian, notes he founded Turning Point USA in 2012, and records that he was assassinated on September 10, 2025 while speaking to a large group of college students at Utah Valley University. The resolution also honors his commitment to constitutional principles and civil discussion across political lines.
SRES255 — A resolution honoring the life, achievements, and legacy of former United States Senator Christopher "Kit" Bond of Missouri.
Honors the life and public service of Christopher Samuel "Kit" Bond. The resolution summarizes his career as Missouri State Auditor, two-term Governor, and four-term U.S. Senator and highlights his work on housing, Parents as Teachers, literacy, care for women and children, support for farmers, and national defense. It records his death on May 13, 2025, notes survivors Linda, his son Sam, and two grandchildren, and directs transmission of the resolution to his family and the House and adjournment as a mark of respect.
SRES220 — A resolution designating the week of May 11 through May 17, 2025, as "National Police Week".
Designates the week of May 11–17, 2025 as National Police Week and honors law enforcement officers who died in the line of duty. It expresses support for officers, calls for adequate equipment, training, and other resources to protect officer health and safety, notes that 234 officers were killed in the line of duty in 2024 per the FBI's Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted program, and encourages Americans to observe the week.
Take It Personal
Get Your Personalized Policy View
Create a free account to save research, track policy impacts, and unlock your personalized versions of these pages.
Already have an account? Sign in