Title 7 — Title 7

(a) A carrier’s lien on goods may be enforced by public or private sale of the goods, in bulk or in packages, at any time or place and on any terms that are commercially reasonable, after notifying all persons known to claim an interest in the goods. The notification must include…

(a) A carrier that issues a bill of lading, whether negotiable or nonnegotiable, shall exercise the degree of care in relation to the goods which a reasonably careful person would exercise under similar circumstances. This subsection does not affect any statute, regulation, or ru…

The obligations imposed by this article on an issuer apply to a document of title even if: (1) The document does not comply with the requirements of this article or of any other statute, rule, or regulation regarding its issuance, form, or content; (2) The issuer violated laws re…

A duplicate or any other document of title purporting to cover goods already represented by an outstanding document of the same issuer does not confer any right in the goods, except as provided in the case of tangible bills of lading in a set of parts, overissue of documents for …

(a) A bailee shall deliver the goods to a person entitled under a document of title if the person complies with subsections (b) and (c), unless and to the extent that the bailee establishes any of the following: (1) Delivery of the goods to a person whose receipt was rightful as …

A bailee that in good faith has received goods and delivered or otherwise disposed of the goods according to the terms of a document of title or pursuant to this article is not liable for the goods even if: (1) The person from which the bailee received the goods did not have auth…

(a) The following rules apply to a negotiable tangible document of title: (1) If the document’s original terms run to the order of a named person, the document is negotiated by the named person’s indorsement and delivery. After the named person’s indorsement in blank or to bearer…

(a) Subject to Sections 7-7-205 and 7-7-503, a holder to which a negotiable document of title has been duly negotiated acquires thereby: (1) Title to the document; (2) Title to the goods; (3) All rights accruing under the law of agency or estoppel, including rights to goods deliv…

(a) A document of title confers no right in goods against a person that before issuance of the document had a legal interest or a perfected security interest in the goods and that did not: (1) Deliver or entrust the goods or any document of title covering the goods to the bailor …

Stoppage of Delivery. (a) A transferee of a document of title, whether negotiable or nonnegotiable, to which the document has been delivered but not duly negotiated, acquires the title and rights that its transferor had or had actual authority to convey. (b) In the case of a tran…

The indorsement of a tangible document of title issued by a bailee does not make the indorser liable for any default by the bailee or previous indorsers. History: (Prior version of this section added by Acts 1965, No. 549, p. 811; repealed by Act 2004-315, p. 464, §1; current sec…

The transferee of a negotiable tangible document of title has a specifically enforceable right to have its transferor supply any necessary indorsement, but the transfer becomes a negotiation only as of the time the indorsement is supplied. History: (Prior version of this section …

If a person negotiates or delivers a document of title for value, otherwise than as a mere intermediary under Section 7-7-508, unless otherwise agreed, the transferor, in addition to any warranty made in selling or leasing the goods, warrants to its immediate purchaser only that:…

A collecting bank or other intermediary known to be entrusted with documents of title on behalf of another or with collection of a draft or other claim against delivery of documents warrants by the delivery of the documents only its own good faith and authority even if the collec…

Whether a document of title is adequate to fulfill the obligations of a contract for sale, a contract for lease, or the conditions of a letter of credit is determined by Article 2, 2A, or 5. History: (Prior version of this section added by Acts 1965, No. 549, p. 811; repealed by …

(a) If a document of title is lost, stolen, or destroyed, a court may order delivery of the goods or issuance of a substitute document and the bailee may without liability to any person comply with the order. If the document was negotiable, a court may not order delivery of the g…

Title. Unless a document of title was originally issued upon delivery of the goods by a person that did not have power to dispose of them, a lien does not attach by virtue of any judicial process to goods in the possession of a bailee for which a negotiable document of title is o…

If more than one person claims title to or possession of the goods, the bailee is excused from delivery until the bailee has a reasonable time to ascertain the validity of the adverse claims or to commence an action for interpleader. The bailee may assert an interpleader either i…

This article takes effect on January 1, 2005. History: (Act 2004-315, p. 464, §1.)

Existing Sections 7-7-101 through 7-7-603 and Section 7-10-104, are repealed. History: (Act 2004-315, p. 464, §1.)

This article applies to a document of title that is issued or a bailment that arises on or after January 1, 2005. This article does not apply to a document of title that is issued or a bailment that arises before January 1, 2005, even if the document of title or bailment would be…

A document of title issued or a bailment that arises before January 1, 2005, and the rights, obligations, and interests flowing from that document or bailment are governed by any statute or other rule amended or repealed by this article as if the amendment or repeal had not occur…

This article may be cited as Uniform Commercial Code - Investment Securities. History: (Acts 1965, No. 549, p. 811; repealed by Acts 1996, No. 96-742, p. 1241, §1; added by Acts 1996, No. 96-742, p. 1241, §1.)

