Defense Quantum Acceleration Act of 2025

S1782 — Charlotte Woodward Organ Transplant Discrimination Prevention Act

Ban discrimination in organ transplants based on disability. This bill would bar transplant centers and related providers from denying, limiting, or failing to refer people for organ transplants solely because of a mental or physical disability, and it requires reasonable accommodations and recognition of supported decision-making.

S1748 — Kids Online Safety Act

Protecting minors online is the core aim of the Kids Online Safety Act, which would make platforms that serve young users adopt a legal duty of care, add parental controls and safeguards, and force more transparency about recommendation algorithms. The bill targets design features that boost minor engagement and limits certain research on children to reduce mental-health and harassment risks. - Families and minors: The bill would define a "child" as under 13 and a "minor" as under 17, require verifiable parental consent for known children, and give parents tools to control privacy, purchases, and autoplay for streaming. - Platforms and products: Covered services would face limits on personalized design features, a ban on market research involving children under 13, and public reporting and independent audits of safeguards, including detailed de-identified data on minor usage for platforms with over 10 million monthly U.S. users. - Regulators, schools, and tech oversight: The Federal Trade Commission would enforce the rules with state attorneys general able to act as well, a Kids Online Safety Council of 11 members would advise and report within 1 and 3 years, and a separate title would force notice and opt-outs for "opaque" algorithms and let users switch to input-transparent systems.

S882 — Patients Before Middlemen Act

Make PBMs more transparent and open Medicare Part D networks to willing pharmacies. This bill would require pharmacy benefit managers and Prescription Drug Plan sponsors to report detailed drug price and payment data and would create rules to let willing and qualifying independent pharmacies join networks.

S2461 — Promotion and Expansion of Private Employee Ownership Act of 2025

Expands employee ownership by making certain S‑corporation ESOP stock sales fully tax‑deferrable and by creating federal offices to grow and support ESOPs. This bill would remove an existing timing limit on that tax deferral and build a government support system to help companies and workers form ESOPs. - S‑corporation owners and sellers would be able to defer tax on qualifying sales of employer stock to employee stock ownership plans (ESOPs) prospectively, removing the prior December 31, 2027 deadline and repealing a Section 1042(h) constraint for sales after enactment. - Workers and ESOP companies would get clearer access to small business supports because the Small Business Act would treat ESOP participants as directly owning their proportional share for SBA loans, preferences, and programs, effective January 1 of the year after enactment. - Federal support would expand: the Treasury must create an S Corporation Employee Ownership Assistance Office within 90 days to provide outreach and technical help, and the Department of Labor would add an Advocate for Employee Ownership to coordinate outreach, help resolve ESOP disputes, and publish an annual public report.

S1602 — Mathematical and Statistical Modeling Education Act

Modernize K–12 mathematics and statistics education through modeling and data-driven computational thinking. This bill would create a National Science Foundation grant program and fund a National Academies study to support curriculum research, educator training, and stronger school-to-work pathways. - Students and families: Students would gain more classroom access to mathematical and statistical modeling, real-data projects with messy data, and career-connected internships. The program targets historically underrepresented groups, students experiencing homelessness, and children and youth in foster care. - Educators and schools: Teachers and districts would get professional development, pre-service and in-service resources, and hands-on training at federal labs, colleges, or industry. Grant projects must include partnerships with local educational agencies, sustainability plans, and assurances of school leader support. - Researchers and employers: Universities and nonprofits could win competitive grants to develop curricula, study effective teaching, and build employer partnerships for internships. The bill would authorize $10.0 million per year for grants and $1.0 million per year for a National Academies study for fiscal years 2026 to 2030, subject to appropriation. If appropriated, this would authorize up to $11.0 million per year from 2026 through 2030, increasing potential discretionary spending over that period.

S1241 — Sanctioning Russia Act of 2025

Harsh, automatic sanctions and trade penalties would be triggered if Russia refuses to negotiate with Ukraine, violates a peace deal, invades again, or seeks to subvert Ukraine's government. The bill would require visa and property-blocking sanctions, target major Russian banks, ban U.S. energy exports to Russia, restrict U.S. investments and listings tied to Russia, and force duties of at least 500% on Russian imports.