(a) In this article: (1) “Adverse claim” means a claim that a claimant has a property interest in a financial asset and that it is a violation of the rights of the claimant for another person to hold, transfer, or deal with the financial asset. (2) “Bearer form,” as applied to a …

Securities or Financial Assets. (a) A share or similar equity interest issued by a corporation, business trust, joint stock company, or similar entity is a security. (b) An “investment company security” is a security. “Investment company security” means a share or similar equity …

(a) A person acquires a security or an interest therein, under this article, if: (1) the person is a purchaser to whom a security is delivered pursuant to Section 7- 8-301; or (2) the person acquires a security entitlement to the security pursuant to Section 7- 8-501. (b) A perso…

(a) A person has notice of an adverse claim if: (1) the person knows of the adverse claim; (2) the person is aware of facts sufficient to indicate that there is a significant probability that the adverse claim exists and deliberately avoids information that would establish the ex…

(a) A purchaser has “control” of a certificated security in bearer form if the certificated security is delivered to the purchaser. (b) A purchaser has “control” of a certificated security in registered form if the certificated security is delivered to the purchaser, and: (1) the…

(a) “Appropriate person” means: (1) with respect to an indorsement, the person specified by a security certificate or by an effective special indorsement to be entitled to the security; (2) with respect to an instruction, the registered owner of an uncertificated security; (3) wi…

(a) A person who transfers a certificated security to a purchaser for value warrants to the purchaser, and an indorser, if the transfer is by indorsement, warrants to any subsequent purchaser, that: (1) the certificate is genuine and has not been materially altered; (2) the trans…

(a) A person who originates an entitlement order to a securities intermediary warrants to the securities intermediary that: (1) the entitlement order is made by an appropriate person, or if the entitlement order is by an agent, the agent has actual authority to act on behalf of t…

(a) The local law of the issuer’s jurisdiction, as specified in subsection (d), governs: (1) the validity of a security; (2) the rights and duties of the issuer with respect to registration of transfer; (3) the effectiveness of registration of transfer by the issuer; (4) whether …

A rule adopted by a clearing corporation governing rights and obligations among the clearing corporation and its participants in the clearing corporation is effective even if the rule conflicts with this title and affects another party who does not consent to the rule. History: (…

(a) The interest of a debtor in a certificated security may be reached by a creditor only by actual seizure of the security certificate by the officer making the attachment or levy, except as otherwise provided in subsection (d). However, a certificated security for which the cer…

A contract or modification of a contract for the sale or purchase of a security is enforceable whether or not there is a writing signed or record authenticated by a party against whom enforcement is sought, even if the contract or modification is not capable of performance within…

The following rules apply in an action on a certificated security against the issuer: (1) Unless specifically denied in the pleadings, each signature on a security certificate or in a necessary indorsement is admitted. (2) If the effectiveness of a signature is put in issue, the …

A securities intermediary that has transferred a financial asset pursuant to an effective entitlement order, or a broker or other agent or bailee that has dealt with a financial asset at the direction of its customer or principal, is not liable to a person having an adverse claim…

A securities intermediary that receives a financial asset and establishes a security entitlement to the financial asset in favor of an entitlement holder is a purchaser for value of the financial asset. A securities intermediary that acquires a security entitlement to a financial…

(a) With respect to an obligation on or a defense to a security, an “issuer” includes a person that: (1) places or authorizes the placing of its name on a security certificate, other than as authenticating trustee, registrar, transfer agent, or the like, to evidence a share, part…

(a) Even against a purchaser for value and without notice, the terms of a certificated security include terms stated on the certificate and terms made part of the security by reference on the certificate to another instrument, indenture, or document or to a constitution, statute,…

After an act or event, other than a call that has been revoked, creating a right to immediate performance of the principal obligation represented by a certificated security or setting a date on or after which the security is to be presented or surrendered for redemption or exchan…

A restriction on transfer of a security imposed by the issuer, even if otherwise lawful, is ineffective against a person without knowledge of the restriction unless: (1) the security is certificated and the restriction is noted conspicuously on the security certificate; or (2) th…

An unauthorized signature placed on a security certificate before or in the course of issue is ineffective, but the signature is effective in favor of a purchaser for value of the certificated security if the purchaser is without notice of the lack of authority and the signing ha…

(a) If a security certificate contains the signatures necessary to its issue or transfer but is incomplete in any other respect: (1) any person may complete it by filling in the blanks as authorized; and (2) even if the blanks are incorrectly filled in, the security certificate a…

(a) Before due presentment for registration of transfer of a certificated security in registered form or of an instruction requesting registration of transfer of an uncertificated security, the issuer or indenture trustee may treat the registered owner as the person exclusively e…

Agent. (a) A person signing a security certificate as authenticating trustee, registrar, transfer agent, or the like, warrants to a purchaser for value of the certificated security, if the purchaser is without notice of a particular defect, that: (1) the certificate is genuine; (…

A lien in favor of an issuer upon a certificated security is valid against a purchaser only if the right of the issuer to the lien is noted conspicuously on the security certificate. History: (Acts 1996, No. 96-742, p. 1241, §1.)

(a) In this section, “overissue” means the issue of securities in excess of the amount the issuer has corporate power to issue, but an overissue does not occur if appropriate action has cured the overissue. (b) Except as otherwise provided in subsections (c) and (d), the provisio…

(a) Delivery of a certificated security to a purchaser occurs when: (1) the purchaser acquires possession of the security certificate; (2) another person, other than a securities intermediary, either acquires possession of the security certificate on behalf of the purchaser or, h…

(a) Except as otherwise provided in subsections (b) and (c), a purchaser of a certificated or uncertificated security acquires all rights in the security that the transferor had or had power to transfer. (b) A purchaser of a limited interest acquires rights only to the extent of …